Subjects: Biology, chemistry, physics
Total Chapters: 102 | Total Topics: 733
List of all discovered topics with their Gemma-generated names and top keywords.
| Topic | Count | Name | Representation | topic_name | Top 10 Keywords |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -1 | 29634 | -1_water_temperature_gas_atoms | [water, temperature, gas, atoms, force, species, energy, heat, example, hydrogen, electrons, current, charge, figure, molecules, electron, mass, frequency, pressure, light, cells, plant, form, does, small, plants, like, oxygen, electromagnetic, used, work, different, time, change, air, large, solution, transfer, body, carbon, particles, process, ions, called, given, voltage, object, resistance, number, electric] | Water | water, temperature, gas, atoms, force, species, energy, heat, example, hydrogen |
| 0 | 642 | 0_physics_science_scientific_hypothesis | [physics, science, scientific, hypothesis, scientific method, reasoning, nature, knowledge, laws, sciences, theories, experiments, hypotheses, modern physics, theory, inductive, phenomena, method, principles, findings, classical, classical physics, experimental, models, experiment, underlying, research, observation, researchers, laws physics, disciplines, scientists, basic, student, skills, applied science, logical, simplicity, test hypothesis, results, general, data, conclusion, discoveries, applied, apply, observations, philosophy, study, applicable] | Science | physics, science, scientific, hypothesis, scientific method, reasoning, nature, knowledge, laws, sciences |
| 1 | 535 | 1_fission_reactor_fusion_uranium | [fission, reactor, fusion, uranium, nuclear, neutrons, reactors, plutonium, bomb, fuel, nuclear reactor, nuclear power, weapons, chain reaction, nuclei, 235, 32, figure 32, containment, neutron, power, conventional, energy produced, chain, rods, reactions, tritium, power plants, number neutrons, released, 239, energy released, heavy, critical, energy, isotopes, radioactive, figure 21, induce, high temperatures, deuterium, produced, control, energy nuclear, mass nuclei, controlled, core, destroyed, products, material] | Fission | fission, reactor, fusion, uranium, nuclear, neutrons, reactors, plutonium, bomb, fuel |
| 2 | 490 | 2_mendel_dominant_recessive_alleles | [mendel, dominant, recessive, alleles, allele, offspring, cross, trait, traits, genotypes, phenotype, inheritance, peas, yellow, genotype, generation, color, probability, crosses, round, seeds, independent assortment, phenotypes, violet, green, assortment, flowers, white, genes, breeding, dominance, parents, figure 12, crossed, individuals, constricted, phenotypic, wild, gene, recombination, plants, parent, garden, tall, genetics, 12, flower, expressed, true, independent] | Alleles | mendel, dominant, recessive, alleles, allele, offspring, cross, trait, traits, genotypes |
| 3 | 444 | 3_ph_base_acid base_conjugate | [ph, base, acid base, conjugate, ionization, acid, buffer, bases, acids, hydroxide, ion, weak, acids bases, acidic, hydroxide ion, conjugate base, solution, ion concentration, added, weak acid, acid ionization, hydroxide ions, stronger, 14, acetate, strong, acidic basic, strengths, concentration, buffer solution, acetic acid, acetic, ions, figure 14, strong acid, solutions, constants, basic, acidity, example 14, neutral, buffers, ionized, aqueous, added solution, indicator, acetate ion, hydrogen ions, hcl, weak base] | Acid-Base | ph, base, acid base, conjugate, ionization, acid, buffer, bases, acids, hydroxide |
| 4 | 369 | 4_virus_viruses_viral_host | [virus, viruses, viral, host, host cell, enveloped, genome, envelope, drugs, classification, stranded, replication, rna, infect, infections, infection, infected, host cells, figure 21, symptoms, double stranded, replicate, flu, dna rna, 21, nucleic acid, cell, genomes, cause, viral infections, stranded dna, transmission, diseases, transmission electron, dna, attach, helical, genetic material, immune, hosts, nucleic, disease, core, single stranded, progeny, anti, glycoproteins, rna dna, proteins, cancer] | Virus | virus, viruses, viral, host, host cell, enveloped, genome, envelope, drugs, classification |
| 5 | 313 | 5_equilibrium_equilibrium constant_concentrations_equilibria | [equilibrium, equilibrium constant, concentrations, equilibria, equilibrium concentrations, reaction, reaction quotient, constant, quotient, constant reaction, reverse, forward, reactants, reactants products, reactant, reactant product, value equilibrium, coupled, concentration, product, equilibrium mixture, happen, mixture, proceed, reverse reaction, reversible reaction, reversible, products, equilibrium constants, following reactions, shift, reactions, constants, 13, example 13, value, dissociation, reaction proceed, complex ion, reach equilibrium, concentrations reactants, equilibrium calculations, hi, calculation, expression, proceeds, heterogeneous, homogeneous, added, châtelier principle] | Equilibrium | equilibrium, equilibrium constant, concentrations, equilibria, equilibrium concentrations, reaction, reaction quotient, constant, quotient, constant reaction |
| 6 | 292 | 6_fungi_fungus_fungal_figure 24 | [fungi, fungus, fungal, figure 24, 24, sexual, spores, cdc, infections, cdc scale, reproduction, phylum, decomposers, pathogens, work dr, dutch, sexual reproduction, asexual, human life, crops, dr, animals, club, trees, asexually, reproduce, plants animals, kingdom, mold, usda ars, ars, nutrients, bar data, scale bar, susceptible, data matt, matt russell, belong, organic matter, russell, classified, disease, matt, humans, animals plants, pesticides, reproduce sexually, poisonous, insects, usda] | Fungal Infections | fungi, fungus, fungal, figure 24, 24, sexual, spores, cdc, infections, cdc scale |
| 7 | 290 | 7_refraction_index refraction_index_reflection | [refraction, index refraction, index, reflection, angle, ray, incident, medium, optics, figure 25, incident angle, 25, internal reflection, total internal, light, reflected, light ray, critical, change direction, speed light, incidence, rays, angles, indices refraction, diamond, indices, law, refracted, geometric optics, rays figure, 25 12, perpendicular, traveling, geometric, travels, reflector, travels distance, rough, strikes, corner, direction, glass, table 25, example 25, light reflected, internal, speed, air, changes direction, going] | Refraction | refraction, index refraction, index, reflection, angle, ray, incident, medium, optics, figure 25 |
| 8 | 283 | 8_observer_astronaut_earth bound_elapsed | [observer, astronaut, earth bound, elapsed, observers, elapsed time, time, proper, bound, earth, relative, measured, ship, frame, measures, moving relative, spaceship, length contraction, relative earth, paradox, moving, measured earth, length, clocks, flashes, speed, contraction, 28, lamps, time time, simultaneous, event, sees, light, speed light, measure, clock, relativity, relative velocity, distance, away earth, away, relative observer, time intervals, agree, figure 28, light travels, traveling, measure time, contracted] | Observers | observer, astronaut, earth bound, elapsed, observers, elapsed time, time, proper, bound, earth |
| 9 | 279 | 9_image_magnification_lens_focal length | [image, magnification, lens, focal length, focal, objective, object, virtual, length, projected, image formed, inverted, real image, upright, image projected, real, distance, lenses, closer, screen, larger object, object distance, farther, cm, case, farther away, images, lens equations, held, camera, magnifying, figure 25, formed, spectacle, slide, convex, 25, placed, location, microscope, image produced, away, film, converging, photograph, distance center, diverging, distance distance, overall, negative] | Magnification | image, magnification, lens, focal length, focal, objective, object, virtual, length, projected |
| 10 | 278 | 10_slit_slits_diffraction_grating | [slit, slits, diffraction, grating, double slit, interference, double, pattern, fringes, 27, interference pattern, screen, maximum, figure 27, angle, minimum, light, spaced, nm, width, wavelength, centimeter, maxima, closely spaced, wavelength light, order, young, spacing, diffraction pattern, single, lines, second order, sin, passing, light passing, falling, beam, experiment, separation, patterns, narrow, visible light, wave, interfere, bright, distance, falls, closely, produces, angles] | Diffraction | slit, slits, diffraction, grating, double slit, interference, double, pattern, fringes, 27 |
| 11 | 268 | 11_vector_vectors_subtraction_resultant | [vector, vectors, subtraction, resultant, vector addition, magnitude, analytical, components, analytical methods, magnitude direction, addition subtraction, arrows, perpendicular components, axes, direction, perpendicular, addition, coordinate, methods, graphical, scalar, east, arrow, scalars, axis, graphical methods, tail, horizontal vertical, head tail, pointing, add, vector quantity, magnitudes, represent, right triangle, determine magnitude, method, pythagorean theorem, pythagorean, head, quantity, north, horizontal, triangle, perpendicular axes, vertical, scalar quantity, adding, direction magnitude, north east] | Vector Subtraction | vector, vectors, subtraction, resultant, vector addition, magnitude, analytical, components, analytical methods, magnitude direction |
| 12 | 258 | 12_loop_magnetic_magnetic field_magnetic force | [loop, magnetic, magnetic field, magnetic force, wire, field, direction magnetic, carrying, current, rhr, 22, current loop, ampere, moving charge, force moving, figure 22, torque, loops, right hand, hand rule, direction, field strength, wires, force, currents, moving, rule, straight, magnetic fields, strength, fields, hand, perpendicular, field current, conductors, thumb, magnet, loop rule, circular, field lines, right, magnets, determine direction, charge, charges, field created, direction magnitude, motors, conductor, poles] | Loop | loop, magnetic, magnetic field, magnetic force, wire, field, direction magnetic, carrying, current, rhr |
| 13 | 256 | 13_dose_radiation_ionizing_doses | [dose, radiation, ionizing, doses, ionizing radiation, cancer, exposure, radiation dose, biological effects, rem, therapeutic, effects, therapy, damage, biological, table 32, sv, gy, 32, effects radiation, risk, rad, cancer therapy, cancer cells, deaths, exposed, medical, radiation exposure, radioactive, cell reproduction, tissue, rbe, patient, uses, background, energy absorbed, radiopharmaceuticals, received, energy deposited, reproducing, killed, absorbed, health, immediate, person, workers, normal cells, risks, year, cause] | Doses | dose, radiation, ionizing, doses, ionizing radiation, cancer, exposure, radiation dose, biological effects, rem |
| 14 | 250 | 14_manometer_pressure_atmospheric pressure_mercury | [manometer, pressure, atmospheric pressure, mercury, fluid, pascal, atmospheric, sea level, depth, area, pressure weight, sample gas, pressure pressure, weight fluid, exerted, volume, open, psi, atmosphere, sea, pressure exerted, gauge, closed end, enclosed, pressures, measured, pressure difference, millimeters, volume pressure, millimeters mercury, pressure units, weight, container, atm, torr, pressure versus, column, 11, transmitted, gauge pressure, atmospheres, used measure, hg, elephant, gas pressure, blood pressure, graph, force unit, pressure created, pressure volume] | Manometer | manometer, pressure, atmospheric pressure, mercury, fluid, pascal, atmospheric, sea level, depth, area |
| 15 | 240 | 15_solve_equation_plug_known values | [solve, equation, plug, known values, unknown, equation solve, choose, appropriate, knowns, equations, substitute known, unknowns, quadratic, substitute, known, values, rearrange equation, rearrange, solve unknown, quantities, values equation, use equation, calculations, quantities known, solve equation, quantity, solution solving, identify, problem, best, known quantities, solve problem, equation equation, solving, sin, enter, substituting, equation used, quantities equation, simplify, need solve, identify known, algebra, solved, use, equation solution, determined, cos, need, yields] | Equation Solving | solve, equation, plug, known values, unknown, equation solve, choose, appropriate, knowns, equations |
| 16 | 236 | 16_iron_tin_zinc_rust | [iron, tin, zinc, rust, copper, chromium, ore, metals, electrolysis, metal, iron iii, reduction, ores, aluminum, iii, refining, steel, oxide, ii, iron ii, molten, protection, ii chloride, anode, coating, isolation, oxidized, electrolytic, production, alloys, reducing, alloy, manufacture, metallic, chloride, furnace, active metal, tin iv, sn, cathode, protected, sulfide, come contact, ii oxide, oxides, cobalt, reducing agent, iv, preparation, protective] | Rust | iron, tin, zinc, rust, copper, chromium, ore, metals, electrolysis, metal |
| 17 | 235 | 17_ball_player_football_baseball | [ball, player, football, baseball, basketball, balls, thrown, hit, elbow, height, floor, players, wall, hits, bounces, straight, slides, initial, ground, horizontal, initial velocity, throws, throw, impact, momentum, velocity, initial speed, pitcher, bat, backward, horizontally, sweet, handle, vertical, impulse, professional application, speed, caught, person, venus, professional, exerts force, trajectory, sports, goal, leg, bouncing, hard, dropped, angle] | Sports | ball, player, football, baseball, basketball, balls, thrown, hit, elbow, height |
| 18 | 229 | 18_atp_adp_phosphate_hydrolysis | [atp, adp, phosphate, hydrolysis, atp molecules, phosphate group, triphosphate, phosphorylation, catabolism, phosphate groups, substrate, hydrogen ions, cellular respiration, glucose, respiration, glucose catabolism, cellular, molecule, oxidative, pathways, high energy, energy, atp adp, substrate level, level phosphorylation, mitochondrial, free energy, energy released, catabolic, pi, exergonic, nadh, amp, phosphates, inhibition, atp production, gradient, generated, releases, regeneration, endergonic, reactions, released, chemical energy, mitochondria, intermediate, kcal, pathway, molecules, broken] | Phosphate hydrolysis | atp, adp, phosphate, hydrolysis, atp molecules, phosphate group, triphosphate, phosphorylation, catabolism, phosphate groups |
| 19 | 227 | 19_selection_population_natural selection_genetic | [selection, population, natural selection, genetic, variation, natural, phenotypes, allele, individuals, drift, fitness, variability, alleles, traits, gene pool, populations, phenotype, mutation, genetics, selecting, dependent, phenotypic, frequencies, evolution, individuals population, gene, evolutionary, pool, generation, mutations, environmental, founder, frequency, stabilizing, trait, favors, directional, beneficial, deleterious, individual, genetic makeup, figure 19, survive, fit, makeup, scientists, genetic variation, selective, evolve, 19] | Selection | selection, population, natural selection, genetic, variation, natural, phenotypes, allele, individuals, drift |
| 20 | 226 | 20_population_population growth_growth_age | [population, population growth, growth, age, carrying capacity, human population, individuals, exponential, number individuals, capacity, 45, carrying, mortality, interval, figure 45, countries, resources, populations, birth, mortality rate, size, death, rates, 1000, tables, economically, curve, life, density, human, sheep, ecologists, dying, rate, dynamics, density independent, habitat, growing, surviving, mark, older, environment, individuals population, biotic, developed countries, regulation, changes time, model, particular, decreases] | Population Growth | population, population growth, growth, age, carrying capacity, human population, individuals, exponential, number individuals, capacity |
| 21 | 225 | 21_24 figure_17 figure_23 figure_18 figure | [24 figure, 17 figure, 23 figure, 18 figure, figure, 11 figure, 33 figure, 16 figure, 34 figure, 22 figure, figure 20, figure 29, figure 11, 10 figure, figure 34, 24, figure 24, figure figure, 12 figure, 19 figure, figure 28, 29, 32 figure, 28 figure, figure 30, 15 figure, 21 figure, figure 18, figure 17, 17, 30 figure, 28, 34, 20 figure, 22, 11, 37 figure, 36 figure, figure 13, 20, figure 22, 23, figure 15, 18, 25 figure, figure 23, 21, 14 figure, 30, 35 figure] | Figure | 24 figure, 17 figure, 23 figure, 18 figure, figure, 11 figure, 33 figure, 16 figure, 34 figure, 22 figure |
| 22 | 225 | 22_photosynthesis_light energy_chemical energy_nadph | [photosynthesis, light energy, chemical energy, nadph, sunlight, chlorophyll, dependent, energy sunlight, reactions photosynthesis, photosynthetic, pigment, light, pigments, reactions, cyanobacteria, thylakoid, independent, energy chemical, solar energy, chloroplast, energy sun, energy, obtain energy, organic, vents, energy light, carbon dioxide, atp, inorganic, atmosphere, harvesting, hydrothermal, photosynthetic organisms, convert, chemical, dioxide, build, dioxide water, energy source, organic compounds, organisms, carbohydrate, using light, using energy, hydrothermal vents, cycle, sun, energy make, chemical compounds, carbon] | Photosynthesis | photosynthesis, light energy, chemical energy, nadph, sunlight, chlorophyll, dependent, energy sunlight, reactions photosynthesis, photosynthetic |
| 23 | 224 | 23_orbitals_orbital_atomic orbitals_molecular orbital | [orbitals, orbital, atomic orbitals, molecular orbital, degenerate, molecular, atomic, filling, orbitals orbitals, subshell, overlap, lower energy, bonding, electrons, mixing, higher energy, electrons orbitals, diagrams, orbital energy, subshells, lobes, orbitals atom, combine, combining, fills, oriented, electron, diagram, pairing, phase, energy levels, node, aufbau, atomic orbital, diatomic, filled, electron density, different atoms, clarity, region space, end end, stable, mo, combination, dumbbell, occupy, unpaired, energy orbital, orbital electron, aufbau principle] | Orbitals | orbitals, orbital, atomic orbitals, molecular orbital, degenerate, molecular, atomic, filling, orbitals orbitals, subshell |
| 24 | 224 | 24____ | [, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Unknown Topic | , , , , , , , , , |
| 25 | 223 | 25_harmonic_simple harmonic_pendulum_simple | [harmonic, simple harmonic, pendulum, simple, damping, motion, period, oscillations, 16, uniform circular, amplitude, figure 16, circular motion, acceleration gravity, projection, equilibrium position, oscillating, oscillation, uniform, oscillatory, critically, circular, frequency, bob, oscillate, clock, position, periodic, gravity, equilibrium, suspension, oscillates, undergoes, hooke law, driving, hooke, driven, shadow, amplitudes, resonance, bridge, force constant, displacement, length, driving force, want, acceleration, motion learning, swing, car] | Simple harmonic motion | harmonic, simple harmonic, pendulum, simple, damping, motion, period, oscillations, 16, uniform circular |
| 26 | 222 | 26_phylogenetic_tree_phylogenetic tree_evolutionary | [phylogenetic, tree, phylogenetic tree, evolutionary, relationships, phylogeny, taxonomic, evolutionary relationships, classification, branch, organisms, trees, evolutionary history, taxa, scientists, clade, figure 20, lineages, taxon, ancestor, history, shared, lineage, branches, life, 20, scientists use, life earth, groups, darwin, groups organisms, similarities, systematics, ancestral, evolution, closely related, share, ancestry, evolved, organizing, common ancestor, diagram, traits, trunk, organize, biologists, data, homologous, closely, diverged] | Phylogenetic tree | phylogenetic, tree, phylogenetic tree, evolutionary, relationships, phylogeny, taxonomic, evolutionary relationships, classification, branch |
| 27 | 222 | 27_says_10 10_10_means | [says, 10 10, 10, means, maximum, terms, greater, change, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Maximum Terms | says, 10 10, 10, means, maximum, terms, greater, change, , |
| 28 | 217 | 28_biodiversity_endangered_preserve_species | [biodiversity, endangered, preserve, species, habitat, exotic, critically, endemic, threatened, islands, trade, extinction, 47, vulnerable, international, efforts, island, conservation, ecosystem, restoration, loss, protected, native, wildlife, bird, abundance, threat, diversity, act, listed, species species, protect, invasive, hunting, humans, individual species, planet, vertebrate species, protection, sustainable, relative abundance, political, destruction, niches, richness, protecting, extinct, amphibians, climate change, introduction] | Biodiversity | biodiversity, endangered, preserve, species, habitat, exotic, critically, endemic, threatened, islands |
| 29 | 216 | 29_td_td rowspan_rowspan_rowspan colspan | [td, td rowspan, rowspan, rowspan colspan, colspan, td td, tr, colspan td, tr td, td tr, tr tr, 10 td, table, table tr, tr table, colspan 10, table table, 10, 20 td, colspan 20, mol, 106, water td, 103, 104, colspan 30, 100 td, colspan 100, initial concentration, 00, 20, kg, 100, cl, br, 99, colspan 90, lt, table example, 000, 80, table figure, concentration, table 11, 12, oh, 50, 90, 102, ice table] | Table Rows | td, td rowspan, rowspan, rowspan colspan, colspan, td td, tr, colspan td, tr td, td tr |
| 30 | 216 | 30_stomach_intestine_digestion_digestive | [stomach, intestine, digestion, digestive, esophagus, food, gastric, figure 34, colon, absorption, elimination, mouth, 34, waste, feces, lining, ingestion, saliva, acidic, small, movements, digested, passes, anus, increase surface, enzymes, digest, digestive enzymes, nutrients, organ, begins, hydrochloric acid, hydrochloric, absorbed, intestines, pancreas, oral, waste material, enters, organs, surface area, glands, mucus, tract, lumen, following statements, digestive tract, folds, digested food, cells line] | Digestion | stomach, intestine, digestion, digestive, esophagus, food, gastric, figure 34, colon, absorption |
| 31 | 216 | 31_amino_amino acids_amino acid_acids | [amino, amino acids, amino acid, acids, protein, polypeptide, proteins, folding, chain, carboxyl, peptide, protein structure, group, tertiary, acid, carboxyl group, structure, helix, glycine, sheet, chains, long chain, function, polypeptides, shape, secondary, amine, temperature ph, shock, interactions, subunits, monomer, bond, carboxylic, carboxylic acid, primary secondary, macromolecule, acid group, primary, links, synthesis, sequence, backbone, monomers, groups, bond formed, changes temperature, dehydration, peptides, bonds] | Amino Acids | amino, amino acids, amino acid, acids, protein, polypeptide, proteins, folding, chain, carboxyl |
| 32 | 213 | 32_emf_induced_coil_induction | [emf, induced, coil, induction, flux, faraday, magnetic flux, generator, magnetic, 23, magnetic field, emfs, figure 23, field, rotated, uniform magnetic, opposes, induces, coils, inducing, current, induce, law, peak, transformer, loop, earth field, example 23, change, minus sign, rotating, minus, rotates, perpendicular earth, constant angular, angular velocity, device, generated, sign, magnet, opposing, loops, turn, currents, uniform, turns, oppose, opposition, function time, fourth] | EMF | emf, induced, coil, induction, flux, faraday, magnetic flux, generator, magnetic, 23 |
| 33 | 212 | 33_rate law_rate_rate constant_order | [rate law, rate, rate constant, order, second order, reaction, reaction rate, rate laws, rate reaction, rates, reactant, concentration, half life, reaction rates, reaction order, order rate, law, integrated, plot, overall, orders, laws, step, decomposition, half, instantaneous rate, hydrogen peroxide, example 12, peroxide, constant, respect, overall reaction, second, instantaneous, differential, reactions, 12, mechanism, reactants, data, kinetics, initial concentration, elementary, reaction described, reaction time, concentrations reactants, versus, life, zero, reaction second] | Rate law | rate law, rate, rate constant, order, second order, reaction, reaction rate, rate laws, rate reaction, rates |
| 34 | 212 | 34_lungs_lung_alveoli_airways | [lungs, lung, alveoli, airways, inhalation, exhalation, chest, ventilation, diaphragm, respiratory, air, air lungs, breathing, surface tension, breath, tension, sacs, cavity, collapse, thoracic, intercostal muscles, intercostal, positive pressure, pressure, relax, wall, muscles, asthma, gas exchange, breathe, shunt, expel, volume, anatomical, mismatch, elastic, maximal, surface, pressure inside, negative pressure, residual, diseases, decreases, 39, volume air, contracts, increased, exchange, figure 39, cough] | Lungs | lungs, lung, alveoli, airways, inhalation, exhalation, chest, ventilation, diaphragm, respiratory |
| 35 | 212 | 35_quarks_quark_leptons_mesons | [quarks, quark, leptons, mesons, family, family number, particles, strange, strangeness, substructure, directly observed, 33, strong nuclear, table 33, nuclear force, color, fractional, tau, figure 33, integral, assigned, strong, particle, combinations, carrier particles, fundamental, number, observed, families, white, decay, quantum, proposed, theory, muon, flavor, colors, conserved, carry, feel, carrier, strong force, confinement, indirect, verify, spin, number number, general rule, 1963, conservation] | Family | quarks, quark, leptons, mesons, family, family number, particles, strange, strangeness, substructure |
| 36 | 205 | 36_color_colors_white_vision | [color, colors, white, vision, cones, white light, wavelengths, blue, red, yellow, black, light, green, violet, illuminated, eye, absorbs, visible, perceive, red light, absorption, light color, eyes, theory, pigments, absorb, red green, wavelengths light, pure, dyes, pink, yellow green, various, object, visible wavelengths, spectrum, perceived, radiator, rainbow, types, appears, true, sees, various combinations, discern, blindness, orange, visible light, appear, human eye] | Colors | color, colors, white, vision, cones, white light, wavelengths, blue, red, yellow |
| 37 | 204 | 37_bohr_orbits_model_orbit | [bohr, orbits, model, orbit, hydrogen atom, electron, planetary, atom, hydrogen, nucleus, allowed, orbiting, probability, quantized, ground state, planets, quantum, circular orbit, circular, determine energy, mechanics, radius, clouds, probability finding, electrons, quantum mechanical, energies, energy electron, wavefunction, circular orbits, radii, theory, energy joules, constructive interference, cloud, constructive, finding, quantum mechanics, sun, electron atom, orbital, electrons atoms, 1913, planck constant, planck, classical, constructively, angular momentum, spectrum, schrödinger] | Orbit | bohr, orbits, model, orbit, hydrogen atom, electron, planetary, atom, hydrogen, nucleus |
| 38 | 202 | 38_cell cycle_checkpoint_cycle_tumor | [cell cycle, checkpoint, cycle, tumor, cancer, apoptosis, cell, rb, uncontrolled, regulator, regulators, mutated, cell growth, gene, regulatory, cell death, cell division, normal cells, regulation, division, daughter cells, control, progression, death, mutations, growth, genes, cancerous, proteins, cause cancer, gene expression, damaged, post, daughter, cancer cells, halt, transcriptional control, regulate, altered, inhibitor, cells, transcriptional, kinase, mutation, protein, met, programmed cell, normal, progress, activated] | Cell Cycle Checkpoint | cell cycle, checkpoint, cycle, tumor, cancer, apoptosis, cell, rb, uncontrolled, regulator |
| 39 | 202 | 39_transcription_polymerase_promoter_rna polymerase | [transcription, polymerase, promoter, rna polymerase, transcription factors, rna, initiation, upstream, factors, termination, gene, bind, transcribed, eukaryotic, sequences, transcription factor, site, dna template, genes, binding, box, elongation, promoter region, template, core, sequence, mrna, sites, ii, prokaryotic, subunits, dna, iii, subunit, eukaryotes, transcriptional, activators, region, coding, recruit, protein, proximal, regions, prokaryotes, factor, transcribe, activate, enhance, initiate, binding sites] | Transcription | transcription, polymerase, promoter, rna polymerase, transcription factors, rna, initiation, upstream, factors, termination |
| 40 | 196 | 40_vision_eye_lens_cornea | [vision, eye, lens, cornea, retina, correction, distant, spectacle, lens eye, clearly, nearsightedness, glasses, power, eyes, person, prescription, diopters, laser, corrected, close, correct, lenses, contact, far, near, relaxed, irregularities, image, objects, figure 26, accommodate, focus, converging, clear, 26, distance, normal, layer, procedure, image retina, object, converge, reading, rays, inability, point, diverging, patient, people, distances] | Vision | vision, eye, lens, cornea, retina, correction, distant, spectacle, lens eye, clearly |
| 41 | 185 | 41_coordination_ligands_complexes_ligand | [coordination, ligands, complexes, ligand, metal, octahedral, metal ion, lewis acid, transition, orbitals, lewis, donor, central, splitting, figure 19, crystal, square planar, transition metals, complex, coordinate, 19, transition metal, tetrahedral, ion, electrons orbitals, planar, atomic numbers, spin, geometries, magnetic properties, main group, metal complexes, lewis base, isomer, metals, metal ions, pairing, row, square, atom, electrons, acid base, block, number, sphere, cobalt, ions, field, compounds, period periodic] | Coordination | coordination, ligands, complexes, ligand, metal, octahedral, metal ion, lewis acid, transition, orbitals |
| 42 | 184 | 42_weight_mass_kilogram_mass weight | [weight, mass, kilogram, mass weight, weight object, mass object, masses, object, mass mass, measure mass, kilograms, ton, pounds, measure, gravity, moon, lb, weigh, kg, mass destroyed, acceleration gravity, calculate mass, pound, mass average, force gravity, object mass, ratio mass, scales, object weight, bricks, equal mass, gravitational force, destroyed, weighing, pan, weighs, exactly, feathers, standards, defined, earth, unit mass, national institute, centimeters, different masses, greater density, mass sample, terms mass, kept, pile] | Mass | weight, mass, kilogram, mass weight, weight object, mass object, masses, object, mass mass, measure mass |
| 43 | 183 | 43_exported_expelling_atm_000 000 | [exported, expelling, atm, 000 000, percent, 000, spin, kf, 64, reader, 1n, self, 2n, 54, 55, 45, 10 000, 13, 18, 50, 42, al, torr, 57, 75, 36, whorled, conservative, 23, 1929, 13 12, questions 21, clno, 115, anions, 21 45, 48, 20 40, 22 23, 111, te, cations, 110, 16 13, determine following, 18 22, 25 percent, 100, 30 percent, 12 15] | Exported | exported, expelling, atm, 000 000, percent, 000, spin, kf, 64, reader |
| 44 | 183 | 44_renal_kidney_kidneys_tubule | [renal, kidney, kidneys, tubule, tubules, urine, nephron, medulla, tubular, solutes, capillary network, collecting, osmoregulatory, reabsorption, network, loop, reabsorbed, pyramids, cortex, filtration, arteries, 41, blood, interstitial fluid, pelvis, proximal, afferent, capillary, cortical, interstitial, secretion, figure 41, blood pressure, ascending, filters, capsule, duct, limb, actively, arterioles, ducts, capillaries, electrolytes, wastes, exit, salt, segmental, volume blood, cuboidal, filter] | Kidneys | renal, kidney, kidneys, tubule, tubules, urine, nephron, medulla, tubular, solutes |
| 45 | 178 | 45_moon_orbit_earth_satellites | [moon, orbit, earth, satellites, earth moon, satellite, sun, planet, orbits, planets, acceleration gravity, gravity, argument, laws, acceleration, jupiter, orbiting, centripetal, tidal, simplicity, centripetal acceleration, gravitational, center earth, radius, period, asteroid, based data, planetary, earth gravity, earth surface, average distance, center mass, earth orbit, orbital, center, calculate acceleration, parent, gravitational pull, law, gravitational force, rotation, bodies, earth figure, earth gravitational, tide, calculate magnitude, debris, gravitation, rotates, ratio] | Moon | moon, orbit, earth, satellites, earth moon, satellite, sun, planet, orbits, planets |
| 46 | 178 | 46_isotopes_atomic mass_atomic_mass number | [isotopes, atomic mass, atomic, mass number, neutrons, atomic number, amu, protons, element, average atomic, mass, protons neutrons, number protons, number, neutrons electrons, symbol, atomic masses, isotope, mass atom, number neutrons, masses, average mass, atom, nuclide, boron, mass unit, naturally occurring, mass numbers, unit defined, average, naturally, abundance, notation, neutral, 53, numbers protons, occurring, number atoms, calculate average, numbers, subscript, defined, unified, symbols, electrons, elements, atoms element, symbol element, element atomic, periodic table] | Isotope | isotopes, atomic mass, atomic, mass number, neutrons, atomic number, amu, protons, element, average atomic |
| 47 | 177 | 47_spectra_quantization_quantized_planck | [spectra, quantization, quantized, planck, discrete, spectral, spectrum, quantization energy, lines, series, planck constant, energies, emission, line, blackbody, atoms molecules, energy levels, continuous, wavelengths, em, quantized energy, em radiation, splitting, atomic, energy states, nature matter, uv, integer, wavelength, wave nature, emitted, blackbody radiation, observed, hydrogen gas, hydrogen, experimentally, ir, absorption, atoms, spectrum wavelengths, max, emitting, macroscopic, integers, atomic molecular, levels, magnetic field, constant, light emitted, field applied] | Spectra | spectra, quantization, quantized, planck, discrete, spectral, spectrum, quantization energy, lines, series |
| 48 | 175 | 48_enzyme_enzymes_substrate_active site | [enzyme, enzymes, substrate, active site, substrates, site, inhibition, active, inhibitor, bind, feedback, reactions, binding, inhibitors, fit, catalyze, activation, binds, catalysts, activity, pathway, catalyzes, optimal, conformational, catalyzed, ph, regulated, affinity, metabolic, pathways, enzymatic, activation energy, threonine, activators, cellular, intermediates, specific, increase decrease, reaction, key, transition state, model, chemical reactions, specific enzymes, biochemical reactions, metabolic pathway, metabolic pathways, residues, function, enzyme catalyzes] | Active site | enzyme, enzymes, substrate, active site, substrates, site, inhibition, active, inhibitor, bind |
| 49 | 168 | 49_mirror_mirrors_tracing_focal | [mirror, mirrors, tracing, focal, focal length, image, radius curvature, ray, concave, curvature, figure 25, convex, images, reflected, lenses, rays, 25, flat, image formation, converging, length, spherical, radius, common point, mirror images, parallel axis, lens equations, use ray, point, originate, diverging, locating, parallel rays, virtual, lens, image formed, formed, small compared, approaching, compared, parallel, security, upright, makeup, illustrate, approaches, object, lens mirror, formation, filament] | Mirror | mirror, mirrors, tracing, focal, focal length, image, radius curvature, ray, concave, curvature |
| 50 | 166 | 50_bone_cartilage_spongy_bones | [bone, cartilage, spongy, bones, compact, tissue, marrow, matrix, stresses, bone marrow, figure 38, fracture, ends, connective tissue, 38, bony, connective, ligaments, blood vessels, joints, repair, vessels, cylindrical, plate, months, types cells, collagen, development, exterior, aligned, divide, differentiate, long, compression, fibrous, tendons, mineral, secrete, fibers, shaft, joint, plates, skeletal movement, continues, covered, cells responsible, cells divide, lengthwise, tissue composed, calcification] | Bone tissue | bone, cartilage, spongy, bones, compact, tissue, marrow, matrix, stresses, bone marrow |
| 51 | 165 | 51_joints_joint_bones_synovial | [joints, joint, bones, synovial, figure 38, 38, movement, bone, limb, movements, knee, gliding, hinge, wrist, ankle, fibrous, forearm, flat, cartilaginous, foot, leg, elbow, planar, replacement, pivot, bones figure, surgery, different types, ball, irregular, classified, classification, hip, upper, rounded, shoulder, extension, types, radius, palm, basis, rotational, midline, rotation, vertebrae, divides, fitting, arm, categories, angular] | Joints | joints, joint, bones, synovial, figure 38, 38, movement, bone, limb, movements |
| 52 | 162 | 52_electrode_aq_cathode_anode | [electrode, aq, cathode, anode, redox, potentials, half, standard, standard cell, cell reaction, cell, spontaneous, silver, potential, copper, 2e, electrochemical, 17, half reaction, state conditions, standard state, schematic, reaction, anode cathode, aqueous, nitrate, figure 17, oxidant, copper wire, cu, free energy, reduction, immersed, oxidation, redox reaction, bridge, nonspontaneous, spontaneity, spontaneous reaction, conditions, lead, ii, energy change, reaction spontaneous, couple, inert, zinc, electrolysis, redox reactions, copper ii] | Redox | electrode, aq, cathode, anode, redox, potentials, half, standard, standard cell, cell reaction |
| 53 | 161 | 53_wave_waves_propagation_disturbance | [wave, waves, propagation, disturbance, earthquakes, transverse, longitudinal, water waves, types waves, figure 16, rope, wavelength distance, disturbances, 16, wavelength, travel, wave figure, core, earthquake, waves travel, ocean, adjacent, speed, amplitude, fans, energy wave, consecutive, moves right, shear, moves, swimming pool, troughs, point space, perpendicular direction, points, superposition, pool, rock, wave characteristics, propagate, arrive, distance, distance consecutive, waves having, string, distance source, oscillation, swimming, identical, waves figure] | Waves | wave, waves, propagation, disturbance, earthquakes, transverse, longitudinal, water waves, types waves, figure 16 |
| 54 | 161 | 54_nobel_prize_nobel prize_awarded | [nobel, prize, nobel prize, awarded, chemistry, franklin, ray diffraction, chemist, physics, university, received, contributions, medicine, james, 1962, double helix, helix, shared, pioneering, england, discovery, won, research, ray, win, born, french, physicist, physics chemistry, diffraction, bragg, american, school, van, work, woman, sciences, kinetic theory, walter, 1932, dna, 1953, went, physiology, science, william, worked, cavendish, double, dutch] | Nobel Prize in Chemistry | nobel, prize, nobel prize, awarded, chemistry, franklin, ray diffraction, chemist, physics, university |
| 55 | 161 | 55_membrane_phospholipid_plasma_phospholipids | [membrane, phospholipid, plasma, phospholipids, plasma membrane, hydrophobic, bilayer, plasma membranes, proteins, hydrophilic, membranes, carrier proteins, phospholipid bilayer, mosaic, cell membrane, lipid, exterior, carrier, transport, membrane structure, embedded, attached, carbohydrates, lipids, tails, facilitated, fatty, interior, cholesterol, integral, fatty acid, materials, facing, transport proteins, proteins carbohydrates, phosphate, protein, comprise, inner membrane, fluid, heads, molecules membrane, span, cell, pass, nature, mediterranean, polar, lipid bilayer, proteins lipids] | Membrane | membrane, phospholipid, plasma, phospholipids, plasma membrane, hydrophobic, bilayer, plasma membranes, proteins, hydrophilic |
| 56 | 159 | 56_hemoglobin_oxygen_carbon dioxide_dioxide | [hemoglobin, oxygen, carbon dioxide, dioxide, red blood, blood cells, blood, red, bicarbonate, carbon, transported, figure 39, anemia, carbonic, binds, carbon monoxide, lungs, iron, monoxide, oxygen molecules, subunits, oxygen carbon, 39, pressure oxygen, carrying capacity, affinity, transport, partial pressure, bicarbonate ion, carbonic acid, hemolymph, binding, beta, protein, partial, carried, dissociates, tissues, bind, blood cell, molecules oxygen, carrying, exchange, shaped, amino acid, capacity, ph, poisoning, ligand, cells] | Hemoglobin | hemoglobin, oxygen, carbon dioxide, dioxide, red blood, blood cells, blood, red, bicarbonate, carbon |
| 57 | 156 | 57_osmosis_osmotic_osmotic pressure_osmolarity | [osmosis, osmotic, osmotic pressure, osmolarity, semipermeable, semipermeable membrane, solvent, hypertonic, solute, membrane, hypotonic, reverse, concentration, solution, pure solvent, diffusion, water, fluid, solutes, solvent molecules, osmoregulation, pressure solution, extracellular fluid, pressure, osmotic balance, tonicity, concentrated, electrolytes, pure, high concentration, water potential, membranes, permeable, extracellular, assuming ideal, solution behavior, transport, balance, ideal solution, pure water, low concentration, concentration water, concentration gradient, movement, lower, gradient, salt, solute concentration, figure 11, 12 molecular] | Osmosis | osmosis, osmotic, osmotic pressure, osmolarity, semipermeable, semipermeable membrane, solvent, hypertonic, solute, membrane |
| 58 | 155 | 58_units_si_si units_unit | [units, si, si units, unit, metric, conversion, conversion factor, unit conversion, conversions, quantities, physical quantities, fundamental, factor, convert units, conversion factors, convert, si unit, measurement, unit volume, international, units used, measurements, property, physical, mathematical, matter, computations, english, dimensional, analysis, derived, label, expressed, measured, standards, length mass, desired, length, kilogram, quantity, state matter, liters, calculated, factors, meter, method, prefixes, volume, abbreviated, mathematical approach] | Unit | units, si, si units, unit, metric, conversion, conversion factor, unit conversion, conversions, quantities |
| 59 | 155 | 59_rope_tension_cable_flexible | [rope, tension, cable, flexible, stretch, weight, wire, horizontal, wires, picture, bridge, supported, vertical, motionless, spider, force, nylon, pull, hinges, suspended, weight supported, supporting, tooth, force magnitude, steel, angle horizontal, pulling, ceiling, suspension, length, hang, exerted, traffic, forces acting, pulls, cord, equal weight, supports, force exerted, shown figure, acting, neglecting, direction force, shown, parallel length, equal, string, mountain, force applied, load] | Rope | rope, tension, cable, flexible, stretch, weight, wire, horizontal, wires, picture |
| 60 | 155 | 60_trna_ribosome_mrna_subunit | [trna, ribosome, mrna, subunit, translation, ribosomes, ribosomal, amino acid, amino, site, rrna, pre, initiation, polypeptide, template, binding, peptide, met, rnas, ribosomal rna, protein synthesis, cap, chain, correct, initiation complex, rna, gtp, binds, translated, start, assembly, directly affect, protein, amino acids, synthesis, complex, pairing, elongation, growing, coli, initiating, acid, exit, bond formation, peptide bonds, dissociate, enzymatic, structural, subunits, recognizes] | Ribosome | trna, ribosome, mrna, subunit, translation, ribosomes, ribosomal, amino acid, amino, site |
| 61 | 154 | 61_alzheimer_disorders_symptoms_disease | [alzheimer, disorders, symptoms, disease, patients, disorder, depression, mental, medications, neurons, norepinephrine, brain, therapies, nervous, neurological, cure, loss, inhibitors, acetylcholine, problems, causes, people, behavioral, heart rate, pain, treatment, difficulty, aging, neurotransmitter, death, illnesses, figure 35, patient, attention, drugs, vomiting, syndrome, including, cause, include, fatigue, 35, neuronal, suffer, abdominal, sleep, exocytosis, speech, affected, inhibiting] | Alzheimer's disease | alzheimer, disorders, symptoms, disease, patients, disorder, depression, mental, medications, neurons |
| 62 | 153 | 62_lymphocytes_antigens_apcs_immune | [lymphocytes, antigens, apcs, immune, cells, antigen, infected, helper, figure 42, immune response, cells cells, 42, destroy, embedded, pathogen, adaptive immune, response, bind, ii, immune cells, cell, cells bind, foreign, presenting, adaptive, self, antibodies, stimulate, receptors, activated, proliferate, mediated, cells function, recognize, cells differentiate, kill, cell surface, receptor, antibody, attack, secrete, processed, complementary, macrophages, maturation, innate, respond, detects, stimulated, cells express] | Immunology | lymphocytes, antigens, apcs, immune, cells, antigen, infected, helper, figure 42, immune response |
| 63 | 152 | 63_cubic_unit_centered_corners | [cubic, unit, centered, corners, simple cubic, packed, edge length, face, lattice, edge, sulfide, holes, radii, closest, layer, packing, cell contains, zinc, figure 10, radius, po, occupying, structure, ions, cesium, tetrahedral, cell, metal atoms, chloride ion, atoms, polonium, chloride, ca, simple, faces, 90 td, atoms corners, ionic, repeating, arrangement, ion, 90, length, atom, layers, chloride ions, center, alternating, array, atomic] | Simple cubic | cubic, unit, centered, corners, simple cubic, packed, edge length, face, lattice, edge |
| 64 | 152 | 64_quantum_quantum numbers_spin_quantum number | [quantum, quantum numbers, spin, quantum number, angular momentum, intrinsic, numbers, intrinsic spin, exclusion, exclusion principle, pauli, quantized, pauli exclusion, angular, principal quantum, orbital angular, momentum, spin quantum, orbital, principal, electron spin, projection, momentum quantum, principle, number, allowed values, values, set, allowed, magnetic field, axis, electron, electrons, rules, define, 30, magnetic, electron atom, integer, component, quantization, direction angular, momentum direction, direction, labels, magnitude, hydrogen atom, defines, angles, figure 30] | Quantum Mechanics | quantum, quantum numbers, spin, quantum number, angular momentum, intrinsic, numbers, intrinsic spin, exclusion, exclusion principle |
| 65 | 151 | 65_estrogen_ovaries_testosterone_testes | [estrogen, ovaries, testosterone, testes, ovarian, pituitary, hormones, hormone, anterior pituitary, stimulates, hypothalamus, follicle, reproductive, levels, anterior, release, production, uterine, gonads, cycles, maturation, breast, male, steroid, inhibits, ova, cycle, releasing, females, adolescence, figure 43, female reproductive, increased, egg, steroid hormones, development, spermatogenesis, 43, secretory, hormonal, uterus, high levels, penis, cells produce, sex, inhibited, sperm, reproductive systems, rise, sexual] | Estrogen | estrogen, ovaries, testosterone, testes, ovarian, pituitary, hormones, hormone, anterior pituitary, stimulates |
| 66 | 149 | 66_mosses_ferns_seedless_vascular plants | [mosses, ferns, seedless, vascular plants, fern, bryophytes, vascular, moss, figure 25, plants, club, 25, life cycle, seedless plants, leaves, soil, reproductive cycle, cycle, land, thallus, false, lifecycle, roots, following statements, 25 10, statements, phylum, moisture, erosion, conspicuous, plants produce, damp, non, sporophyte, substrate, considered, gametophyte, tundra, pollution, life, work mariana, villareal, ruiz villareal, mariana ruiz, forests, mariana, ruiz, environments, class, 25 11] | Ferns | mosses, ferns, seedless, vascular plants, fern, bryophytes, vascular, moss, figure 25, plants |
| 67 | 149 | 67_flatworms_phylum_annelids_worms | [flatworms, phylum, annelids, worms, free living, arthropods, ecdysozoa, clade, trochophore, morphology, 28, phyla, figure 28, larvae, marine, includes, parasitic, mollusca, number cells, closely related, freshwater, anatomy, monophyletic, living, digestive, class, terrestrial habitats, mollusks, free, earthworm, proboscis, excretory, closely, muscular, species, dioecious, living species, segment, habitats, morphological, features, animals, fixed number, larval, appendages, alimentary, subclass, orders, terrestrial, invertebrates] | Annelids | flatworms, phylum, annelids, worms, free living, arthropods, ecdysozoa, clade, trochophore, morphology |
| 68 | 146 | 68_heart_arteries_blood_veins | [heart, arteries, blood, veins, valve, blood flow, valves, artery, aorta, vessel, circulation, left, flow, blood pumped, vessels, cardiac, pumps, lungs, pumped, capillary, blood pressure, blood vessel, systemic, beds, blood vessels, blood lungs, rest body, muscle, body, right, arterioles, ventricles, pressure blood, capillaries, figure 40, circulatory, smooth muscle, walls, pressure, drains, cardiac output, pumping, organs, 40, major, membranous, inferior, smooth, heart muscle, forcing] | Heart | heart, arteries, blood, veins, valve, blood flow, valves, artery, aorta, vessel |
| 69 | 146 | 69_entropy_change entropy_disorder_decrease | [entropy, change entropy, disorder, decrease, reversible, microstates, number microstates, process involves, entropy change, increase, surroundings, irreversible, boltzmann, process, state, universe, increases, processes, change, bricks, entropy changes, involves, macrostate, real, substance, state state, boltzmann constant, increase decrease, exothermic process, change process, state function, structured, ordered, measure, hypothetical, tendency, free energy, matter energy, natural logarithm, battle, molecular scale, spontaneous, condition, standard, change free, processes involve, zero, uphill, organisms evolved, yields following] | Entropy | entropy, change entropy, disorder, decrease, reversible, microstates, number microstates, process involves, entropy change, increase |
| 70 | 144 | 70_sequencing_genome_genomics_human genome | [sequencing, genome, genomics, human genome, sequences, mapping, genomes, sequence, dna, genomic, researchers, scientists, analyze, human, biotechnology, dna sequencing, entire, project, information, techniques, dna analysis, sequenced, laboratories, analysis, researchers use, research, blast, study entire, 17, dna sequence, study, automated, science, fragment, different organisms, gene, fragments, sophisticated, genetic, method, geneticists, available, technique, scientists use, scientist, doctors, samples, university, applying, page] | Sequence | sequencing, genome, genomics, human genome, sequences, mapping, genomes, sequence, dna, genomic |
| 71 | 143 | 71_sensory_endings_touch_receptors | [sensory, endings, touch, receptors, stimulus, receptor, skin, adapting, disks, pain, stimuli, encapsulated, sensory receptors, receptive, senses, hairy, vibration, perception, receptors detect, detect, respond, hair, sensation, lips, nerve, figure 36, tactile, 36, deeper, dermis, mucous, sensitive, potentials, rapidly, nervous, stimulation, warmth, somatosensory, internal external, electrical signal, action potentials, stimulated, epidermis, specialized, low frequency, neuron, membranes, encoded, high frequency, joints] | Sensory endings | sensory, endings, touch, receptors, stimulus, receptor, skin, adapting, disks, pain |
| 72 | 143 | 72_cohesive_adhesive_surface tension_adhesive forces | [cohesive, adhesive, surface tension, adhesive forces, tension, cohesive forces, surface, glass, cohesion, forces, adhesion, capillary, liquids, liquid, forces molecules, contact angle, capillary action, liquid surface, paint, surface area, cork, wine, surface liquid, contact, attractive forces, tube, water molecules, mercury, molecules surface, relative strength, bottle, water, glass water, attractive, beads, molecules, crown, molecules cause, action, meniscus, water glass, area, molecules different, molecules liquid, smallest possible, crown glass, contract, angle, relative strengths, drop] | Cohesion | cohesive, adhesive, surface tension, adhesive forces, tension, cohesive forces, surface, glass, cohesion, forces |
| 73 | 141 | 73_significant figures_figures_significant_digit | [significant figures, figures, significant, digit, digits, decimal, number significant, rounding, round, accurate, decimal places, retained, dropped, rounds, significant digits, numbers, multiplication, calculation, answer, measurement, assume, places, addition subtraction, calculations, number, correct number, value, subtraction, measured, express, result, errors, values, notation, nonzero, rounded, 1300, place, perform following, data figure, intermediate, correct, precision, precise, uncertain, exact, subtracting, estimate, report, accuracy precision] | Significant figures | significant figures, figures, significant, digit, digits, decimal, number significant, rounding, round, accurate |
| 74 | 139 | 74_ionic_ionic compounds_compounds_ions | [ionic, ionic compounds, compounds, ions, polyatomic, ionic compound, compound, polyatomic ions, monatomic, ionic molecular, form ions, anion, cation, covalent, compounds contain, metal, negative charges, charges, ionic bonds, negative ions, predict, periodic, molecular compounds, periodic table, cations, formula, nonmetal, binary, ionic covalent, positive ions, alkali, compounds containing, following compounds, covalent ionic, formulas, nonmetals, anions, names, ion, electrically, covalent compounds, nomenclature, group, formula compound, total number, alkaline earth, alkali metals, charge, positive negative, elements] | Ionic Compounds | ionic, ionic compounds, compounds, ions, polyatomic, ionic compound, compound, polyatomic ions, monatomic, ionic molecular |
| 75 | 138 | 75_root_roots_apical_shoot | [root, roots, apical, shoot, stems, tip, growth, shoots, stem, tap, lateral, root systems, tissue, zone, vascular, plant, monocots, grow, fibrous, vascular tissue, cell division, water minerals, secondary, monocot, elongation, primary, gravitropism, minerals, division, woody, figure 30, soil, permanent, dividing, leaves, cork, maturation, actively, underground, thickness, increase, tips, parts, reproductive parts, dicots, 30, undifferentiated, minerals soil, plants, zones] | Roots, stems, shoots | root, roots, apical, shoot, stems, tip, growth, shoots, stem, tap |
| 76 | 137 | 76_displacement_distance traveled_traveled_finish | [displacement, distance traveled, traveled, finish, distance, magnitude, east, displacements, total distance, vector, walk, north east, start, trip, position, total, north, path, graphically, direction displacement, city, magnitude direction, walking, initial position, represent, legs, vectors, dock, representing, round trip, distance distance, direction north, marks, arrow, head tail, final position, 57, direction, leg, kinematics, direction magnitude, having magnitude, positions, vector addition, graphical, east north, position object, greater magnitude, displacement velocity, resultant] | Distance traveled | displacement, distance traveled, traveled, finish, distance, magnitude, east, displacements, total distance, vector |
| 77 | 137 | 77_molarity_molar solubility_solute_solution | [molarity, molar solubility, solute, solution, molar, molality, solubility, percentage, moles, solute solution, concentration, solubility product, solution mass, mole fraction, solvent, mole, number moles, calculate molar, mass, solution solution, liter, solution volume, concentrations, units, solution concentration, mass percentage, mass solution, following solutions, parts billion, dissolution, glucose, volume, mol, fraction, check learning, glycol, parts million, calculate, solution density, definition, water solution, soft drink, sucrose, ethylene glycol, unit, check, product, solution water, formula mass, units used] | Molarity | molarity, molar solubility, solute, solution, molar, molality, solubility, percentage, moles, solute solution |
| 78 | 137 | 78_equilibrium_condition_statics_torque | [equilibrium, condition, statics, torque, pencil, displaced, strategies, stable, problem solving, displacements, unstable, force torque, solving strategies, pivot, static, direction displacement, pivot point, solving, achieve, satisfied, dynamic, net, stability, stable unstable, equilibrium state, dynamic equilibrium, second, torques, problem, state equilibrium, net external, experiences, net force, applications, center gravity, neutral, original position, solving strategy, counterclockwise, displacement, equilibrium figure, special case, necessary, able state, disturbance, zero, newton laws, constant velocity, situations, motionless] | Equilibrium | equilibrium, condition, statics, torque, pencil, displaced, strategies, stable, problem solving, displacements |
| 79 | 137 | 79_sulfur_sulfide_hydrogen sulfide_sulfur dioxide | [sulfur, sulfide, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid, sulfuric, sulfates, trioxide, acid, volcanic, oxidizes, dioxide, hydrogen, oxidation, atmosphere, oxidizing, deposits, weathering, oxidize, disulfide, preparation, concentrated, geothermal, 18 10, natural gas, forms, group 16, oxygen, oxidation state, dissolves water, vents, agent, sulfate, figure 46, agents, nitric acid, burning, preparation properties, salts, melts, nitric, carbon disulfide, figure 18, oxidizing agent, occurrence preparation, volcanic activity, acid forms, hydrogen compounds, burning fossil, acid shown] | Volcanic | sulfur, sulfide, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid, sulfuric, sulfates, trioxide, acid, volcanic |
| 80 | 135 | 80_answer_increase__ | [answer, increase, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Answer | answer, increase, , , , , , , , |
| 81 | 135 | 81_intermolecular_dispersion forces_liquids_dispersion | [intermolecular, dispersion forces, liquids, dispersion, intermolecular forces, solids, forces, attractive forces, liquid, solid, attractive, london, atoms molecules, attractions, imfs, solids liquids, molecules, gases, liquid solid, solid liquid, forces hold, intermolecular attractive, phase, liquid gas, intermolecular attractions, liquids solids, molecular, liquids gases, physical properties, liquid phase, condensed, low melting, gas liquid, substance, experience, weakest, properties, molecules liquid, contact, atoms, pentane, weak, phases, vapor pressures, weaker, close, molecular theory, kinetic molecular, stronger, gas] | Intermolecular forces | intermolecular, dispersion forces, liquids, dispersion, intermolecular forces, solids, forces, attractive forces, liquid, solid |
| 82 | 132 | 82_receptors_signaling_ligand_signal | [receptors, signaling, ligand, signal, cell surface, receptor, intracellular, extracellular, surface receptors, domain, downstream, extracellular matrix, matrix, cellular, binds, linked, events, binding, bind, signal transduction, dimerization, ligands, signaling molecules, membrane, protein, cell, target, transduction, response, transmit, enzyme, interact, binds receptor, proteins, signaling pathway, signaling pathways, surface, activate, target cell, target cells, multicellular organisms, communication, signal cell, cascade, signaling cells, signals, domains, signaling cascade, transmembrane, plasma membrane] | Receptors | receptors, signaling, ligand, signal, cell surface, receptor, intracellular, extracellular, surface receptors, domain |
| 83 | 132 | 83_polarization_polarized_filter_filters | [polarization, polarized, filter, filters, reflected, light reflected, light, axis, angle, figure 27, intensity, 27, em wave, passing, direction, refracted, original, intensity light, parallel, completely, scattering, axes, light passing, em, passed, perpendicular, original value, scattered, horizontally, rotate, vertically, reflection, crystals, parallel axis, wave, said, reflective, preferentially, crystal, interface, blocked, sky, incident, axis perpendicular, aligned, reflects light, attribute, original direction, rotated, component] | Polarization | polarization, polarized, filter, filters, reflected, light reflected, light, axis, angle, figure 27 |
| 84 | 131 | 84_explain explain_explain_doing_leaves | [explain explain, explain, doing, leaves, gives, 15, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Explain | explain explain, explain, doing, leaves, gives, 15, , , , |
| 85 | 130 | 85_shock_hazards_safety_hazard | [shock, hazards, safety, hazard, electrical, currents, wire, fuses, circuit, insulation, duration, ground, wires, appliance, thermal, volts, devices, earth, hazardous, good conductor, human body, high voltage, excessive, 20 electric, person, live, current, case, conductor, interrupt, electric, safe, neutral, worn, hot neutral, user, hot, effects, ma, voltage, figure 23, prevent, 23, systems, good, path, burns, isn, electric current, current passes] | Hazard | shock, hazards, safety, hazard, electrical, currents, wire, fuses, circuit, insulation |
| 86 | 130 | 86_balanced_write balanced_balanced equation_equation reaction | [balanced, write balanced, balanced equation, equation reaction, write, equations, net ionic, equation, balanced chemical, balance, following reactions, chemical equations, reactions, yes td, half reactions, unbalanced, coefficients, yes, reaction, sides equation, ionic, chemical equation, ionic equation, equal numbers, simplify, numbers atoms, balancing, following equations, basic solution, following, products, chemical, sides, add, half reaction, complete, added solution, reactant, td td, net, acidic, half, complete ionic, coefficient, write equations, write equation, element, reactants, strontium, solution] | Balanced Chemical Equation | balanced, write balanced, balanced equation, equation reaction, write, equations, net ionic, equation, balanced chemical, balance |
| 87 | 129 | 87_forms energy_energy work_energy_energy energy | [forms energy, energy work, energy, energy energy, forms, transformation, energy transfer, work, work energy, energy forms, form energy, does energy, different forms, doing work, doing, converted, energy lost, useful, energy important, waste heat, machine, available work, energy available, transfers, insights, changed, energy use, transfer energy, energy expended, energy useful, types energy, final result, type energy, terms energy, types, energy created, energy type, deal, energy converted, energy involved, expended, different energy, transfer, used work, transfers energy, created destroyed, available, lost, energy resources, transferred] | Forms of Energy | forms energy, energy work, energy, energy energy, forms, transformation, energy transfer, work, work energy, energy forms |
| 88 | 129 | 88_coffee_calories_bomb_cup | [coffee, calories, bomb, cup, heat, heat capacity, energy content, burned, chemical physical, capacity, specific heat, heat produced, spoon, used measure, absorbed, degree celsius, kcal, content, foods, energy needed, determine heat, nutritional, measure, gram, food, measured, temperature, degree, physical change, dietary, heat water, accurate, combustion, calibration, chemical reaction, raise, cups, celsius, physical, chemical, temperature increases, assume, enthalpy, temperature water, determine energy, energy, insulated, external environment, heat required, constant volume] | Energy Content | coffee, calories, bomb, cup, heat, heat capacity, energy content, burned, chemical physical, capacity |
| 89 | 129 | 89_drug_drugs_medicines_pharmaceutical | [drug, drugs, medicines, pharmaceutical, pain, medicine, chemist, chemists, synthetic, cancer, design, treat, treatment, anti, developed, soybeans, effective, weight loss, synthesize, medications, medication, new drugs, market, plant, used, trials, versions, aspirin, clinical, new, bark, treating, used treat, laboratory, extract, compounds, synthesized, centuries, approved, arthritis, hair loss, remedy, natural sources, negative effects, extracts, 1960s, plants used, testing, cultures, ancient times] | Drugs | drug, drugs, medicines, pharmaceutical, pain, medicine, chemist, chemists, synthetic, cancer |
| 90 | 129 | 90_nitrogen_fixation_atmospheric nitrogen_nodules | [nitrogen, fixation, atmospheric nitrogen, nodules, ammonia, cyanobacteria, bacteria, symbiotic, soil, fix, atmospheric, gaseous nitrogen, legume, biological, prokaryotes, fixed, nitrogen gas, nucleic acids, nucleic, biologically, organic, bacterium, organism, living, intake, proteins nucleic, roots, exclusively, agriculture, fertilizers, atmosphere, specialized structures, important, important source, nitrogen containing, nitrogen soil, ammonium, acids proteins, grows, free living, usable, nitrate, terrestrial ecosystems, microbial, organisms, howard, living organisms, disease, available, organic compounds] | Nitrogen fixation | nitrogen, fixation, atmospheric nitrogen, nodules, ammonia, cyanobacteria, bacteria, symbiotic, soil, fix |
| 91 | 129 | 91_laser_lasers_cd_laser beam | [laser, lasers, cd, laser beam, laser light, surgery, stimulated, ruby, lawrence, output, emits, emission, wavelength, powerful, disk, read, beam, burn, infrared, figure 30, pulse, player, intense, bits, produce high, spacing, high quality, ns, focused, information, amplification, light, photons, semiconductor, power, radiation, power output, brief, used, digital, produce, today, fusion, integrated concepts, beams, ray, ultraviolet, national, electromagnetic radiation, enhance] | Laser | laser, lasers, cd, laser beam, laser light, surgery, stimulated, ruby, lawrence, output |
| 92 | 126 | 92_ice_melt_melts_soda | [ice, melt, melts, soda, freeze, freezing, condensation, freezes, melting, liquid water, drying, frozen, heat transferred, foods, cube, snow, energy removed, biological cells, water, cream, absorbing, drink, temperature, dried, soft drink, heat, liquid, condense, transferred, stays, glass, check understanding, evaporate, surroundings, biological, thermal equilibrium, bag, temperatures, rupture, need solve, winter, equilibrium temperature, soft, constant rate, condenses, insulated, removed, ice table, vacuum, temperature heat] | Melting | ice, melt, melts, soda, freeze, freezing, condensation, freezes, melting, liquid water |
| 93 | 126 | 93_males_females_mating_mate | [males, females, mating, mate, sex, male, mates, female, selection, sexual, bigger, males females, orange, blue, select, elaborate, yellow, offspring, compete, choose, selected, reproductive, success, traits, partners, eggs, hypothesis, determination, male female, alpha, turtles, individuals, display, attract, variability, parental care, figure 45, resource, displays, beats, species, fit, temperature dependent, pouch, temperature range, winner, populations, 19 10, larger, showed] | Mating | males, females, mating, mate, sex, male, mates, female, selection, sexual |
| 94 | 125 | 94_orbitals_hybrid_overlap_orbital | [orbitals, hybrid, overlap, orbital, atomic orbitals, bond, bonds, unhybridized, form bonds, unhybridized orbitals, hybrid orbital, overlap orbitals, carbon atom, valence, sp, atomic, electron density, bonding, hybridization, hybridized, axis, molecular orbital, combining, set, end end, arrangement, orbitals orbitals, bond theory, valence bond, trigonal, multiple bonds, atom form, atom, bonds bonds, formed, bond bond, oriented, form, node, consist, oxygen atom, carbon, bonds formed, trigonal planar, creates, theory, carbon atoms, orbitals atom, molecular, half filled] | Orbitals | orbitals, hybrid, overlap, orbital, atomic orbitals, bond, bonds, unhybridized, form bonds, unhybridized orbitals |
| 95 | 123 | 95_dalton_atomic_substructure_ideas | [dalton, atomic, substructure, ideas, theory, matter, discovery, atoms, atom, greek, smallest, atomic structure, smallest unit, existence, atom electrons, atom smallest, properties, chemical change, protons neutrons, postulates, violate, 30, ethers, elements, direct evidence, neutrons electrons, ancient, alcohols, century, postulate, john, composed, substructure matter, various combinations, properties matter, experiments, basic structure, following chemical, titanium, atoms elements, neutrons, nucleus, protons, evidence, basic, nucleus atom, explained, air water, building blocks, english] | Atomic Structure | dalton, atomic, substructure, ideas, theory, matter, discovery, atoms, atom, greek |
| 96 | 123 | 96_average kinetic_speeds_molecules_kinetic | [average kinetic, speeds, molecules, kinetic, average, distribution, kinetic energy, atoms molecules, mean, gas molecules, translational kinetic, molecules gas, ke, speed, gas, temperature, square, molecular, molecule, absolute temperature, temperature average, energy atoms, random, translational, root, kinetic energies, average speed, rms, absolute, diffuse, gaseous, different temperatures, boltzmann, molecule average, thermal energy, high concentration, 12 15, energies, temperature substance, energy molecules, higher, maxwell, gases, molecular mass, dispersal, thermal, proportional, heavier, atoms, dye] | Kinetic Energy | average kinetic, speeds, molecules, kinetic, average, distribution, kinetic energy, atoms molecules, mean, gas molecules |
| 97 | 123 | 97_engine_carnot_heat engine_efficiency | [engine, carnot, heat engine, efficiency, engines, carnot engine, heat engines, heat, cyclical, reservoir, heat transfer, transfer, steam, figure 15, operating, reversible, transfer work, theoretical, cold, processes, perfect, cycle, efficient, employing, work output, temperatures, hot, maximum, law thermodynamics, 15, dissipative, thermodynamics, work heat, transfer environment, second law, absolute, gasoline, clausius, work, backward, turbines, real, operates, stroke, exhaust, output, possible, car, transfer heat, hot cold] | Efficiency | engine, carnot, heat engine, efficiency, engines, carnot engine, heat engines, heat, cyclical, reservoir |
| 98 | 122 | 98_muscles_forearm_leg_joints | [muscles, forearm, leg, joints, muscle, posture, upper, limbs, hips, exert, forces torques, tendon, upper body, load, arm, forces, cg, lever, weight, torques, weight supported, book, lower leg, elbow, exerted, forces exerted, bad, skeletal muscles, tendons, strain, muscles bones, knee, pivot, torque, supported, walking, joint, body weight, advantages, vertebrae, center gravity, bones, perpendicular lever, mechanical, exercise, person, force exerted, exerts, exerting, attached] | Muscles | muscles, forearm, leg, joints, muscle, posture, upper, limbs, hips, exert |
| 99 | 121 | 99_nozzle_hose_flow rate_flow | [nozzle, hose, flow rate, flow, tube, fluid, rate, radius, diameter, incompressible, 12, cm diameter, sectional area, bernoulli, example 12, emerges, 00 cm, cross sectional, sectional, speed, faucet, figure 12, garden, pipe, viscous, pressure, pressure drops, narrows, cm, viscous fluid, 12 calculating, flows, atmospheric, stream, fluid flow, atmospheric pressure, velocity, relation, negligible, laminar flow, yields substituting, height, viscosity, values discussion, inside, terms energy, volume fluid, negligible resistance, flow water, 00] | Flow rate | nozzle, hose, flow rate, flow, tube, fluid, rate, radius, diameter, incompressible |
| 100 | 120 | 100_db_sound intensity_sound_intensity | [db, sound intensity, sound, intensity, level, hearing, threshold, intense, hz, intensities, sounds, squared, watts, table 17, colspan 10, 17 sound, audible, 17, speaker, levels, hear, 90, meter, 10 td, frequencies, figure 17, noise, barely, 70, 60, quiet, 10, frequency, normal, damage, loudness, 4000, perceive, ears, ear, range, 120, tr, corresponds, graph figure, volume measured, tr td, conversation, 67, lowest] | Intensity | db, sound intensity, sound, intensity, level, hearing, threshold, intense, hz, intensities |
| 101 | 118 | 101_illustrated figure_illustrated_figure figure_figure | [illustrated figure, illustrated, figure figure, figure, figure 20, figure 21, 27, figure 27, situation shown, shown figure, 21, 20 figure, 21 figure, figure 33, figure 16, shown, 13 figure, consider, figure 25, results example, examples figure, illustration, situation, representation, 19, entering values, module, figure 19, 20, set point, 31 figure, 32 figure, 23 10, 25 figure, figure 15, 26, 15 figure, 23 figure, figure 12, 19 figure, figure 18, 25, thomson, 10 figure, 33, figure 11, 16, illustrates, figure 23, 32] | Sure, the label for this topic is "Illustrated Figure". | illustrated figure, illustrated, figure figure, figure, figure 20, figure 21, 27, figure 27, situation shown, shown figure |
| 102 | 117 | 102_uncertainty_measurement_precision_accuracy | [uncertainty, measurement, precision, accuracy, measurements, accuracy precision, precise, uncertainties, measuring, accurate, paper, precision measuring, measured, percent, tool, repeated, length, width, value, results measurements, significant figures, figures, quantities, measure, uncertain, ruler, counting, significant, quantity, refers, inches, calculated, values, accepted value, cough, close, certainty, contributing, syrup, calculate percent, millimeter, volumes, stick, results, agreement, observation, differing, alters, agree, nearest] | Uncertainty | uncertainty, measurement, precision, accuracy, measurements, accuracy precision, precise, uncertainties, measuring, accurate |
| 103 | 116 | 103_water molecule_water molecules_polar_hydrogen bonds | [water molecule, water molecules, polar, hydrogen bonds, hydrogen bonding, hydrogen, water, molecules, polar molecules, bonding, molecule, dipole, polar molecule, bonds, polarity, dipole dipole, attracted, dipole attraction, negative charge, partial, hydrophobic, hydrogen oxygen, oxygen, atoms oxygen, molecules figure, molecules hydrogen, covalent bonds, slightly, liquid water, separation charge, oxygen atom, charge, water high, molecule hydrogen, hydrogen bond, high heat, molecule water, covalent, hydrogen atoms, properties water, inherent, form water, molecules water, charges, positive charge, molecules form, liquids, bonded, character, negative] | Water Molecule | water molecule, water molecules, polar, hydrogen bonds, hydrogen bonding, hydrogen, water, molecules, polar molecules, bonding |
| 104 | 115 | 104_friction_static_friction force_frictional | [friction, static, friction force, frictional, surfaces, coefficient, normal force, frictional force, opposes, kinetic, contact, opposes motion, force, atomic scale, magnitude, motion, simpler, normal, coefficient friction, friction negligible, objects, force friction, applied force, moving relative, motion friction, maximum value, object, frictionless surface, force area, attempted, coefficients, negligible, assume, total force, materials, touching, scale, relative motion, object moving, behaves, sliding, stationary, equal opposite, characteristics, slow, frictionless, past, opposite, losses, moving] | Friction | friction, static, friction force, frictional, surfaces, coefficient, normal force, frictional force, opposes, kinetic |
| 105 | 115 | 105_insulin_glucose levels_glucose_pancreas | [insulin, glucose levels, glucose, pancreas, levels, diabetes, blood, high blood, urine, release, cells release, meal, regulate blood, figure 37, beta, hormone, patients, stimulates, rise, negative feedback, sugar, 37, cells, endocrine cells, failure, increase blood, liver, glycogen, pancreatic, clusters, feedback, endocrine, response, triggers, regulate, levels blood, levels increase, mediated, concentration blood, alpha, lifestyle, homeostatic, healthy, muscle cells, body cells, later use, low blood, produced, sudden, eaten] | Insulin and Glucose | insulin, glucose levels, glucose, pancreas, levels, diabetes, blood, high blood, urine, release |
| 106 | 115 | 106_momentum_momentum conserved_conserved_conservation momentum | [momentum, momentum conserved, conserved, conservation momentum, linear momentum, total momentum, conservation, force zero, linear, external force, net external, zero, external, mass velocity, mass multiplied, momentum defined, zero total, collisions, change momentum, net, subatomic, collision, velocity momentum, total, relativistic momentum, subatomic particles, principle, projectile, classical physics, elephant, momentum given, multiplied, vertical direction, energy conserved, resistance negligible, objects, particles, dimension, axis, mass momentum, classical, momentum change, hunter, vertical, law conservation, momentum does, football, isolated, time later, physics] | Conservation of Linear Momentum | momentum, momentum conserved, conserved, conservation momentum, linear momentum, total momentum, conservation, force zero, linear, external force |
| 107 | 114 | 107_rocket_rockets_thrust_exhaust | [rocket, rockets, thrust, exhaust, sled, fuel, shuttle, greater acceleration, acceleration, space shuttle, engines, propulsion, ejected, velocity, space, professional application, takeoff, throws, professional, burns, backward, forward, accelerates, gases, subjects, airplanes, reaction force, launch, greater, mass, application, relative, calculate increase, kg, gravity, flights, propelled, earth velocity, deceleration, relative earth, velocity mass, accelerates rate, space probe, jet, propel, faster, moon, high speeds, magnitude acceleration, misconception] | Thrust | rocket, rockets, thrust, exhaust, sled, fuel, shuttle, greater acceleration, acceleration, space shuttle |
| 108 | 114 | 108_graph_slope_vs_versus time | [graph, slope, vs, versus time, versus, position, graphs, time, jet, velocity, acceleration, tangent, curve, graphed, position velocity, figure 46, curve figure, velocity acceleration, instantaneous, powered, time velocity, line, time given, feynman, 46, horizontal axis, straight line, car, graphed figure, average velocity, graph figure, verify, straight, taking, axis, change time, function time, plotted, obtained, constant, time figure, sketch, 49, slope line, figure 48, slopes, run, charts, linear, general relationship] | Slope | graph, slope, vs, versus time, versus, position, graphs, time, jet, velocity |
| 109 | 114 | 109_figure 22_figure 28_figure 29_figure | [figure 22, figure 28, figure 29, figure, 22, 28, 31 figure, 29, figure 23, figure 18, 30 figure, 39, 57, 56, figure 21, 13 figure, figure 30, 18, 23, 61, 27 figure, 21, 59, 31, 30, 32 figure, paramecium, 20 figure, 28 figure, 49, 53, 55, 60, 19, 19 figure, 11 figure, figure 19, 47, 67, 66, 41, 46, 62, 50, figure 14, 58, 19 28, 32, 51, 38] | Figure | figure 22, figure 28, figure 29, figure, 22, 28, 31 figure, 29, figure 23, figure 18 |
| 110 | 113 | 110_acceleration_average acceleration_change velocity_deceleration | [acceleration, average acceleration, change velocity, deceleration, acceleration acceleration, constant acceleration, velocity, velocity acceleration, negative, direction opposite, opposite, direction velocity, direction change, decelerating, direction, opposite direction, acceleration gravity, velocity changes, average, initial velocity, magnitude acceleration, accelerating, constant, acceleration velocity, initial, acceleration given, direction acceleration, acceleration time, velocity change, velocity constant, velocity time, change time, given initial, final position, downward, direction motion, slowing, opposite signs, gravity, final, determine change, speed direction, change, motion, speeding, time, interval, situations, final velocity, acceleration zero] | Acceleration | acceleration, average acceleration, change velocity, deceleration, acceleration acceleration, constant acceleration, velocity, velocity acceleration, negative, direction opposite |
| 111 | 113 | 111_ear_middle ear_middle_hearing | [ear, middle ear, middle, hearing, vibrations, inner, sound, ossicles, oval, sound wave, ears, window, canal, bones, auditory, sounds, nerve, loss, speech, vibrate, implant, impulses, nerves, transmits, sound waves, figure 36, different regions, wave, implants, converts, hair cells, mechanical, bone, electrical signal, stereocilia, membrane, sending, resulting, waves, fluid filled, outer, damage, 36, hair, signals, send, figure 17, frogs, fluid, following types] | Ear | ear, middle ear, middle, hearing, vibrations, inner, sound, ossicles, oval, sound wave |
| 112 | 113 | 112_xylem_phloem_xylem phloem_vascular | [xylem, phloem, xylem phloem, vascular, vascular tissue, tissue, transports, mesophyll, bundle, sap, lignin, sucrose, photosynthates, tracheids, sink, companion, water minerals, walls, epidermis, cell walls, minerals, pith, tube, vessels, dermal tissue, cells, water potential, dermal, sugars, transport water, cohesion, adhesion, conductive, leaf, plant, ground tissue, parenchyma, conducting, figure 30, cells called, root, transport, maturity, water nutrients, roots, wood, water, elements, leaves, actively] | Vascular tissue | xylem, phloem, xylem phloem, vascular, vascular tissue, tissue, transports, mesophyll, bundle, sap |
| 113 | 112 | 113_boiling_boiling point_freezing point_freezing | [boiling, boiling point, freezing point, freezing, point, boiling points, solution behavior, ideal solution, point elevation, elevation, assuming ideal, benzene, points, nonvolatile, vapor pressure, pure solvent, depression, dipole, solution, solvent, nonelectrolyte, ideal, vapor, behavior, solute, assuming, use information, example 11, dipole dipole, point water, temperature vapor, check learning, ethanol, example 10, pure, pressure equal, attractions, 10 24, atmospheric pressure, hcl, 11, check, dipole attractions, concentration solute, highest, pressure, figure 10, pressure solution, lowest, normal] | Boiling Point | boiling, boiling point, freezing point, freezing, point, boiling points, solution behavior, ideal solution, point elevation, elevation |
| 114 | 112 | 114_eggs_fertilization_egg_yolk | [eggs, fertilization, egg, yolk, sperm, embryo, fertilized, female, females, reproduction, males, reproductive, offspring, egg sperm, external, fertilization occurs, sac, assists, birth, hormone, fertilized egg, sexual, uterus, males females, asexual, release, asexual reproduction, internal, fertilize, sexual reproduction, semen, developing embryo, develops, developing, labia, development, genetically, receiving, follicle, growing, folds, survival, outside, develop, retained, provides, male, insects, animals, produce genetically] | Fertilization | eggs, fertilization, egg, yolk, sperm, embryo, fertilized, female, females, reproduction |
| 115 | 112 | 115_newton_law motion_newton second_newton law | [newton, law motion, newton second, newton law, newton laws, laws motion, second law, motion, law, external force, net external, laws, external, second, net, problem solving, solve problems, solving strategy, change momentum, dynamics, solving, force, experiences force, apply newton, magnitude opposite, forces, force newton, proportional mass, force equal, steps problem, symmetry, inertia, equal magnitude, explicitly follow, follow steps, force mass, explicitly, problems, acceleration, momentum, stated, exerts, stated terms, states, problem, concept, force equals, equals change, proportional, apply] | Newton's Laws | newton, law motion, newton second, newton law, newton laws, laws motion, second law, motion, law, external force |
| 116 | 111 | 116_extinction_extinctions_mass extinction_extinct | [extinction, extinctions, mass extinction, extinct, asteroid, years ago, ago, estimates, million, percent, geological, million years, 000 years, history, years, event, occurred, cretaceous, fossil record, record, iridium, 000, events, rates, loss, species, periods, impact, spike, period, contemporary, extant, fossil, earth history, giant, marine species, recent, marine, climate change, losses, 50 percent, estimated, recovery, extant species, biodiversity, time period, 1500, mass, global warming, understood] | Extinction | extinction, extinctions, mass extinction, extinct, asteroid, years ago, ago, estimates, million, percent |
| 117 | 110 | 117_dinosaurs_birds_bird_reptiles | [dinosaurs, birds, bird, reptiles, modern, archaeopteryx, cretaceous, million years, triassic, evolved, feathers, descendants, clade, cretaceous period, avian, gave rise, million, hip, lineage, years ago, fossils, 145, ago, 230, ancestors, flying, extant, gave, flight, mya, eating, groups, period, diverged, descended, extinction, turtles, late, extinct, includes, ancestor, parental care, species classified, years, 29, lizards, group, clades, figure 29, dominant] | Evolution of Birds and Dinosaurs | dinosaurs, birds, bird, reptiles, modern, archaeopteryx, cretaceous, million years, triassic, evolved |
| 118 | 110 | 118_collision_internal kinetic_elastic_collisions | [collision, internal kinetic, elastic, collisions, kinetic energy, kinetic, internal, dimensional, dimension, perfectly, point masses, masses, objects, dimensions, initially rest, colliding, conservation, velocities, energy lost, conserved, momentum, energy changes, stick, initially, cos, equal mass, conservation momentum, extended, energy, lost, cos cos, use equations, cube, initial, final velocities, momentum conservation, taking account, final velocity, happens, bodies, object, energy heat, total momentum, unchanged, energy conserved, energy available, massive, energy figure, coordinate, energy does] | Collision | collision, internal kinetic, elastic, collisions, kinetic energy, kinetic, internal, dimensional, dimension, perfectly |
| 119 | 110 | 119_buoyant_buoyant force_submerged_floats | [buoyant, buoyant force, submerged, floats, float, sink, floating, weight, object, steel, fluid, displaced, weight object, object weight, boat, density, force weight, volume water, density object, average density, fraction, log, force object, cork, sinks, gravity, ship, force, suspended, weight fluid, freshwater, fluid figure, figure 11, force equals, supported, submarine, water, woman, weight supported, volume, equal weight, specific, denser, equals, force equal, displace, water body, force greater, needle, placed water] | Buoyancy | buoyant, buoyant force, submerged, floats, float, sink, floating, weight, object, steel |
| 120 | 110 | 120_isomers_cis_trans_isomer | [isomers, cis, trans, isomer, geometric, double bond, methyl, butane, optical, write lewis, mirror images, double, structural, lewis structures, lewis, configuration, different atoms, write, structures, spatial, ligand, groups, differ, arrangement, bond, formula, arrangement atoms, carbons, different chemical, different, mirror, opposite sides, atoms, images, coordination, lewis structure, placement, chemical formula, ligands, figure 19, connected, double bonds, atoms connected, 19 21, bonds, molecule, complexes, structures figure, propene, molecular formula] | Isomers | isomers, cis, trans, isomer, geometric, double bond, methyl, butane, optical, write lewis |
| 121 | 110 | 121_pollination_flowers_pollinators_flower | [pollination, flowers, pollinators, flower, pollen, scent, wind, attract, insects, bee, bats, birds, flowering, flowering plants, insect, stigma, self, bird, hummingbirds, brightly colored, cross, figure 32, brightly, moth, plants, colors, colored, agents, flies, butterflies, adapted, 32, plant, coevolved, guide, transferred, hummingbird, night, wind water, coevolution, australian, pale, rich, usually, borne, mature, strong, appearance, adaptations, genetic diversity] | Pollination | pollination, flowers, pollinators, flower, pollen, scent, wind, attract, insects, bee |
| 122 | 109 | 122_histone_nucleosomes_chromatin_epigenetic | [histone, nucleosomes, chromatin, epigenetic, dna, proteins dna, methylation, modifications, proteins, chromosomal, acetyl groups, packing, tightly, transcriptional, methylated, changes, wrapped, acetyl, silencing, genes, proteins form, wound, gene expression, complex called, packaged, cancer cells, groups, region, dna molecule, alter, beads, gene, figure 16, transcription, cancer, expression, spaced, fiber, access, string, compacted, associates, complexes, regions, turned, open closed, methyl, new drugs, removal, eukaryotic] | Epigenetic | histone, nucleosomes, chromatin, epigenetic, dna, proteins dna, methylation, modifications, proteins, chromosomal |
| 123 | 107 | 123_protists_protist_parasites_23 | [protists, protist, parasites, 23, amoeba, animals fungi, common ancestor, animals plants, plants animals, figure 23, fungi, parasitic, unicellular, ancestor, eukaryotes, kingdom, animals, cell structure, multicellular, groups, believed, heterotrophic, ecological, plants fungi, plants, land plants, evolutionary relationships, includes, morphological, life cycles, organisms, eukaryotic, diversity, varied, crops, relationships, infect, characteristics, access multimedia, multimedia content, multimedia, single celled, books biology, biology 2e, groove, classified, celled, presently, multinucleate, motile] | Parasites | protists, protist, parasites, 23, amoeba, animals fungi, common ancestor, animals plants, plants animals, figure 23 |
| 124 | 107 | 124_sponges_sponge_flame_phylum | [sponges, sponge, flame, phylum, cilia, excretory, cell types, larval, pores, feeding, chambers, cavity, class, body plans, specialized, body, like, food particles, functions, endoskeleton, silica, plans, water body, calcium carbonate, flow water, appendages, crustaceans, propel, cells, early development, fused, gel, larval stage, tissues, flagella, morphology, sessile, pore, tubules, body plan, cnidarians, excretion, lining, referring, trap, animals, mouth, carbonate, perform, figure 28] | Sponges | sponges, sponge, flame, phylum, cilia, excretory, cell types, larval, pores, feeding |
| 125 | 107 | 125_graphite_diamond_allotropes_hazard | [graphite, diamond, allotropes, hazard, carbon atoms, carbon, layers, ambient, allotrope, zircon, index refraction, index, 18 20, 18 23, gemstone, figure 18, refraction, single layer, colorless, soft, layer, membered rings, conversion, recently discovered, 18 21, normal conditions, hazards, carbide, reflections, antimony, lightweight, membered, silicon, planar, rings, tape, resonance, discovered, photo modification, form carbon, sheets, harder, arsenic, structure, thinner, 18, hybridized, hard, stable, lead] | Alotropes of Carbon | graphite, diamond, allotropes, hazard, carbon atoms, carbon, layers, ambient, allotrope, zircon |
| 126 | 107 | 126_pollen_grains_grain_tube | [pollen, grains, grain, tube, stigma, style, female, male, gametophyte, gametophytes, cone, ovary, sac, figure 32, filament, carpel, grows, sticky, wind, blows, immature, male gametophyte, cones, 32, female gametes, work robert, traps, sperm, gametes, deposited, wise, mother, male reproductive, maturity, fertilization, germination, develop, contains cells, robert, reproductive, sacs, develops, flower, grow, growing, ova, brownian, inner layer, micrograph, 1n] | Pollen | pollen, grains, grain, tube, stigma, style, female, male, gametophyte, gametophytes |
| 127 | 105 | 127_mollusks_sea_stars_shell | [mollusks, sea, stars, shell, class, foot, echinoderms, figure 28, star, snails, shells, brittle, classes, 28, cavity, slugs, calcareous, torsion, cucumbers, clams, echinodermata, feeding, arms, marine, visceral, anatomy, lilies, dollars, secrete, terrestrial, cephalothorax, organ, members class, commonly seen, prey, grinding, sand, feet, mouths, fused, squids, includes, head, modified, extend, credit modification, fold, phylum, teeth, feather] | Stars | mollusks, sea, stars, shell, class, foot, echinoderms, figure 28, star, snails |
| 128 | 105 | 128_mole_moles_avogadro_avogadro number | [mole, moles, avogadro, avogadro number, number moles, grams, molar mass, molar, mol, mole substance, deriving, mass, number, substance, formula mass, determine number, mole fraction, atoms molecules, number molecules, requested, number atoms, calculate molar, formula, units, determine mass, mass molar, fraction, type atom, molecular mass, element, mass compound, molecular formula, compound, ar, requirement, molecular, mass mass, determine, unit, conversion factor, corresponding mass, need calculate, concept, thousandth, molecules number, molecules, derive, italian, solution components, following compounds] | Number of Moles | mole, moles, avogadro, avogadro number, number moles, grams, molar mass, molar, mol, mole substance |
| 129 | 105 | 129_soil_soils_horizon_inorganic | [soil, soils, horizon, inorganic, organic, organic material, material, mineral, sand, weathering, layers, organic matter, figure 31, quality, clay, formation, composition, layer, 31, physical chemical, parent, minerals, rock, climate, vegetation, decomposing, moisture, beneath, chemical composition, usda, living organisms, nodules, surface earth, scientist, biological, water air, consists, plant, loose, microorganisms, water minerals, lies, factors, presence, matter, distribution, 50 percent, broken smaller, results production, major] | Soil | soil, soils, horizon, inorganic, organic, organic material, material, mineral, sand, weathering |
| 130 | 105 | 130_fishes_jaw_sharks_cartilaginous | [fishes, jaw, sharks, cartilaginous, bony, teeth, jaws, cranium, vertebrates, paired, scales, clade, vertebral, vertebrata, fish, vertebral column, skeleton, vertebrate, class, clades, figure 29, lack, invertebrate, skates, notochord, bones, possess, extant, dolphins, earliest, 29, vertebrae, column, features, gill, 000 species, evolution, rows, mouth, members, lobe, appendages, subclass, chordates, belong, secondarily, mouths, characterized, funnel, mammals] | Fish Jaw | fishes, jaw, sharks, cartilaginous, bony, teeth, jaws, cranium, vertebrates, paired |
| 131 | 104 | 131_bulb_flashlight_lights_headlight | [bulb, flashlight, lights, headlight, light bulb, bulbs, filament, dim, resistance, 60, incandescent, power, battery, tungsten, batteries, switched, lamp, hot, fluorescent, wired, rated, burns, operating, wires, switch, light, voltage, car, refrigerator, addressed, incandescent bulb, appliance, times longer, 20 calculating, cold, burn, old, automobile, turned, compact, operate, fluorescent light, settings, connected, large current, investment, power consumption, known values, operates, motor] | Lights | bulb, flashlight, lights, headlight, light bulb, bulbs, filament, dim, resistance, 60 |
| 132 | 103 | 132_galaxy_galaxies_milky_stars | [galaxy, galaxies, milky, stars, away, distant, shift, shifts, moving away, red, years, universe, distances, closest, proportional distance, figure 34, galactic, brightness, distance, hubble, spiral, light, expansion, away earth, million, year, local, way, clusters, 34, farther away, moving, expanding, velocities, billion, measured, farther, proportional, fast, observable, supernovas, center, apart, distance light, relative, average distance, light emitted, speed relative, resolved, cosmology] | Shifting away from us | galaxy, galaxies, milky, stars, away, distant, shift, shifts, moving away, red |
| 133 | 103 | 133_fat_calories_metabolic rate_bmr | [fat, calories, metabolic rate, bmr, body fat, intake, metabolic, energy body, internal energy, fats, food, body, kcal, average number, carbohydrates, basal, chemical energy, exercise, gram, energy stored, stored, day, trans, food energy, eating, diet, weight loss, foods, rate, consumes, converted, energy conversion, epidemic, transfer doing, lose, doing, doing work, cardiovascular, nutrition, serving, weight, internal, work, sustain, fatty, eat, transfer work, loss, heat transfer, consumed] | Fat | fat, calories, metabolic rate, bmr, body fat, intake, metabolic, energy body, internal energy, fats |
| 134 | 101 | 134_hormones_hormone_signaling_receptors | [hormones, hormone, signaling, receptors, lipid, peptide, steroid, target, derived, target cells, steroid hormones, target cell, endocrine, amino acid, plasma, plasma membrane, amino, insoluble, intracellular, receptor, signals, signaling pathway, soluble, bloodstream, diffuse, ligands, polypeptide, cellular, specific genes, present cell, membrane, response, chemical structure, membrane cells, act, thyroxine, amplified, endocrine cells, cell, cells, carrier proteins, binding, affect, signaling molecules, bind, small molecules, transported, hormones affect, plasma membranes, proteins] | Hormone signaling | hormones, hormone, signaling, receptors, lipid, peptide, steroid, target, derived, target cells |
| 135 | 101 | 135_body temperature_fur_insulation_animals | [body temperature, fur, insulation, animals, warm, epithelia, cold, maintain, animal, feathers, body, endothermic, temperatures, desert, metabolic rate, metabolic, survive, arctic, connective tissue, winter, connective, reptiles, conserve, heat, fat, cutting, plane, bears, cool, temperature, fox, separating, climates, environmental, activity, internal body, animals use, adaptations, heat loss, bmr, help, cooler, maintaining, day, metabolism, internal, months, feedback, energy requirements, cavities] | Body Temperature | body temperature, fur, insulation, animals, warm, epithelia, cold, maintain, animal, feathers |
| 136 | 100 | 136_disease_diseases_emerging_ticks | [disease, diseases, emerging, ticks, infectious, death, infectious diseases, spread, europe, population, epidemic, killed, worldwide, pathogen, world, health, incidence, americans, million, bacterium, annually, black, estimated, million people, people, devastating, european, mortality, bacterial, humans, figure 22, endemic, institute, human population, geographic range, native, mice, 000, 22, 22 23, 1993, century, public health, bacterial diseases, infection, geographic, 200 000, control, 10 million, mediterranean] | Disease Spread | disease, diseases, emerging, ticks, infectious, death, infectious diseases, spread, europe, population |
| 137 | 98 | 137_ionization energy_ionization_radius_number electrons | [ionization energy, ionization, radius, number electrons, order increasing, radii, ea, positions, increasing, periodic table, number protons, ionization energies, periodic, increases, protons, atomic, cation, trend, nuclear charge, anion, neutral, electrons, energy required, ion, mg, number, halogen, covalent, atom, equal number, atomic number, electrically, remove, smaller, period, li, rb, based, predict, valence electrons, larger, largest, atoms number, energy, deposited, size atom, group, ca, increases increasing, charge] | Ionization energy | ionization energy, ionization, radius, number electrons, order increasing, radii, ea, positions, increasing, periodic table |
| 138 | 98 | 138_taste_olfactory_smell_tongue | [taste, olfactory, smell, tongue, receptors, epithelium, olfaction, 36, sense, receptor, odor, bulb, sour, nasal, cortex, figure 36, buds, foods, neurons, sensory, signals travel, humans, thalamus, stimuli, signals, located, identifies, nasal cavity, sweet, detect, bipolar, senses, bud, flavor, certain molecules, tasting, receptors detect, directly, brain, neuron, primary, cilia, recognizes, brainstem, cerebral cortex, enter, perceive, frontal, detecting, excite] | Olfaction | taste, olfactory, smell, tongue, receptors, epithelium, olfaction, 36, sense, receptor |
| 139 | 98 | 139_ideal gas_gas law_ideal_gas | [ideal gas, gas law, ideal, gas, law, gases, moles, behavior, avogadro, number moles, pressure volume, volume temperature, number molecules, gas constant, volume, gas volume, constant, volume gas, temperature pressure, laws, real, deviations, pressure, pressure gas, temperature, law terms, universal, conditions, number, relationships, pressure high, relating, non, mathematical, properties, molecules gas, confined, volumes, hypothetical, directly proportional, described, atomic molecular, experimental observations, identity, gas molecules, law calculate, law describes, constant called, relationship pressure, pressures] | Ideal Gas Law | ideal gas, gas law, ideal, gas, law, gases, moles, behavior, avogadro, number moles |
| 140 | 97 | 140_mrna_rna_pre_pre mrna | [mrna, rna, pre, pre mrna, translated, rna stability, stability, mrnas, rna molecule, translation, processed, processing, rna molecules, protein, cytoplasm, binding proteins, mature, coding region, protein synthesis, degradation, pre mrnas, rnas, ribosomes, guide, cancer cells, binding, coding, messenger rna, rate decay, poly, eukaryotic, protein coding, synthesis, bind, regions, ready, synthesized, messenger, proteins, terminus, breast, 15 11, region called, 16 13, increase decrease, cap, transcribed, translated protein, tail, exported] | Translation | mrna, rna, pre, pre mrna, translated, rna stability, stability, mrnas, rna molecule, translation |
| 141 | 96 | 141_explain explain_explain_apart_ | [explain explain, explain, apart, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Explain | explain explain, explain, apart, , , , , , , |
| 142 | 94 | 142_homologous_chromosome_homologous chromosomes_chromosomes | [homologous, chromosome, homologous chromosomes, chromosomes, inversion, chromatids, centromere, metaphase, chromosomal, recombination, meiosis, prophase, crossover, crossing, metaphase plate, segments, chromosome number, abnormalities, reciprocal, disorders, recombinant, genetic, exchange, homologous chromosome, figure 13, chimpanzees, exchanges, segment, anaphase, 13, identifiable, pairing, genetic material, poles, progeny, genes, plate, alignment, pairs, arms, individual, attached, 13 12, paste, exchange genetic, chromosome pairs, lengths, sister chromatids, inheritance, cut] | Homologous chromosomes | homologous, chromosome, homologous chromosomes, chromosomes, inversion, chromatids, centromere, metaphase, chromosomal, recombination |
| 143 | 94 | 143_crystalline_solids_silicon_amorphous | [crystalline, solids, silicon, amorphous, solid, covalent network, crystal, metallic, silica, silicon dioxide, defects, atoms ions, network, cubic, lattice, dipole, repeating, point temperature, crystalline solid, semiconductors, ionic, covalent, centered, solid state, impurities, attraction, liquid, materials, liquid state, semiconductor, quartz, melting, electronics, properties, regular, electronic, ordered, network solid, electronic devices, force attraction, intermolecular, particles, manufacture, ionic solid, ions molecules, state, definite, arranged, atom molecule, covalent ionic] | Crystal | crystalline, solids, silicon, amorphous, solid, covalent network, crystal, metallic, silica, silicon dioxide |
| 144 | 94 | 144_prokaryotic_prokaryotic cells_eukaryotic_archaea | [prokaryotic, prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic, archaea, prokaryotes, prokaryotic eukaryotic, eukaryotic cells, membrane bound, bacteria archaea, bacteria, eukaryotes, organelles, eukaryotic cell, prokaryotic cell, membrane, single celled, celled, cells, bound, plasma membrane, cells eukaryotic, plasma, prokaryote, celled organisms, 22, nucleus, cells prokaryotes, rod shaped, archaea bacteria, cell nucleus, cytoplasm, organisms, cell wall, differences, classify, categories, domains, figure 22, lack, shaped, matt russell, data matt, russell, matt, membrane surrounds, 22 prokaryotic, surrounding environment, cell, dartmouth, cells nuclei] | Prokaryotic cells | prokaryotic, prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic, archaea, prokaryotes, prokaryotic eukaryotic, eukaryotic cells, membrane bound, bacteria archaea, bacteria |
| 145 | 94 | 145_electric field_equipotential_equipotential lines_lines | [electric field, equipotential, equipotential lines, lines, electric, field lines, field, sketch, point charge, charges, vicinity, figure 19, figure 18, 18, 19, charge, field point, long distance, opposite charges, perpendicular, point, charge electric, field zero, point charges, charges figure, lines figure, field near, fields, 18 23, 19 shows, vectors, electric fields, positive, magnitude, field created, near, insulator, 18 49, having magnitude, total, 18 21, magnitude direction, square, center, magnitude electric, representations, 18 19, 19 10, strength electric, example 18] | Equipotential | electric field, equipotential, equipotential lines, lines, electric, field lines, field, sketch, point charge, charges |
| 146 | 93 | 146_accelerator_accelerators_beam_beams | [accelerator, accelerators, beam, beams, particles, particle, tev, colliding, linear accelerator, figure 33, 33, stanford, collide, accelerated, detectors, nearly speed, matter energy, proton, create, energies, massive, positron, large, linear, accelerate, created, accelerating, strong force, famous, beam particles, collisions, relativistic, machines, used explore, particle physics, matter, built, subatomic, greater energy, world, energetic, protons, charged particles, 2008, france, border, magnets, fundamental particles, cosmic rays, european] | Accelerators | accelerator, accelerators, beam, beams, particles, particle, tev, colliding, linear accelerator, figure 33 |
| 147 | 93 | 147_steps necessary_outline steps_answer question_answer | [steps necessary, outline steps, answer question, answer, outline, question, steps, necessary, discuss, compare, change change, reasonable, answer reasonable, decrease increase, confirm, increase decrease, perform calculations, answers, does answer, calculations, neglected, significant, answer following, outlined, implications, convert, integral, implies, increased decreased, peanuts, stated, accepted value, difference, percent total, labeling, decrease, following question, photographs, evaluate, parts, got, choices, approximate, value obtained, treatment, change, perform, following questions, facts, conversion factors] | Answer the question using steps. | steps necessary, outline steps, answer question, answer, outline, question, steps, necessary, discuss, compare |
| 148 | 92 | 148_unreasonable result_unreasonable_result_premise | [unreasonable result, unreasonable, result, premise, assumption, responsible, unreasonable results, results, justified, criteria, unexpected, situation, impressive, necessarily, 67, inconsistent, module, exercises, 90, expected, value, certain, following, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Unreasonable Results | unreasonable result, unreasonable, result, premise, assumption, responsible, unreasonable results, results, justified, criteria |
| 149 | 92 | 149_prove_note case_verify_know | [prove, note case, verify, know, recall, does depend, note, definition, noticed, careful, case, learned, noting, implies, earlier, depend, let, similarly, uniform, release, fact, check, gives, point, does, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Prove | prove, note case, verify, know, recall, does depend, note, definition, noticed, careful |
| 150 | 92 | 150_hydrocarbons_alkanes_hydrocarbon_ethers | [hydrocarbons, alkanes, hydrocarbon, ethers, carbon atoms, carbon, iupac, chain, functional, ether, names, functional group, aromatic, groups, chains, rings, hydrogen atoms, functional groups, nomenclature, carbon chain, naming, propane, branch, bonds, hydrocarbon chains, carbon hydrogen, alkane, carbon carbon, bonded, carbon atom, atoms, atom bonded, ethane, group, organic compounds, butane, alcohols, oxygen atom, example 20, longest, chain carbon, double bonds, simplest, backbone, alkene, number carbon, hydrogen, suffix, substituents, triple bonds] | Hydrocarbons | hydrocarbons, alkanes, hydrocarbon, ethers, carbon atoms, carbon, iupac, chain, functional, ether |
| 151 | 91 | 151_centripetal_circular motion_centripetal acceleration_circular | [centripetal, circular motion, centripetal acceleration, circular, uniform circular, centripetal force, acceleration, uniform, circular path, motion, tangential, magnitude centripetal, circle, constant speed, curvature, linear, center, angular velocity, linear acceleration, motion motion, path, magnitude, curve, angular, velocity, velocity changes, tangent, constant angular, radius, acceleration acceleration, force, gravitation, direction velocity, velocity direction, vehicle, radius curvature, perpendicular velocity, velocity angular, center rotation, motion gravitation, road, acceleration object, linear velocity, speed, frame reference, constant, fictitious, object moving, object, rotation] | Centripetal Motion | centripetal, circular motion, centripetal acceleration, circular, uniform circular, centripetal force, acceleration, uniform, circular path, motion |
| 152 | 91 | 152_trophic_consumers_primary producers_trophic level | [trophic, consumers, primary producers, trophic level, producers, primary, productivity, biomass, ecosystem, web, food chain, food, figure 46, level, 46, springs, apex, levels, organisms, turnover, chains, chain, silver, grazing, gross, florida, energy transfers, ecosystems, consumer, phytoplankton, respiration, energy lost, higher level, models, energy flow, net, energy content, lake, efficiency, acquire, generated, transfers, efficiently, lost, english, dynamics, unit area, acquire energy, large percentage, particular point] | Trophic Level | trophic, consumers, primary producers, trophic level, producers, primary, productivity, biomass, ecosystem, web |
| 153 | 91 | 153_radiation_ionizing_ionizing radiation_counters | [radiation, ionizing, ionizing radiation, counters, detection, shielding, lead, detectors, ionization, nuclear radiation, exposure, penetrate, materials, material, rays, figure 31, counter, range, detector, radiation radiation, radiation figure, 31, personal, radiation exposure, effects radiation, solid state, gamma, absorb, penetrating, thickness, indirectly, pass, distance source, relative intensity, ranges, greater density, type radiation, brick, millimeter, interacts, monitors, used detect, monitoring, energy electromagnetic, penetration, figure 21, directly related, inexpensive, different types, effects] | Radiation | radiation, ionizing, ionizing radiation, counters, detection, shielding, lead, detectors, ionization, nuclear radiation |
| 154 | 90 | 154_phosphorus_phosphoric_phosphoric acid_white | [phosphorus, phosphoric, phosphoric acid, white, oxide, preparation, acid, phosphate, 18 occurrence, preparing, figure 18, preparation properties, trichloride, dihydrogen, 18, occurrence preparation, iii, occurrence, prepared, colorless, fertilizers, halides, method preparing, burns, acid forms, reactive, calcium phosphate, acid shown, red, chlorides, acid reaction, soft, heating, forms, tetrahedron, group 15, acid figure, pure, salts, compounds, solvents, hydrogen chloride, solid, phosphates, tons, potassium, gaseous, ammonia, chlorine, exists] | Phosphoric | phosphorus, phosphoric, phosphoric acid, white, oxide, preparation, acid, phosphate, 18 occurrence, preparing |
| 155 | 90 | 155_lewis_lewis structures_write lewis_lewis structure | [lewis, lewis structures, write lewis, lewis structure, resonance, resonance forms, structures, write, draw lewis, structures molecules, resonance structures, draw, structure, structure molecule, regions electron, lone, bonds lone, planar, electron density, distribution electrons, structure following, forms, lone pairs, tetrahedral, molecules ions, electronic structure, symbols, electronic, molecule, square planar, glycine, following molecules, trigonal, actual, following, regions, predict, carbonate, bonds, ion, trigonal planar, predict molecular, bond, pairs, carbon bonds, hybrid, distribution, double bond, appropriate, molecules] | Lewis Structures | lewis, lewis structures, write lewis, lewis structure, resonance, resonance forms, structures, write, draw lewis, structures molecules |
| 156 | 90 | 156_decay_nucleus_beta decay_beta | [decay, nucleus, beta decay, beta, energy released, emitted, nuclide, radioactive, parent, radioactive decay, decays, nuclear, alpha, unstable, neutrons, emission, radiation, nuclear decay, daughter, energy emitted, nuclei, reactor, fission, released, protons, emits, masses, daughter nucleus, spontaneously, nucleons, chain reaction, excited, nucleon, protons neutrons, used medicine, electron capture, gamma, calculate energy, excited state, stability, difference mass, proton, transmutation, fewer, electron, nucleus electron, atomic nucleus, decay decay, mass, mode] | Decay | decay, nucleus, beta decay, beta, energy released, emitted, nuclide, radioactive, parent, radioactive decay |
| 157 | 90 | 157_closed end_tube_closed_fundamental | [closed end, tube, closed, fundamental, fork, resonant frequencies, figure 17, frequencies, resonant, beat, frequency, resonance, instruments, ends, 17, amplify, open, end, sound, strings, instrument, beats, tubes, multiples, middle, air, column, musical, harmonic, played, wind, air temperature, vibration, displacements, end figure, long tube, length, hammer, musical instruments, disturbance, resonate, interferes, sound frequency, playing, continuing, audible, speed sound, guitar, vibrating, string] | Closed End | closed end, tube, closed, fundamental, fork, resonant frequencies, figure 17, frequencies, resonant, beat |
| 158 | 89 | 158_spring_force constant_springs_potential energy | [spring, force constant, springs, potential energy, compressed, compress, hooke law, energy stored, hooke, stretch, stretched, stored, potential, gun, constant, force, force needed, deformation, elastic, stretches, friction, toy, object mass, object, restoring force, converted, kinetic, chart shows, plunger, restoring, truck, compression, bounce, stiffness, stretching, bathroom scale, force exerted, compressing, hang, energy equation, energy, gravitational potential, kinetic energy, position, displacement, kinetic potential, bathroom, scale, stored energy, figure 16] | Hooke's Law | spring, force constant, springs, potential energy, compressed, compress, hooke law, energy stored, hooke, stretch |
| 159 | 89 | 159_mitochondria_mitochondrial_endosymbiosis_endosymbiotic | [mitochondria, mitochondrial, endosymbiosis, endosymbiotic, eukaryotes, chloroplasts, mitochondria chloroplasts, endosymbiont, mitochondrion, organelles, eukaryotic, engulfed, ribosomes, genome, host, eukaryote, aerobic, remnants, autotrophic, eukaryotic cell, bacteria, evidence, prokaryote, protist, genes, ancestral, genomes, theory, originated, ingested, eukaryotic cells, dna, prokaryotes, reduced, origins, disorders, free living, contain dna, cell resulting, extant, photosynthetic, proliferation, degrades, diplomonads, recognizable, proposes, origin, ancient, detectable, cytoplasm] | Endosymbiosis | mitochondria, mitochondrial, endosymbiosis, endosymbiotic, eukaryotes, chloroplasts, mitochondria chloroplasts, endosymbiont, mitochondrion, organelles |
| 160 | 89 | 160_replication_strand_dna replication_fork | [replication, strand, dna replication, fork, dna, strands, helix, synthesized, double helix, 14 dna, parental, fragments, origin, mutation, conservative, semi, template, binding proteins, double, stranded dna, newly, newly synthesized, leading, complementary, dna strands, pyrimidine, dna double, nucleotides, 14, stranded, continuously, purine, new, origins, opens, repair, suggests, proteins bind, prokaryotes, enzyme, stretches, eukaryotes, single, ahead, single stranded, daughter, extended, dna pol, taking place, short] | Replication | replication, strand, dna replication, fork, dna, strands, helix, synthesized, double helix, 14 dna |
| 161 | 89 | 161_ct_rays_pet_scans | [ct, rays, pet, scans, imaging, diagnostics, ray, medical, patient, dental, medical imaging, computed, scan, diagnostic, images, detectors, ray image, medical diagnostics, dimensional, detailed, radiation dose, detection, medical diagnostic, diagnostic uses, reveal, roentgen, dose, techniques, 32, chest, directions, body body, nuclear chemistry, figure 32, image, uses, used extensively, different directions, operated, used medical, information, imaged, diagnose, cancer, procedures, penetrating, absorption, extensively, film, emission] | Radiography | ct, rays, pet, scans, imaging, diagnostics, ray, medical, patient, dental |
| 162 | 88 | 162_fatty_fatty acids_fatty acid_fats | [fatty, fatty acids, fatty acid, fats, unsaturated, saturated, glycerol, acids, acid, double bonds, hydrocarbon, oils, double, hydrocarbon chain, double bond, chain, cis, fat, trans, acid chains, room temperature, backbone, long chain, acid figure, chains, oil, single bonds, room, acid example, carbons, acetyl groups, bonds, hydrocarbon chains, carboxylic acids, esters, ester, carboxyl group, carboxyl, pack, attached, bond, carboxylic, tightly, acids contain, fats oils, peanut, acetyl, chain carbon, hydrogens, cholesterol] | Unsaturated Fatty Acids | fatty, fatty acids, fatty acid, fats, unsaturated, saturated, glycerol, acids, acid, double bonds |
| 163 | 88 | 163_nitric_nitric acid_nitrous_nitric oxide | [nitric, nitric acid, nitrous, nitric oxide, oxide, nitrogen, nitrous oxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrous acid, acid, dinitrogen, colorless, nitrite, nitrate, oxidation, reduction, nitrogen oxides, oxidizing, oxides, nitrogen oxygen, monoxide, copper, reacts, strong oxidizing, figure 18, active metals, reacts water, trioxide, concentrated, oxyacids, react, dioxide, laboratory, combustion, soluble, metals, room temperature, odor, prepare, engines, oxidizing agent, method preparing, reaction nitrogen, exists, agent, ammonia, oxidation reduction, high temperatures, anesthetic, 18] | Nitric | nitric, nitric acid, nitrous, nitric oxide, oxide, nitrogen, nitrous oxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrous acid, acid |
| 164 | 88 | 164_heat transfer_transfer_heat_thermal equilibrium | [heat transfer, transfer, heat, thermal equilibrium, thermal, 14 heat, methods, temperature difference, hotter, transfer occurs, different temperatures, thermal energy, convection, contact, temperatures, heat flow, conduction, colder, different methods, transfer heat, transferred, hot, transfer energy, heating, heat heat, 14, temperature heat, temperature, objects, hot cold, heat transferred, cold, energy transferred, heat exchange, equilibrium, occurs, 14 12, temperature differences, transfer occur, difference, temperature change, flow, spontaneously, come contact, bodies, energy temperature, exchanged, solely, net heat, cooler] | Heat Transfer | heat transfer, transfer, heat, thermal equilibrium, thermal, 14 heat, methods, temperature difference, hotter, transfer occurs |
| 165 | 87 | 165_prokaryotes_cultured_pathogenic_carbon nitrogen | [prokaryotes, cultured, pathogenic, carbon nitrogen, macronutrients, nitrogen cycles, different sources, non, sources, prokaryote, grow, environments, nitrogen, obtain, beneficial, carbon, play, culture, obtain energy, thrive, stressors, metabolic, prokaryotic, vast, sources energy, nutrients, cycles, use different, prefer, conditions, metabolic processes, dormant, 22, laboratory, bacteria, roles, microorganisms, foods, bioremediation, organisms, diverse, require, environmental, energy sources, live, carbon cycle, state, setting, important role, unusual] | Prokaryotes | prokaryotes, cultured, pathogenic, carbon nitrogen, macronutrients, nitrogen cycles, different sources, non, sources, prokaryote |
| 166 | 87 | 166_partial_partial pressure_torr_pressure gas | [partial, partial pressure, torr, pressure gas, total pressure, partial pressures, pressure, henry law, mixture, henry, gas mixture, mixture gases, gas, pressures, gases, atm, kpa, cylinder, temperature pressure, atmospheric pressure, total, dalton, atmospheric, gaseous, number moles, pressure check, sum, mass gas, conditions temperature, component, volume, pa, law, moles, solubility, mole fraction, ideal, hg, gas solution, oxygen, gas pressure, volume measured, sample, collected water, law determine, check learning, percent total, exerts pressure, proportional pressure, solute] | Partial Pressure | partial, partial pressure, torr, pressure gas, total pressure, partial pressures, pressure, henry law, mixture, henry |
| 167 | 87 | 167_subshell_shell_subshells_number electrons | [subshell, shell, subshells, number electrons, maximum number, shells, electrons, filled, quantum numbers, maximum, principal, labeled, notation, quantum, orbitals, exclusion principle, numbers, exclusion, number, electrons occupy, half filled, spectroscopic, electrons electron, occupy, hold, pauli exclusion, pauli, list possible, shell atom, outermost shell, completely filled, orbital, orbitals atom, outermost, electron shells, shell electrons, capacity, allowed, electrons electrons, calculate maximum, 2n, corresponds, value, fit, determine number, fills, principal quantum, prove, letter, identify] | Shells | subshell, shell, subshells, number electrons, maximum number, shells, electrons, filled, quantum numbers, maximum |
| 168 | 86 | 168_birds_feathers_flight_wings | [birds, feathers, flight, wings, bird, fly, wing, muscles, body weight, flying, sternum, metabolic, respiratory, streamlined, metabolic rates, moves, hummingbird, adaptations allow, lungs, hummingbirds, cease, birds insects, lift, altitudes, modifications, bones, head, weight, avian, gas exchange, lot, reduce, secondary, mammals, bats, efficient, metabolic rate, drag, air, sacs, oxygen, body, respiration, enables, possibly, beat, unique, chest, insects, enable] | Birds | birds, feathers, flight, wings, bird, fly, wing, muscles, body weight, flying |
| 169 | 86 | 169_ray_ray tube_rays_characteristic | [ray, ray tube, rays, characteristic, anode, crt, spectrum, energetic, tubes, tube, cathode, shell, photon, electron energy, peaks, em, photon energy, origins, tvs, ray photon, strike, energies, electron, material, ray photons, inner shell, photon energies, high voltage, tungsten, emitted, computer, machines, accelerated, originate, produced electron, created, decelerating, spectrum figure, 30, electromagnetic spectrum, great small, photons, figure 30, things great, atomic, energy increases, excitations, electrons, braking, level diagram] | Rays | ray, ray tube, rays, characteristic, anode, crt, spectrum, energetic, tubes, tube |
| 170 | 86 | 170_chloroplasts_plastids_endosymbiosis_photosynthetic | [chloroplasts, plastids, endosymbiosis, photosynthetic, chloroplast, thylakoid, endosymbiotic, chlorophyll, secondary, membranes, stroma, inner membrane, green, sa, outer membrane, algae, membrane, derived, plastid, inner, photosynthesis, stacked, mitochondria, stacks, contain, organelles, mitochondria chloroplasts, engulfed, alga, algal, mesophyll, lumen, outer, endosymbionts, surrounded, prokaryote, cc, cyanobacteria, green algae, ancestral, event, takes place, heterotrophic, user, stack, endosymbiont, eukaryotes, eukaryote, ancestor, primary] | Endosymbiosis | chloroplasts, plastids, endosymbiosis, photosynthetic, chloroplast, thylakoid, endosymbiotic, chlorophyll, secondary, membranes |
| 171 | 85 | 171_half life_half_life_half lives | [half life, half, life, half lives, decay, lives, number nuclei, 131, radioactive, isotope, original value, decays, nuclei, activity, original, 239, years, radioactive decay, life time, 27 years, iodine 131, 238, chance, exponential, sample, days, 31, 21 10, neptunium, short half, time, years figure, uranium, isotopes, cobalt 60, decreases, radioactive isotopes, scarce, declines, table 21, appendix, month, number, finds, unreasonable results, surviving, remains, time required, remaining, iodine] | Half Life | half life, half, life, half lives, decay, lives, number nuclei, 131, radioactive, isotope |
| 172 | 85 | 172_projectile_projectile motion_level ground_range | [projectile, projectile motion, level ground, range, initial speed, initial, motion, vertical, horizontal, air resistance, maximum height, ground, launched, gun, motions, vertical motion, trajectory, maximum, given initial, level, target, velocity, initial velocity, height, vector, vertical component, cannon, acceleration gravity, lands, using following, hit, velocity given, vertical components, following equations, resistance negligible, analyze, horizontal vertical, negligible, ground assuming, figure 38, air, angle, gravity, vector addition, super, recombine, dimensional, displacement velocity, greater range, steps involved] | Projectile Motion | projectile, projectile motion, level ground, range, initial speed, initial, motion, vertical, horizontal, air resistance |
| 173 | 84 | 173_antimatter_positron_matter_counterparts | [antimatter, positron, matter, counterparts, positrons, antiparticle, mutual, particles, encounters, particle, asymmetry, normal matter, created, opposite charge, opposite, converted energy, symmetric, galaxies, energy form, pure, conservation laws, family, cosmic, rays, probes, nearly, 33, electron, having mass, identical, producing, neutral, leaving, pair, universe, creation, photons, family number, dominance, interact, converted, figure 33, evidence, mass energy, particle physics, total charge, decay, collide, nuclear decay, charge] | Antimatter | antimatter, positron, matter, counterparts, positrons, antiparticle, mutual, particles, encounters, particle |
| 174 | 84 | 174_final velocity_final_velocity_velocities | [final velocity, final, velocity, velocities, initial velocity, initial, velocity velocity, velocity zero, final speed, velocity using, unreasonable, change velocity, speed, vertical, calculate final, velocity speed, square root, solve, relative velocity, hint use, velocity calculate, constant appropriate, based experimental, horizontal, final velocities, long does, horizontal component, appropriate units, supplies, speed car, low velocities, total velocity, vertical velocity, starting rest, car, component velocity, decelerates, initial position, mile, position, starting, given initial, appropriate, substituting, fits, velocity given, experimental data, final position, zero, reach] | Final Velocity | final velocity, final, velocity, velocities, initial velocity, initial, velocity velocity, velocity zero, final speed, velocity using |
| 175 | 84 | 175_uncertainty_uncertainty principle_heisenberg_heisenberg uncertainty | [uncertainty, uncertainty principle, heisenberg, heisenberg uncertainty, principle, lifetime, position, momentum, short, quantum number, quantum, excited state, short lived, particle, excited, orbital, uncertainties, probability, wave, particle duality, ev, minimum, accuracy, electron, uncertain, wave particle, simultaneous, lived, yukawa, duality, wavelength electron, time, occupied, atom, does compare, shell atom, consequence, energy, smallest, limit, simultaneously, atomic orbital, discrete, accurately, state, decay, velocity electron, smallest possible, measure, quantum mechanics] | Uncertainty Principle | uncertainty, uncertainty principle, heisenberg, heisenberg uncertainty, principle, lifetime, position, momentum, short, quantum number |
| 176 | 84 | 176____ | [, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Unknown Topic | , , , , , , , , , |
| 177 | 84 | 177_nuclear force_nuclei_nucleons_nuclear | [nuclear force, nuclei, nucleons, nuclear, nuclear forces, protons, coulomb, nucleus, stability, neutrons, repulsion, repulsive, tightly, neutrons protons, strong nuclear, stable, progressively, magic, coulomb force, protons neutrons, band, lie, strong, nucleon, bound nuclei, ranged, attraction, tightly bound, attractive, mass nuclei, bound, low mass, range, strongly, forces, heavier, resist, repulsions, force, short, pushed, tightly packed, 21 following, drop, size nucleus, 100 times, farther apart, packed, greatest, previously unknown] | Nuclear forces | nuclear force, nuclei, nucleons, nuclear, nuclear forces, protons, coulomb, nucleus, stability, neutrons |
| 178 | 84 | 178_antibodies_antibody_antigen_antigens | [antibodies, antibody, antigen, antigens, secreted, affinity, figure 42, reactivity, 42, binding, serum, foreign, classes, domains, pathogens, humoral, specificity, bind, mucosal, immune, cross, variable, pathogen, response, mark, plasma, heavy, secretions, bodily, refers, destruction, class, mechanism action, self, strength, domain, affinities, defense, chain, secretion, self antigens, determines, tagged, sites, identical, macromolecule, binding sites, harmless, glycoproteins, immune response] | Antibodies | antibodies, antibody, antigen, antigens, secreted, affinity, figure 42, reactivity, 42, binding |
| 179 | 84 | 179_switch_current_voltage_graph | [switch, current, voltage, graph, time constant, time current, voltage capacitor, initial value, versus time, zero, closed, time, capacitor, rises, current voltage, 632, time interval, falls, figure 21, versus, remainder, graph figure, current current, resistor, ms, initial, interval, circuit, decline, moved, figure 23, draw, 37 shows, voltage current, starts, close zero, value, dissipation, constant time, open, 21, preceding, dc, declines, subsequent, 23, extremely large, position, constant, functions] | Time-Current Graph | switch, current, voltage, graph, time constant, time current, voltage capacitor, initial value, versus time, zero |
| 180 | 84 | 180_ferromagnetic_magnets_magnetism_magnetic | [ferromagnetic, magnets, magnetism, magnetic, domains, electromagnets, magnet, strong magnetic, materials, magnetic fields, 22 11, figure 22, currents, iron, 22, permanent, fields, curie, refrigerator, electric current, effects, magnetic field, alignment, material, poles, permanent magnets, induced, applications, electric currents, field, millimeter, attract, strong, earth magnetic, randomly, discovery, oriented, door, aligned, repel, cooled, chromium, orientation, transitions, bring, grow, exhibit, stick, works, strengths] | Magnetism | ferromagnetic, magnets, magnetism, magnetic, domains, electromagnets, magnet, strong magnetic, materials, magnetic fields |
| 181 | 83 | 181_dating_rock_238_age | [dating, rock, 238, age, old, years old, rocks, years, pb, radioactive, date, 87, half life, oldest, 14, 000 years, half, carbon, older, billion years, 50 000, dead sea, rubidium, dates, living, samples, billion, half lives, carbon containing, sample, undergone, decays, wooden, life, earth, scientists determine, example 31, age earth, lead, radioactive decay, uranium 238, accurate, decay, abundance, game, sr, thousand, ar, determined, strontium] | Radioactive Dating | dating, rock, 238, age, old, years old, rocks, years, pb, radioactive |
| 182 | 83 | 182_23_explain__ | [23, explain, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | 23 | 23, explain, , , , , , , , |
| 183 | 83 | 183_interference_constructive_constructive interference_destructive interference | [interference, constructive, constructive interference, destructive interference, destructive, waves, superposition, constructive destructive, integral multiple, path length, integral, length difference, pure, interfere, amplitude, identical, wavelength, trough, crest, crest trough, constructively, phase, figure 16, double slit, half integral, destructively, interfere constructively, 16 10, path, diffracted, depicts, 16, intensity, wave, peaks, multiple, arrive, disturbances, 10 superposition, slit, wavelength figure, stones, difference, occurs, exactly, equation sin, produces, bragg, wave interference, patterns] | Interference | interference, constructive, constructive interference, destructive interference, destructive, waves, superposition, constructive destructive, integral multiple, path length |
| 184 | 83 | 184_bones_skull_skeleton_pelvic | [bones, skull, skeleton, pelvic, axial, vertebrae, figure 38, facial, vertebral column, vertebral, limbs, 38, attachment, lower limbs, column, cranial, neck, clavicles, bone, consists, shoulder, attaches, shoulders, sternum, cervical, ossicles, spine, fuse, foot, cage, face, adult, thoracic, weight body, rib cage, fibrous, upper, rib, parietal, frontal, composed, protect, lower, provide, brain, work mariana, nose, ruiz villareal, nasal, villareal] | Skeleton | bones, skull, skeleton, pelvic, axial, vertebrae, figure 38, facial, vertebral column, vertebral |
| 185 | 82 | 185_24___ | [24, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | 24 | 24, , , , , , , , , |
| 186 | 82 | 186_broglie_duality_wave_particle | [broglie, duality, wave, particle, wave particle, wave nature, particle duality, particles, particles mass, nature, wavelength, properties, wavelike, nature matter, reviewed, em radiation, schrödinger, photons, matter, em, proposed, particle like, wave like, 29, massless, mechanics, quantum, microscopic, proposal, macroscopic, quantum mechanics, behavior, like electrons, wavelength given, waves, photons having, planck, exhibit, macroscopic scale, behave, character, like, fundamental, quantization, radical, shortly, having mass, electrons, later, modern physics] | Wave-particle duality | broglie, duality, wave, particle, wave particle, wave nature, particle duality, particles, particles mass, nature |
| 187 | 82 | 187_pituitary_anterior pituitary_hypothalamus_anterior | [pituitary, anterior pituitary, hypothalamus, anterior, hormones, stimuli, gland, posterior pituitary, endocrine, posterior, thyroid, hormonal, humoral, release, neural, hormone, glands, release hormones, thyroid gland, refers, located base, base brain, releases, adrenal, stimulating, inhibit, feedback, gland located, thyroid hormones, figure 37, regulate, capillary network, stimulated, secrete, inhibiting, 37, regulated, releasing, stalk, fluids blood, produced, anterior portion, regulatory, hormones regulate, circulatory, referred, control, response, stimulate, levels] | Pituitary | pituitary, anterior pituitary, hypothalamus, anterior, hormones, stimuli, gland, posterior pituitary, endocrine, posterior |
| 188 | 81 | 188_voltmeter_circuit_measurements_device | [voltmeter, circuit, measurements, device, appreciably, analog, 21, resistance, meters, measurement, figure 21, digital, current, accuracy, dc, measured, meter, measure, voltage, branch, connected, placed, parallel, alter, current flowing, standard, series, voltages, voltage source, measuring device, resistor circuit, limited accuracy, voltage current, resistances, represented symbol, current flows, small resistance, flowing, limit, connected parallel, resistor, devices, measuring, using standard, circuits, altering, deflection, accurate, flows, mode] | Voltimeter | voltmeter, circuit, measurements, device, appreciably, analog, 21, resistance, meters, measurement |
| 189 | 80 | 189_25 25_25__ | [25 25, 25, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Sure, the label for this topic is "25". | 25 25, 25, , , , , , , , |
| 190 | 80 | 190_charged particles_charged particle_magnetic field_magnetic | [charged particles, charged particle, magnetic field, magnetic, charged, field, field lines, earth magnetic, path, perpendicular, particles, particle, magnetic fields, fields, lines, allen, curvature, mass charge, circular path, proton, circular, spiral, trapped, radius, figure 22, magnetic force, cosmic, paths, radius curvature, 22, electric magnetic, cosmic ray, magnetism, moving, earth, page, van, field strength, northern, velocity, moves, lines figure, particles moving, parallel field, perpendicular velocity, perpendicular earth, curved, proportional mass, circles, strong magnetic] | Magnetic field | charged particles, charged particle, magnetic field, magnetic, charged, field, field lines, earth magnetic, path, perpendicular |
| 191 | 80 | 191_batteries_battery_rechargeable_alkaline | [batteries, battery, rechargeable, alkaline, lead, site http, dry cell, lithium ion, lithium, visit site, motorcycle, electrode, learning visit, anode, cadmium, zinc, electronic devices, visit, potassium hydroxide, dry, nickel, deliver, designed, portable, figure 17, http openstax, automobiles, anode cathode, devices, http, energy supplied, cathode, redox, connected series, car, 17 11, site, electronic, plated, cells shown, link learning, electrolyte, secondary, various combinations, cell, cars, 17, link, rated, supply] | Batteries | batteries, battery, rechargeable, alkaline, lead, site http, dry cell, lithium ion, lithium, visit site |
| 192 | 80 | 192_greenhouse_global_climate_atmospheric carbon | [greenhouse, global, climate, atmospheric carbon, climate change, carbon dioxide, greenhouse effect, dioxide, global climate, atmosphere, atmospheric, gases, warming, fossil fuels, fossil, fuels, carbon, global warming, industrial, human activities, gases atmosphere, dioxide levels, fossil fuel, trapping, human activity, activities, levels, trap, dioxide methane, burning fossil, burning, lake, human, planet, effect, earth, agreement, impact, historical, 300, affected, change, earth atmosphere, methane, altering, countries, figure 44, weather, increased, maintains] | Climate | greenhouse, global, climate, atmospheric carbon, climate change, carbon dioxide, greenhouse effect, dioxide, global climate, atmosphere |
| 193 | 80 | 193_adrenal_epinephrine_stress_fight | [adrenal, epinephrine, stress, fight, nervous, norepinephrine, medulla, response, epinephrine norepinephrine, flight, autonomic, glands, short term, heart rate, term, danger, cortex, kidneys, situation, long term, gland located, gland, kidney, hypothalamus, hormones, nervous systems, responsible, hormone, release, counter, impulses, endocrine, gland produces, mothers, rate increased, trigger, mediates, short, pathway, heart, emergency, effects, heartbeat, bursts, activated, rats, release hormones, secretory, releasing, responses] | Stress response | adrenal, epinephrine, stress, fight, nervous, norepinephrine, medulla, response, epinephrine norepinephrine, flight |
| 194 | 80 | 194_cost_hours_electricity_power consumption | [cost, hours, electricity, power consumption, costs, power, consumption, year, appliance, energy used, mw, kw, electrical energy, day, power output, electric energy, output, electrical, bulb, hour, electric power, power plant, average power, joules, consumed, replace, operating, appliances, electric, estimate, 1000, month, incandescent, time hours, business, incandescent bulb, power time, watts, running, commercial, mathrm, efficiency, square meter, averages, electrical power, average, effectiveness, time, operation, converted] | Energy Consumption | cost, hours, electricity, power consumption, costs, power, consumption, year, appliance, energy used |
| 195 | 79 | 195_credit navy_07_navy_pelvic | [credit navy, 07, navy, pelvic, credit, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Credit Navy | credit navy, 07, navy, pelvic, credit, , , , , |
| 196 | 79 | 196_temporal___ | [temporal, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Temporal. | temporal, , , , , , , , , |
| 197 | 79 | 197_wheel_tire_tires_motorcycle | [wheel, tire, tires, motorcycle, angular acceleration, angular, revolutions, angular velocity, wheels, radius, bicycle, acceleration, car, calculate angular, rim, rotating, speed car, rpm, rotate, velocity, number revolutions, spin, linear, car moves, linear speed, centripetal, centripetal force, figure 10, notices, highway, linear velocity, speed, linear acceleration, driving, final angular, exert force, tips, diameter, moves, rad, pitch, pulling, spinning, faster, automobile, left, opposing, travels, rotation, dust] | Angular Acceleration | wheel, tire, tires, motorcycle, angular acceleration, angular, revolutions, angular velocity, wheels, radius |
| 198 | 79 | 198_channels_ion channels_channel_open | [channels, ion channels, channel, open, depolarization, membrane, resting, action potential, membrane potential, enter cell, ion, ions, potential, neuron, action, enter, voltage, leave cell, threshold, pass, sodium, cell figure, array, passage, figure 35, resting state, returns, outside cell, relative concentrations, pause, cell, close, allowing, opening, resting membrane, signaling molecule, conformation, stereocilia, proteins, ions cell, reached, cell membrane, leave, return, closed, peak, allow, inside outside, linked, exit] | Channels | channels, ion channels, channel, open, depolarization, membrane, resting, action potential, membrane potential, enter cell |
| 199 | 79 | 199_coelom_mesoderm_cavity_body wall | [coelom, mesoderm, cavity, body wall, body cavity, endoderm, ectoderm, gut, lined, cavities, mesodermal, ectoderm endoderm, pouches, wall, develop, body, layer, layers, germ, animals, tissue layers, coelomic, gives rise, animal body, true, germ layers, organs, sandwiched, animals true, motility, develops, termed, eucoelomate, tissue, presence absence, archenteron, internal body, fuse form, germ layer, epithelial, rise, fuse, lies, visceral, internal organs, connective, arises, internal, partly, notochord] | Cavities | coelom, mesoderm, cavity, body wall, body cavity, endoderm, ectoderm, gut, lined, cavities |
| 200 | 78 | 200_resistors_series parallel_parallel_series | [resistors, series parallel, parallel, series, total resistance, resistance, resistor, resistances, combination, connected series, total, equivalent, connected, circuit, voltage source, connected parallel, combinations, figure 21, 21, dissipation, parallel connections, wired, circuit voltage, solving strategies, individual, voltage, reduced, source, 21 calculating, steps problem, resistance greater, explicitly follow, follow steps, strategies, series connection, resistance series, problem solving, various parts, explicitly, connection, sequentially, previous examples, flowing, resistance circuit, let, current, connections, current flowing, example 21, let consider] | Series | resistors, series parallel, parallel, series, total resistance, resistance, resistor, resistances, combination, connected series |
| 201 | 78 | 201_primates_chimpanzees_world_primate | [primates, chimpanzees, world, primate, centimeters, humans, modern humans, old, body size, mya, brain, lesser, great, figure 29, size, modern, cubic, divided groups, mammals, climbing, africa, selected species, trees, tail, 29, species, trend, banana, trees figure, larger, evolved, upright, modern human, evolution, south america, pan, dolphins, sexes, closely related, flattened, possess, new, selected, divided, descended, asia, pregnancy, include, date, boxes] | Primate | primates, chimpanzees, world, primate, centimeters, humans, modern humans, old, body size, mya |
| 202 | 78 | 202_26_explain_10_ | [26, explain, 10, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | 26 | 26, explain, 10, , , , , , , |
| 203 | 78 | 203_ejected_photon_ev_em radiation | [ejected, photon, ev, em radiation, em, binding energy, excited, photon energy, kinetic energy, threshold, photons, electrons, kinetic, incoming, electron, binding, orbit, maximum, frequency, brightness, energy, increasing, material, wavelength, energy ev, energy electron, longest, nm, excited state, wavelength photon, energy electrons, ground state, sodium metal, higher energy, radiation, excite, absorbed, energy photon, state, psi, metal, high energy, light having, photon light, having wavelength, given maximum, 71, electrons energy, higher, given] | Emitted Radiation | ejected, photon, ev, em radiation, em, binding energy, excited, photon energy, kinetic energy, threshold |
| 204 | 78 | 204_ice_sea_warming_cores | [ice, sea, warming, cores, global, warmer, global warming, antarctic, climate, sea level, pond, cooler, summer, figure 44, arctic, 000 years, antarctica, sheets, lake, temperature changes, 44, average temperature, polar, ad, melting, irregularities, increases decreases, geologic, ponds, mountains, impacts, 2010, day, climate change, decreasing, modern day, usgs, time period, little, freeze, age, temperature, cooling, seasonal, ocean, contained, frozen, gradual, level, deeper] | Ice | ice, sea, warming, cores, global, warmer, global warming, antarctic, climate, sea level |
| 205 | 77 | 205_nuclides_nuclide_decay_stability | [nuclides, nuclide, decay, stability, daughter, parent, unstable, stable, band, tightly bound, chart, tightly, radioactive, figure 31, decays, undergoes decay, half lives, lies, fewer, decay decay, bound, closer, series, protons, half life, atomic number, 31, region, lives, half, short half, primordial, stable unstable, thorium, waste product, isotope, neutrons, figure 21, ingested, nuclear forces, beta decay, undergoes, exist, uranium, isotopes, neglect, lie, undergo, simplified, plot] | Decay | nuclides, nuclide, decay, stability, daughter, parent, unstable, stable, band, tightly bound |
| 206 | 77 | 206_oxidation_oxidation number_oxidation states_oxidation state | [oxidation, oxidation number, oxidation states, oxidation state, oxides, oxidation numbers, states, state, guideline, transition, compounds, metals, inert, transition metals, oxygen, assign, nonmetals, exhibit, assigned, transition series, elements, number, metals form, metal oxides, covalent, oxidize, hydroxides, form compounds, metal, nonmetal, numbers, covalent compounds, attached, ionic, positive oxidation, oxidizing agent, compounds ions, oxides hydroxides, group metals, following compounds, atom attached, 18 19, containing, carbon atom, halogens, containing compounds, number carbon, combined, elements compounds, elemental] | Oxidation | oxidation, oxidation number, oxidation states, oxidation state, oxides, oxidation numbers, states, state, guideline, transition |
| 207 | 77 | 207_rock_thrown_falling_terminal | [rock, thrown, falling, terminal, thrown straight, starting point, straight, velocity, eagle, position, initial velocity, drag, starting, upward, heading, example 14, throws, loose, downward, way, jump, height, neglecting, falls, facing, edge, initial, hits, person, spread, vertical position, hit, positive value, air resistance, 00, final position, reach, ground, position velocity, tree, vertically, cross section, drag force, area, vertical, initial speed, speed, positive, altitude, point] | Starting point | rock, thrown, falling, terminal, thrown straight, starting point, straight, velocity, eagle, position |
| 208 | 77 | 208_cord_spinal_ganglia_spinal cord | [cord, spinal, ganglia, spinal cord, nerves, nervous, nerve, brain, central nervous, sensory, ventral, nerve cord, cranial, cords, brain spinal, figure 35, cns, peripheral, dorsal, brainstem, 35, motor, cerebral, transmit, peripheral nervous, central, cerebellum, neurons, nerve cells, segmental, sensory information, anterior, bodies, rest body, clusters, connects, body, body structures, basal ganglia, emerge, axons, lobes, gray, basal, chordate, connected, hollow nerve, nerve cell, interconnected, comprise] | Nerves | cord, spinal, ganglia, spinal cord, nerves, nervous, nerve, brain, central nervous, sensory |
| 209 | 77 | 209_22___ | [22, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | 22 | 22, , , , , , , , , |
| 210 | 77 | 210_vaporization_phase_enthalpy vaporization_pressure temperature | [vaporization, phase, enthalpy vaporization, pressure temperature, diagram, triple point, phases, triple, enthalpy, temperature pressure, liquid, solid liquid, melting, liquid gas, pressures, temperatures pressures, pressure, temperature, point, temperatures, phase phase, curves, curve, melting point, plots, substance, phase transition, temperature vapor, solid gas, solid, figure 10, exist, vapor pressure, diagrams, points, boiling, described, vapor, water using, acetone, water, critical, single point, liquid gaseous, indicating, temperature liquid, isooctane, liquid phase, equilibrium, physical state] | Vaporization | vaporization, phase, enthalpy vaporization, pressure temperature, diagram, triple point, phases, triple, enthalpy, temperature pressure |
| 211 | 77 | 211_fruits_fruit_seeds_ovary | [fruits, fruit, seeds, ovary, dispersed, dispersal, aggregate, fleshy, accessory, wind, nuts, seed, sweet, carpel, eat, mature, develops, peppers, flowers, fuse form, derived, lightweight, figure 32, fuse, beans, flesh, tomato, apple, cluster, multiple, corn, float, develop, favorable, germinate, clusters, covering, animals, bag, fused, dry, flower, agents, outermost, like, attract, unanswered, acorn, 32, taste] | Fruit | fruits, fruit, seeds, ovary, dispersed, dispersal, aggregate, fleshy, accessory, wind |
| 212 | 77 | 212_coulomb_coulomb force_test charge_charges | [coulomb, coulomb force, test charge, charges, point charges, field lines, charge, test, electrostatic force, force field, field, electric field, lines, electrostatic, negative charges, positive, electric, force, positive charge, force charge, terminate, magnitude, repulsive force, 18 42, nc, magnitude charge, field line, 18, positive charges, negative, separated distance, point, figure 18, distance, separated, law, repulsive, proportional magnitude, proportional, negative charge, magnitude force, magnitude electric, begin, charge negative, point charge, charge figure, point space, charge distribution, infinity, force direction] | Coulomb Force | coulomb, coulomb force, test charge, charges, point charges, field lines, charge, test, electrostatic force, force field |
| 213 | 77 | 213_explain answer_answer_explain_justify | [explain answer, answer, explain, justify, answers, responses, defend, response, answer question, question, know, check, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Answer | explain answer, answer, explain, justify, answers, responses, defend, response, answer question, question |
| 214 | 77 | 214_metals_transition_nonmetals_transition metals | [metals, transition, nonmetals, transition metals, elements, representative, representative metals, inner transition, properties, group 12, periodic table, transition series, transition elements, group, main group, periodic, germanium, transition metal, group elements, inner, metal, preparation, alkaline earth, metals nonmetals, chemical behavior, heat electricity, reactive, group 15, nonmetallic, classify, arsenic, nonmetal, general, earth metals, alkaline, main, silicon, shaded, preparation properties, table, behaviors, boron, http images, occurrence preparation, natural sources, nonmetals form, classify following, group 14, conduct, code] | Elements | metals, transition, nonmetals, transition metals, elements, representative, representative metals, inner transition, properties, group 12 |
| 215 | 77 | 215_cancer_detection_protein_therapies | [cancer, detection, protein, therapies, diseased, researchers, scientists, targeted, medicines, analysis, set proteins, disease, drugs, gene expression, signature, proteins, study, gene, genomes, studying, expression, screening, tumor, analyze, treatment, institute, treat, genomic, genomics, early, exploited, lung cancer, interactions, designing, new drugs, biology, develop, tumor cells, genome, dna sequencing, approaches, professionals, researchers use, drug, researcher, diagnose, use information, new, tumors, understand] | Cancer Detection | cancer, detection, protein, therapies, diseased, researchers, scientists, targeted, medicines, analysis |
| 216 | 76 | 216_fructose_monosaccharides_sugar_sucrose | [fructose, monosaccharides, sugar, sucrose, galactose, lactose, glucose, sugars, carbons, polysaccharides, dehydration, ring, milk, chemical formula, asymmetric, dehydration reaction, carbonyl group, monomers, carbonyl, bond formed, group, carbon, molecules glucose, branched, simple sugars, glucose molecules, classify, water molecule, carbohydrate, functional, oh group, suffix, group carbon, carbon chain, unbranched, breaks, oh, hydroxyl group, chain, bowl, polysaccharide, monomer, broken, functional groups, functional group, linked, hydroxyl, hydrogen oxygen, formula, bond] | Sugars | fructose, monosaccharides, sugar, sucrose, galactose, lactose, glucose, sugars, carbons, polysaccharides |
| 217 | 76 | 217_empirical_empirical formula_formula_formulas | [empirical, empirical formula, formula, formulas, formula compound, formula mass, molar, compound, molecular formula, molar mass, molecular mass, subscripts, molecular, molecular formulas, covalent compound, empirical molecular, amu, mass, following compounds, molar amounts, smallest, atomic masses, formula units, masses, subscript, multiplying, compound molecular, mass molar, derive, derived, mass compound, covalent, average atomic, determining, substance, derivation, tentative, formula unit, mass sum, ratio, relative numbers, ch, volatile liquid, compounds following, molecule molecular, compositions, determine, previous chapter, ratios, mass substance] | Formula | empirical, empirical formula, formula, formulas, formula compound, formula mass, molar, compound, molecular formula, molar mass |
| 218 | 75 | 218_21___ | [21, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | 21 | 21, , , , , , , , , |
| 219 | 75 | 219_symmetry_bilateral_radial_bilateral symmetry | [symmetry, bilateral, radial, bilateral symmetry, symmetrical, bilaterally symmetrical, bilaterally, right left, plane, divides, echinoderms, halves, animals, asymmetrical, animal, portions, anterior, transverse, display, coronal, figure 27, oral, upper lower, radially, left, ventral, right, adults, divided, body plans, phyla, dorsal, sides, axis, jellyfish, posterior, plans, cnidaria, planes, body, sea, 27, longitudinal, larval, central axis, body parts, figure 33, cut, head, echinodermata] | Symmetry | symmetry, bilateral, radial, bilateral symmetry, symmetrical, bilaterally symmetrical, bilaterally, right left, plane, divides |
| 220 | 75 | 220_mitotic_cytokinesis_interphase_mitosis | [mitotic, cytokinesis, interphase, mitosis, cell cycle, prophase, anaphase, phase, division, metaphase, daughter, daughter cells, chromosomes, spindle, cell division, stage, duplicated, cell, cytoplasmic, cycle, cells cell, stages, nuclear envelope, sister, cell growth, nuclear, phases, sister chromatids, replicated, totals, microtubules, envelope, gap, chromatin, chromatids, dna, separated, events, separate, centromere, metaphase plate, viewed, divisions, completed, chromosome, begins, series events, structure formed, golgi, normal cell] | Mitosis | mitotic, cytokinesis, interphase, mitosis, cell cycle, prophase, anaphase, phase, division, metaphase |
| 221 | 75 | 221_radio_fm_antenna_broadcast | [radio, fm, antenna, broadcast, tv, receiver, mhz, reception, frequency, station, frequencies, radio waves, resonate, amplitude, resonant, noise, carrier, stations, tower, sight, signals, pick, phone, waves, best, efficiently, high frequency, 88, figure 24, receive, resonant frequency, frequencies range, half wavelength, waves used, tune, specially, channels, wavelength electromagnetic, range, commercial, mobile, electromagnetic, oscillates, band, transmission, efficient, selective, utilize, wires, electromagnetic waves] | Frequency | radio, fm, antenna, broadcast, tv, receiver, mhz, reception, frequency, station |
| 222 | 75 | 222_superconducting_high temperature_high_liquid nitrogen | [superconducting, high temperature, high, liquid nitrogen, magnets, critical temperature, temperatures, temperature, materials, 34, advances, cost, yttrium, resistivity, 19 10, cooled, figure 34, wire, resistance, strong magnetic, electromagnets, wire resistance, temperature liquid, electric energy, widespread, fields, economically, liquid, strontium, material, zero, ceramic, low temperatures, magnetic, magnetic fields, transmission, expensive, wires, figure 19, team, 77, critical, later chapter, copper, nitrogen, losses, applications, employed, high temperatures, barium] | Superconductivity | superconducting, high temperature, high, liquid nitrogen, magnets, critical temperature, temperatures, temperature, materials, 34 |
| 223 | 74 | 223_enthalpy_enthalpy change_standard enthalpy_change reaction | [enthalpy, enthalpy change, standard enthalpy, change reaction, standard, formation, enthalpies, enthalpy changes, hess, hess law, appendix, reactants, mole, change, standard state, reaction, state conditions, sum, data appendix, bond, reactants products, bond energy, physical processes, chemical physical, using standard, products, conditions, approximate, change following, required break, calculate approximate, thermochemistry, stepwise, mole substance, experimentally, changes, exothermic, determine, reactions, energies, constant pressure, break bonds, experimentally determined, using, mathematical product, stable form, bonds formed, determine approximate, equation valid, state] | Enthalpy | enthalpy, enthalpy change, standard enthalpy, change reaction, standard, formation, enthalpies, enthalpy changes, hess, hess law |
| 224 | 74 | 224_rainbow_dispersion_white light_colors | [rainbow, dispersion, white light, colors, prism, white, rainbow colors, wavelengths, incident angle, incident, figure 25, violet, arc, light, emerge, spectrum wavelengths, 25, light spectrum, spreading, slides, crown glass, refraction, beam light, beam, narrow, dispersed, wavelength, refracted, glass, wavelength light, nm, crown, angles, angle, 25 21, disperses, light water, light goes, 34 shows, perpendicularly, different locations, pure wavelength, goes, beautiful, grating, quartz, red, angle angle, index refraction, diffraction] | Rainbow | rainbow, dispersion, white light, colors, prism, white, rainbow colors, wavelengths, incident angle, incident |
| 225 | 74 | 225_synaptic_synapses_neurotransmitter_neuron | [synaptic, synapses, neurotransmitter, neuron, glutamate, long term, receptors, inhibitory, action potential, term, signal, neurons, inputs, gap, depression, figure 35, cascade, membrane, channels, released, electrical, action, release, 35, nerve cells, weakening, terminal, depolarization, chemical, long, strengthening, signaling cascade, nerve, positive ions, signaling, responsive, transmitted, chemical signals, axon, molecules called, causes, initiates, potentials, diffuse, degraded, acetylcholine, bind, blocked, calcium, transmission] | Synaptic | synaptic, synapses, neurotransmitter, neuron, glutamate, long term, receptors, inhibitory, action potential, term |
| 226 | 74 | 226_pan_heat_specific heat_temperature water | [pan, heat, specific heat, temperature water, heat water, heat capacity, aluminum, temperature, raise, stove, water heat, temperature difference, water, heat transfer, required heat, temperature heat, capacity, thermal equilibrium, temperature change, iron, transferred, specific, transfer, water temperature, heat transferred, increase temperature, 14 calculating, times, cold water, cast, final, heat required, thermal, transfer occurs, gained, hot, mass water, times greater, water hot, use equation, land water, required, going, example 14, minutes, terms mass, mass large, proportionally, evaporated, change mass] | Heat Transfer | pan, heat, specific heat, temperature water, heat water, heat capacity, aluminum, temperature, raise, stove |
| 227 | 74 | 227_homo_modern humans_modern_africa | [homo, modern humans, modern, africa, years ago, sapiens, humans, ago, million years, genus, years, million, europe, fossils, 000 years, asia, fossil, species called, present day, china, early, oldest, thought, ancestor, older, modern human, earliest, man, ancestral, debate, genome, 000, evolved, 1970s, species, mya, spent, human, lineage, mid, apparently, sequences, origins, recent, migration, ancestors, upright, past, groups, walking] | Homo modernus | homo, modern humans, modern, africa, years ago, sapiens, humans, ago, million years, genus |
| 228 | 74 | 228_photon_momentum_dust_photons | [photon, momentum, dust, photons, example 29, recoil, wavelength photon, 29, wavelength, photon energy, photon wavelength, tails, collision, photons having, momentum does, linear momentum, macroscopic, ray photon, particle, 14 shows, momentum energy, particles, disrupt, verification, momentum given, sun, total momentum, directly observed, outer space, absorption, passage, massless, relationship, topics, entering known, alter, figure 29, conservation momentum, carry, entering, microwave, fact, small, discussion, small masses, em radiation, away, relation, ev, massive particle] | Photons | photon, momentum, dust, photons, example 29, recoil, wavelength photon, 29, wavelength, photon energy |
| 229 | 74 | 229_angiosperms_gymnosperms_seed plants_flowering plants | [angiosperms, gymnosperms, seed plants, flowering plants, basal, era, flowering, monocots, seed, naked, plant life, eudicots, terrestrial ecosystems, seeds, cretaceous, plants include, plants, terrestrial, devonian period, 26, dominate, jurassic, geological, mya, modern day, usgs, million years, devonian, modern, dominant, dominated, dicots, conifers, landscape, sister, ancestors, ecosystems, group plants, life cycle, appeared, cretaceous period, period, million, figure 26, triassic, major groups, years ago, fossilized, group, tracheids] | Angiosperms | angiosperms, gymnosperms, seed plants, flowering plants, basal, era, flowering, monocots, seed, naked |
| 230 | 74 | 230_oxytocin_placenta_labor_fetus | [oxytocin, placenta, labor, fetus, baby, uterus, pregnancy, milk, childbirth, uterine, delivery, birth, gestation, contractions, stimulates, mammary glands, mammary, posterior pituitary, weeks, pituitary, posterior, figure 43, embryo, termination, hypothalamus, ed uthman, glands produce, uthman, 43, voluntary, surgical, glands, contract, ed, waste, aid, fetal, nutrient, pregnant, grows, ducts, positive feedback, abdominal, expelled, release, smooth, requirements, contraction, develop, stage] | Oxytocin | oxytocin, placenta, labor, fetus, baby, uterus, pregnancy, milk, childbirth, uterine |
| 231 | 74 | 231_71_73_77_78 | [71, 73, 77, 78, 103, 104, significantly different, 107, buffers, 72, noted, significantly, effective, appropriate, 14, 11, different, form, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | The label for this topic is "Different Buffers". | 71, 73, 77, 78, 103, 104, significantly different, 107, buffers, 72 |
| 232 | 73 | 232_modulus_shear_deformation_deformations | [modulus, shear, deformation, deformations, rubber, rubber band, stretch, compression, stress, change length, sectional area, band, cross sectional, sectional, strain, length, tension, applied, stretched, young, bulk modulus, nylon, sideways, elasticity, force applied, compressed, stress strain, bulk, rod, changes volume, applied force, unitless, shearing, string, guitar, items, parallel, area, cross, strings, board, parallel length, item, forces applied, depends substance, force area, ratio force, behave, change shape, weights] | Deformation | modulus, shear, deformation, deformations, rubber, rubber band, stretch, compression, stress, change length |
| 233 | 73 | 233_glycolysis_pyruvate_phosphate_glucose | [glycolysis, pyruvate, phosphate, glucose, enzyme, fructose, atp, second half, pathway, kinase, step, atp molecules, phosphorylation, nadh, sugar, dehydrogenase, molecules produced, glucose molecule, phosphorylated, breakdown, sixth, catalyzed, limiting, extract, catalyzes, isomer, nadph, pyruvic acid, pyruvic, half, metabolic pathway, form glucose, extracts, producing, second, atp adp, phosphorylates, molecules, sugar molecules, split, investment, phosphatase, regulated, carbon, begins, sugars, deficiency, high energy, cells figure, inhibited] | Glycolysis | glycolysis, pyruvate, phosphate, glucose, enzyme, fructose, atp, second half, pathway, kinase |
| 234 | 73 | 234_spontaneous_spontaneity_nonspontaneous_free energy | [spontaneous, spontaneity, nonspontaneous, free energy, reaction spontaneous, gibbs, standard conditions, gibbs free, free, process, conditions, gt, energy change, spontaneous reaction, lt, enthalpy entropy, spontaneous process, entropy, entropy changes, low temperatures, standard, arithmetic, process occurs, temperatures, example 16, matter energy, temperature, reaction, continual, used predict, dispersal, accompanies, input energy, available work, temperature dependence, photo modification, state function, processes occur, thermodynamics, low, energy state, enthalpy, energy available, chemical reaction, processes, predict, reaction occurs, reaction reaction, 16, previously] | Spontaneity | spontaneous, spontaneity, nonspontaneous, free energy, reaction spontaneous, gibbs, standard conditions, gibbs free, free, process |
| 235 | 73 | 235_halogens_fluorine_xenon_halogen | [halogens, fluorine, xenon, halogen, halides, interhalogens, oxidize, oxidizing, preparation, oxidation state, preparation properties, oxidation, occurrence preparation, occurrence, oxidizes, binary, reaction metal, 18 11, representative metals, compounds, oxidizing agents, fluoride, representative, agents, react, metal, noble, salts, oxygen, positive oxidation, exhibits positive, oxidizing agent, prepared, lighter, metals, elements, heavier, reacts, silicon, respective, handle, strongest, properties, preparing, agent, 18, iodine, noble gases, state, heating] | Halogens | halogens, fluorine, xenon, halogen, halides, interhalogens, oxidize, oxidizing, preparation, oxidation state |
| 236 | 73 | 236_18 18_18__ | [18 18, 18, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Sure, the label for this topic is "18". | 18 18, 18, , , , , , , , |
| 237 | 73 | 237_19 19_19__ | [19 19, 19, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Sure, the label for this topic is "19". | 19 19, 19, , , , , , , , |
| 238 | 72 | 238_12 12_12_participants_test hypothesis | [12 12, 12, participants, test hypothesis, split, hypothesis, test, groups, 24, 16, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Participants and Test Hypothesis | 12 12, 12, participants, test hypothesis, split, hypothesis, test, groups, 24, 16 |
| 239 | 72 | 239_neurons_axon_neuron_cell body | [neurons, axon, neuron, cell body, axons, 35, nervous, figure 35, signals, specialized, receive, synapses, bipolar, cellular components, main types, central nervous, chemical signals, signal, communicate, projections, types, terminals, different parts, nerve, specialized cells, send, send signals, 35 figure, great diversity, muscle cells, nucleus cell, nerve cell, messages, neuronal, electrical, cerebellum, micrograph shows, sending, nervous systems, carry, transmits, functions, spines, receiving, cells figure, broadly, constitute, different types, main, cells] | Neurons | neurons, axon, neuron, cell body, axons, 35, nervous, figure 35, signals, specialized |
| 240 | 72 | 240_27_classical_situation_ | [27, classical, situation, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Sure, the label for this topic is "situation". | 27, classical, situation, , , , , , , |
| 241 | 72 | 241_32___ | [32, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | 32 | 32, , , , , , , , , |
| 242 | 72 | 242_laminar_flow_turbulence_reynolds | [laminar, flow, turbulence, reynolds, reynolds number, laminar flow, mix, smooth, 2000, layers, onset, obstruction, 3000, fluid, oscillate, flow fluid, nozzle, example 12, hose, unitless, moving object, 12 11, 12, flow rate, diameter, characterized, tube, mixing, cm, dependence, figure 12, predict, number defined, higher speed, 2000 3000, object, streamlined, care taken, number, graphic, sphere, force left, fluid fluid, proportional speed, creating, flow resistance, large objects, diameter tube, 12 10, extremely sensitive] | Laminar Flow | laminar, flow, turbulence, reynolds, reynolds number, laminar flow, mix, smooth, 2000, layers |
| 243 | 72 | 243_speed sound_sound_speed_sound waves | [speed sound, sound, speed, sound waves, sound wave, sounds, medium, emitted, 17, waves, 17 sound, sound travels, air, figure 17, air molecules, faster, loudness, amplitude, speaker, stationary, source, compressible, pressures, media, greater pressure, disturbance, wave, travel speed, air pressure, travels, spread, moves, 13 figure, air temperature, gauge, columns, travel, gases, standing waves, frequencies, rms, door, day, hear, sea level, rigid, room, altitude, airplane, varying] | Speed of Sound | speed sound, sound, speed, sound waves, sound wave, sounds, medium, emitted, 17, waves |
| 244 | 72 | 244_15 15_15__ | [15 15, 15, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Sure, the label for this topic is "15". | 15 15, 15, , , , , , , , |
| 245 | 71 | 245_reabsorption_blood pressure_kidneys_adrenal | [reabsorption, blood pressure, kidneys, adrenal, hormone, blood, cortex, increase blood, release, tubules, kidney, sodium, epinephrine, water balance, increases blood, peptide, urine, ii, epinephrine norepinephrine, osmotic balance, hormones, excreted, osmotic, regulate, balance, norepinephrine, volume blood, triggers, hormonal, osmoregulatory, pressure volume, secretion, volume pressure, stimulated, volume, hormone produced, levels, 41, stimulates, maintain, decrease blood, pressure, affects, anti, hypothalamus, renal, levels blood, causes, hormonal control, help regulate] | Kidney Reabsorption | reabsorption, blood pressure, kidneys, adrenal, hormone, blood, cortex, increase blood, release, tubules |
| 246 | 71 | 246_equivalence_ph_weak acid_strong base | [equivalence, ph, weak acid, strong base, base, color change, acid, acid strong, strong, strong acid, curves, acid base, sample, naoh, ml, indicators, weak, point, solution, volume, added, hcl, stoichiometric, 14 20, added base, volumes, sample solution, orange, color, suitable, acetate, excess, reach, molarity, end, sodium hydroxide, solution containing, 14, figure 14, 14 18, curve, solution potassium, indicator, example 14, analysis, concentration, requires, computed, hydroxide, evans] | pH | equivalence, ph, weak acid, strong base, base, color change, acid, acid strong, strong, strong acid |
| 247 | 71 | 247_29___ | [29, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | 29 | 29, , , , , , , , , |
| 248 | 71 | 248_transformer_voltages_ac_transformers | [transformer, voltages, ac, transformers, input, output, power, output voltage, secondary, voltage, turns, 120, number loops, coils, loops, dc, primary secondary, primary, distribution, transmission, ratio number, step, volts, appliances, 240, losses, figure 23, used large, kv, batteries, 23, times second, sent, plug, transmission lines, long distances, transmitted, new zealand, zealand, coil, distances, like figure, current, homes, ratio, transformed, ac voltage, power plant, high voltage, example 23] | Voltage Transformation | transformer, voltages, ac, transformers, input, output, power, output voltage, secondary, voltage |
| 249 | 71 | 249_ma_machines_machine_picture | [ma, machines, machine, picture, disk, stick, lever, mechanical advantage, force exerted, hammer, exert, force, exerted, hit, apply, rearranging equation, advantage, devices used, simple, unbalanced, struck, expense, input, figure 21, mechanical, external force, equal opposite, striking, frictionless, average force, forward, force applied, multiply, rearranging, momentum conserved, strikes, external, tip, brought, rotate, word, slightly, pull, driving, opposite forces, comes rest, backward, torque, comes greek, trick] | Mechanical Advantage | ma, machines, machine, picture, disk, stick, lever, mechanical advantage, force exerted, hammer |
| 250 | 71 | 250_antibiotics_antibiotic_resistant_bacterial | [antibiotics, antibiotic, resistant, bacterial, penicillin, bacteria, cloning, bacterial infections, aureus, infections, dna, dna fragments, sequence, organism, restriction, fragments, mapping, sequencing, genes, crisis, gene, antagonistic, sequences, repeats, excessive, genome, prokaryote, molecular cloning, dna sequencing, facilities, treated, kill, technique, resistance, genetic, kills, method, growth, treat, complete set, study, dna dna, resulted, single nucleotide, individual dna, gel, information obtained, genomes, library, news] | Antibiotics | antibiotics, antibiotic, resistant, bacterial, penicillin, bacteria, cloning, bacterial infections, aureus, infections |
| 251 | 70 | 251_einstein_relativity_general relativity_special relativity | [einstein, relativity, general relativity, special relativity, special, general, theory relativity, postulate, postulates, theory, second postulate, albert einstein, predictions, frames, albert, revolutionary, accelerated, verification, observers, relative motion, deals, famous, published, verified, encompasses, 20th century, 20th, experimental, theories, developed, recognized, gravity, space time, speed light, physicist, uncertainties, did, prove, classical physics, gravitation, later, bending, implications, electric magnetic, classical, based, ideas, think, correct, applies] | Theory of Relativity | einstein, relativity, general relativity, special relativity, special, general, theory relativity, postulate, postulates, theory |
| 252 | 70 | 252_zygote_sperm_egg_fertilization | [zygote, sperm, egg, fertilization, fuses, diploid, divides, egg cell, fertilized, fertilized egg, endosperm, gametes, celled, embryo, cell divisions, blastula, sperm cells, cleavage, single celled, germ, divisions, cell, spermatogenesis, develops, development, gonads, figure 43, cells called, embryonic development, fertilization egg, undergoes, 43, fuse form, mitosis, fertilization occurs, form, mitotic, cells, fuse, early development, begins, genetically identical, stem cells, forming, flagellum, fail, multi, multiple, embryonic, rounds] | Fertilization | zygote, sperm, egg, fertilization, fuses, diploid, divides, egg cell, fertilized, fertilized egg |
| 253 | 70 | 253_11 11_11_11 10_highest | [11 11, 11, 11 10, highest, low, value, 10, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Sure, the label for this topic is "Highest and Lowest Values". | 11 11, 11, 11 10, highest, low, value, 10, , , |
| 254 | 70 | 254_conservative_conservative forces_nonconservative_mechanical energy | [conservative, conservative forces, nonconservative, mechanical energy, mechanical, potential energy, forces, potential, force work, energy theorem, path taken, forces act, starting ending, ending points, work, potential energies, theorem, energy, energy potential, work energy, conservation, force, define, calculate work, ending, depends, path, gravitational, gravitational force, total work, change potential, energy associated, applying, energy changes, energy mechanical, force just, conservation energy, forces work, taken, act, forces involved, depends path, energy principle, previous equation, equals change, gravitational potential, energy conservation, work force, starting, previous] | Conservative Forces | conservative, conservative forces, nonconservative, mechanical energy, mechanical, potential energy, forces, potential, force work, energy theorem |
| 255 | 70 | 255_nitrogenous_nucleotide_sugar_thymine | [nitrogenous, nucleotide, sugar, thymine, guanine, adenine, phosphate, cytosine, phosphate group, bases, pentose, pyrimidine, hydroxyl group, hydroxyl, ring, purine, membered, base pairs, ring structure, base, nucleoside, phosphodiester, group, nucleotides, group carbon, attached, pairs, uracil, rna, stacked, carbon, ester, attached carbon, phosphate groups, carbon nitrogen, complementary, oh, backbone, group figure, polynucleotide, figure 31, linkage, smaller size, oh group, comprise, double, dna, structure, attaches, position] | Bases | nitrogenous, nucleotide, sugar, thymine, guanine, adenine, phosphate, cytosine, phosphate group, bases |
| 256 | 69 | 256_28___ | [28, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | 28 | 28, , , , , , , , , |
| 257 | 69 | 257_heart_pacemaker_electrodes_electrical | [heart, pacemaker, electrodes, electrical, beating, electrical signals, shock, artificial, voltage, chest, current, attack, depolarization, beats, voltages, electric current, electric, heart rate, signals, cardiac, monitor, peak, measures, ac, electrical shock, hazard, currents, shape size, charge flows, electrical impulses, ray image, resistivity, small time, ohm, delta, person, fetal, measure, victim, irregular, variations, time intervals, device, hertz, abbreviated, technique, surgery, electric charge, intervals, placed] | Electrical signals | heart, pacemaker, electrodes, electrical, beating, electrical signals, shock, artificial, voltage, chest |
| 258 | 69 | 258_modification work_modification_credit modification_credit | [modification work, modification, credit modification, credit, work, flickr credit, noaa, flickr, usda, usfws, service, fish wildlife, work cory, species credit, zanker, wildlife, cory zanker, cory, jim, work noaa, work usda, work jon, nih, jon sullivan, sullivan, fish, jon, usda ars, ars, based original, work steve, ecology, zanker credit, michael, ars credit, et, work robert, steve, chapter outline, work nasa, following statements, everyday connection, work nci, usgs, statements, nci, outline, nasa, robert, national] | Modification | modification work, modification, credit modification, credit, work, flickr credit, noaa, flickr, usda, usfws |
| 259 | 69 | 259_conductor_free charges_excess charge_electric field | [conductor, free charges, excess charge, electric field, conductors, charges, electric, static, excess, electric fields, free, field, field inside, electrostatic, figure 18, surface, pointed, charge, 18, inside, equilibrium, perpendicular surface, fields, sharp, charges inside, concentrated, free charge, equilibrium figure, good conductors, equipotential, parallel surface, charge figure, spherical, externally, field applied, happens, surfaces, uniform electric, collect, smooth, applications, relates, repulsion, good, points, corners, point charge, conducting, forced, entirely] | Electric Field | conductor, free charges, excess charge, electric field, conductors, charges, electric, static, excess, electric fields |
| 260 | 69 | 260_pump_refrigerators_performance_pumps | [pump, refrigerators, performance, pumps, heat, refrigerator, cold, coefficient, heat transfer, warm, best, transfer, work input, environment, reservoir, transfer environment, temperature cold, cool, climates, input required, cost, figure 15, heat engine, temperature heat, home, 15, using heat, input, thermodynamics, indoor, hot, air, engine, transfer occur, winter, mild, transfer occurs, temperatures, ambient, temperature, ideal, run, british, expensive, cools, greater, heating, applications, room, house] | Performance of pumps and refrigerators | pump, refrigerators, performance, pumps, heat, refrigerator, cold, coefficient, heat transfer, warm |
| 261 | 69 | 261_polymers_plastics_monomers_monomer | [polymers, plastics, monomers, monomer, dehydration, polymer, hydrolysis, water molecule, polyethylene, recycling, plastic, macromolecules, water molecules, polymerization, bags, ethylene, synthesis, condensation, molecule, gains, reactions, hydroxyl, hydrolysis reaction, combine, bond formation, units called, containers, large molecules, polystyrene, hydroxyl group, bonds form, formation, release, used produce, repeating, figure 20, release energy, catalyzed, synthetic, water, leads, transition metal, units, organic, molecules, covalent, bonds, split, carbon hydrogen, break] | Polymerization | polymers, plastics, monomers, monomer, dehydration, polymer, hydrolysis, water molecule, polyethylene, recycling |
| 262 | 68 | 262_instantaneous_average speed_average velocity_average | [instantaneous, average speed, average velocity, average, velocity, speed, instant, velocity average, divided time, speed average, distance traveled, traveled, divided, displacement, time, calculus, trip, interval, total distance, acceleration, infinitesimally small, infinitesimally, hour, time velocity, travel, distinguish, velocity time, velocity velocity, velocity speed, acceleration acceleration, instantaneous rate, distance, magnitude, indicated, mean, calculate average, passenger, tangent, elapsed time, speeds, elapsed, sense, car, specific, tell, airplane, obtained, speed example, using given, later module] | Average Speed | instantaneous, average speed, average velocity, average, velocity, speed, instant, velocity average, divided time, speed average |
| 263 | 68 | 263_behaviors_behavior_behavioral_displays | [behaviors, behavior, behavioral, displays, learned, social, innate, communicate, fighting, fitness, game, biology, animal, human behavior, benefits, communication, animals, benefit, alarm, conversation, opponent, elephants, evolutionary advantage, dolphins, members, changes environment, associate, chances, stimuli, respond, natural selection, influenced, finding, reciprocal, different ways, evolutionary, fight, ultimate, animal kingdom, migration, 45, involve, maturation, termed, primates, individuals, humans, environmental, genetics, kingdom] | Behavior | behaviors, behavior, behavioral, displays, learned, social, innate, communicate, fighting, fitness |
| 264 | 68 | 264_polar_dipole_nonpolar_polar molecules | [polar, dipole, nonpolar, polar molecules, polar molecule, electronegativity, polar covalent, polarity, dipole dipole, electronegative, partial, dipole attractions, bond, separation charge, bonds, dipoles, molecule, attractions, following molecules, covalent, ions contain, molecules polar, bond type, difference electronegativity, electronegative atom, inherent, separation, negative charge, nonpolar molecules, charge, moment, covalent bond, molecules, positive, positive charge, negative, absolute value, electrostatic, molecules ions, attraction, bonds molecule, electronegativity difference, designate, electrostatic attraction, plus sign, charge atom, positive negative, indicate, partially, order increasing] | Polarity | polar, dipole, nonpolar, polar molecules, polar molecule, electronegativity, polar covalent, polarity, dipole dipole, electronegative |
| 265 | 67 | 265_celsius_kelvin_fahrenheit_scales | [celsius, kelvin, fahrenheit, scales, scale, degrees, degree, celsius kelvin, temperature kelvin, temperature, kelvin temperature, kelvin scale, temperatures, degrees celsius, degree celsius, convert, absolute, word, absolute temperature, solve temperature, official, converting, si, value equation, range temperatures, known value, symbol, numerical value, si unit, 19th, equation relating, unit, conversions, units, abbreviated, temperature temperature, oven, equation solve, europe, relating, figure 13, equation, plug, conversion, numerical, commonly used, scale used, text chapter, chapter gases, increment] | Degrees | celsius, kelvin, fahrenheit, scales, scale, degrees, degree, celsius kelvin, temperature kelvin, temperature |
| 266 | 67 | 266_car_curve_speed car_ideally | [car, curve, speed car, ideally, car mass, speed, race, turn, car moves, curves, moves right, road, bumps, left, highway, driver, radius, ideal, force left, acceleration car, drivers, track, speeding, tracks, car moving, right, moves, real, feel, moving away, traveling, taken, angle, approaching, tight, noticed, slowing, sharp, moving, slower, noticeable, goes, corner, turning, faster, travels, thrown, radius curvature, cars, figure 36] | Curve | car, curve, speed car, ideally, car mass, speed, race, turn, car moves, curves |
| 267 | 66 | 267_deflection_sensitivity_voltmeter_resistance | [deflection, sensitivity, voltmeter, resistance, scale, analog, reading, reads, current, needle, shunt, adjusted, discussed text, digital, switch, flows, placed, allow, current flow, meters, instrument, bridge, device, low resistance, series, closed, circuit, 21 30, parallel, currents, readout, rule, zero, unknown, current flows, junction, having, current passes, resistance series, choice, device called, maximum, text, gives, internal resistance, opened, resistance current, current flowing, meter, figure 21] | Deflection | deflection, sensitivity, voltmeter, resistance, scale, analog, reading, reads, current, needle |
| 268 | 66 | 268_solution solution_solution_best way_icl | [solution solution, solution, best way, icl, solution answer, happening, answer, everyday connection, does make, make sense, scale, keeps, repeating, motorcycle, visit, possibility, yes, parents, check understanding, sizes, hours, largest, greatest, intermediate, everyday, smallest, best, sense, let, approach, think, question, requires, battery, understanding, compare, discuss, connection, relationship, position, step, check, way, problem, make, does, process, , , ] | Solution | solution solution, solution, best way, icl, solution answer, happening, answer, everyday connection, does make, make sense |
| 269 | 66 | 269_density_calculate density_mass volume_volume | [density, calculate density, mass volume, volume, determine density, mass unit, mass density, unit volume, densities, average density, substance, greater density, volume density, density given, cube, mass, substance object, table 11, ratio mass, used identify, density independent, density object, decimal places, volume occupied, edge length, decimal, unit, given table, calculate, occupied, 11, identify, equation form, si unit, defined, substances, places, gaseous hydrogen, results example, learning learn, selected, percent increase, units mass, item, edge, piece, important characteristic, simulator http, given density, mass sample] | Density | density, calculate density, mass volume, volume, determine density, mass unit, mass density, unit volume, densities, average density |
| 270 | 66 | 270_ozone_upper atmosphere_depletion_ultraviolet | [ozone, upper atmosphere, depletion, ultraviolet, decomposition, ultraviolet radiation, atmosphere, chlorine, mechanism, upper, ultraviolet light, nitric oxide, antarctica, hole, layer, chlorine atoms, catalyze, nitric, uv, step mechanism, step, protects, oxide, absorbing, destruction, compounds carbon, radiation sun, sun, oxygen, antarctic, decomposition reaction, instrumental, earth surface, elementary, reaction, atmospheric, earth, uv radiation, substantial, reaction mechanism, radiation, chemicals, commercially, appears, china, catalyzes, odor, overall reaction, catalyzed, involve] | Ozone | ozone, upper atmosphere, depletion, ultraviolet, decomposition, ultraviolet radiation, atmosphere, chlorine, mechanism, upper |
| 271 | 66 | 271_20 20_20_consistent_result | [20 20, 20, consistent, result, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Sure, the label for this topic is "consistent result". | 20 20, 20, consistent, result, , , , , , |
| 272 | 66 | 272_credit___ | [credit, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Credit | credit, , , , , , , , , |
| 273 | 66 | 273_chromosome_females_males_linked | [chromosome, females, males, linked, chromosomes, syndrome, trait, sex, male, recessive, female, inactivates, inherit, coat, males females, inactivation, inactivated, allele, disorders, phenotypically, sex chromosomes, cats, abnormalities, offspring, embryonic, pair, express, carriers, embryonic development, phenotypic, genotype, blindness, 12 13, mild, children, drosophila, development, color, disease, corresponds, compensate, said, number chromosomes, human, humans, corresponding, chromatin, genes, epigenetic, gene] | Chromosomes | chromosome, females, males, linked, chromosomes, syndrome, trait, sex, male, recessive |
| 274 | 66 | 274_spindle_sister_sister chromatids_chromatids | [spindle, sister, sister chromatids, chromatids, mitotic, microtubules, opposite poles, anaphase, metaphase, metaphase plate, chromatid, poles, attached, plate, centromere, pulled, fibers, microtubule, opposite, attachment, line, fiber, firmly, light microscope, centrosome, ii, cohesin, breaks, chromosomes, chromosome, apart, mitosis, attaches, aligned, attach, apparatus, cleavage, aid, bind, extend, proteins, pull, midpoint, separate, poles cell, assessed, region figure, region called, engage, cytoskeletal] | Sister chromatids | spindle, sister, sister chromatids, chromatids, mitotic, microtubules, opposite poles, anaphase, metaphase, metaphase plate |
| 275 | 65 | 275_membrane_resting membrane_membrane potential_outside cell | [membrane, resting membrane, membrane potential, outside cell, gradient, resting, ions inside, inside cell, outside, inside, negatively charged, ions, inside outside, negatively, charged, cell membrane, diffuse, concentration gradient, cell, membranes, channels, charge, separation charge, potential, negative charge, drives, living cells, cell different, cell ions, cell concentration, positive charge, potential difference, concentrations, negative, membrane membrane, electric fields, higher concentration, positive, leakage, neuron, voltage, membrane cell, separation, difference, membrane figure, electrochemical gradient, ions cell, interior, semipermeable membrane, potassium] | Membrane Potential | membrane, resting membrane, membrane potential, outside cell, gradient, resting, ions inside, inside cell, outside, inside |
| 276 | 65 | 276_seeds_germination_germinate_seed | [seeds, germination, germinate, seed, oak, season, food reserves, lifecycle, reserves, years, climates, storage, lettuce, conditions, trees grow, arctic, global, soil, germinates, gravitropism, vegetative, survival, require, stone, disperse, months, figure 47, favorable, optimal, growth, plant species, development, temperate, complete, emerge, plants, trees, grow, furthermore, arabidopsis, equipped, squirrels, geographic range, conditions favorable, use source, plants growing, important factors, period, metabolic activity, plants reproduce] | Germination | seeds, germination, germinate, seed, oak, season, food reserves, lifecycle, reserves, years |
| 277 | 65 | 277_algae_green algae_green_land plants | [algae, green algae, green, land plants, red, land, multicellular, archaeplastida, plants, tomato, chlorophyll, plastid, brown, genera, red green, genome, kingdom, accessory, leaf like, caulerpa, freshwater, dartmouth, plantae, golden, unicellular, plankton, single cells, colonial, dna sequences, user, precursors, alga, algal, cell wall, grouped, colonies, sequences, classified, share, chloroplast, resemble, primarily, figure 23, carbohydrates, multicellular organisms, like, cyanobacteria, pigments, chloroplasts, analysis] | Algae | algae, green algae, green, land plants, red, land, multicellular, archaeplastida, plants, tomato |
| 278 | 65 | 278_16_13 10_du_16 figure | [16, 13 10, du, 16 figure, syndrome, 10 figure, figure shows, figure 13, age, individual, years, 13, shows, 12, 10, figure, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | 16 Figure Syndrome | 16, 13 10, du, 16 figure, syndrome, 10 figure, figure shows, figure 13, age, individual |
| 279 | 65 | 279_torque_torques_hinges_counterclockwise | [torque, torques, hinges, counterclockwise, clockwise, pivot, door, distance pivot, magnitude force, force acting, pivot point, bolt, force, sin, effectiveness, exerting, force case, direction point, point, force applied, turning, clockwise torque, magnitude, rotation, sides equation, force distance, acting, force exerts, point point, push, convention, directed, regarding, application, multiply, maximum, yielding, substitute, applied, distance, rotate, perpendicular, defined, angle, does exert, exerted, valid, applied object, force just, twisting] | Hinge Torque | torque, torques, hinges, counterclockwise, clockwise, pivot, door, distance pivot, magnitude force, force acting |
| 280 | 64 | 280_pivot_pivot point_lever_lever arm | [pivot, pivot point, lever, lever arm, door, perpendicular lever, arm, distance pivot, torque, input, torques, point, load, perpendicular, force applied, chosen, output, point point, supporting, clockwise, push, applied, mechanical advantage, hinges, force, handle, rotate, exerted, applied force, opens, point line, distances, shortest distance, zero, force shown, advantage, hands, opening, left hand, hand, distance, shortest, counterclockwise, line, slowly, rotated, simplified, effective, choice, acts] | Pivot point | pivot, pivot point, lever, lever arm, door, perpendicular lever, arm, distance pivot, torque, input |
| 281 | 64 | 281_14 14_14__ | [14 14, 14, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Sure, the label for this topic is "14". | 14 14, 14, , , , , , , , |
| 282 | 64 | 282_doppler_shift_shifted_radar | [doppler, shift, shifted, radar, observer, ultrasound, shifts, moving observer, source, motion source, reflector, frequency sound, sound, moving, frequency, effect, used measure, relativistic, relative motion, observer relativistic, storms, velocity, medical diagnostics, measure, storm, alteration, calculate velocity, observed, diagnostics, vehicles, motion, medical, technique, motorcycle, relative velocity, hear, used determine, velocities, speed, detect, moves, artery, relative, driving, commission, quite small, velocity small, em radiation, receive, directly proportional] | Doppler Shift | doppler, shift, shifted, radar, observer, ultrasound, shifts, moving observer, source, motion source |
| 283 | 64 | 283_sensing_bacteria_colonize_bacterial | [sensing, bacteria, colonize, bacterial, equipment, signaling, microbial, antibiotics, implants, infections, aureus, surfaces, textured, free floating, used control, matrix, antibiotic, fibrosis, grow, hour, plaque, resistant, stage, methods used, hospital, cell signaling, confer, processing, polysaccharides, dental, figure 22, medical, infection, statements, toxins, communities, interactions, growing, maturation, flask, floating, enables, single celled, destroy, prokaryotes, celled, modifications, attachment, division, ensure] | Sensing | sensing, bacteria, colonize, bacterial, equipment, signaling, microbial, antibiotics, implants, infections |
| 284 | 64 | 284_inertia_moment inertia_moment_angular | [inertia, moment inertia, moment, angular, angular momentum, torque, rotation, angular velocity, change angular, momentum, angular acceleration, direction torque, mass radius, axis, rotational, direction angular, point masses, rotational motion, moments, direction direction, angle angular, initial values, perpendicular length, direction, rod, mass object, fingers direction, velocity, acceleration, relative axis, acceleration angular, rotated, curl, explain effect, velocity angular, relationship, right hand, axis rotation, momentum direction, spun, radius, disk, perpendicular, mass, rotation angle, initial, child, thumb, analog, direction magnitude] | Moment of inertia | inertia, moment inertia, moment, angular, angular momentum, torque, rotation, angular velocity, change angular, momentum |
| 285 | 64 | 285_31_explain answer_answer_explain | [31, explain answer, answer, explain, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | 31 | 31, explain answer, answer, explain, , , , , , |
| 286 | 64 | 286_17 17_17_flickr_credit | [17 17, 17, flickr, credit, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | 17 | 17 17, 17, flickr, credit, , , , , , |
| 287 | 64 | 287_rate heat_conduction_heat transfer_transfer | [rate heat, conduction, heat transfer, transfer, heat, emissivity, rate, conductivity, temperature difference, thermal conductivity, convection, surface area, radiation, thickness, area, window, boltzmann, absolute temperature, temperature, heat transferred, transferred, boltzmann constant, wool, calculate, surface, roof, example 14, watts, specific heat, radiated, absolute, proportional, conductive, clothing, ceramic, difference, foot, thermal, percent increase, skin, material, temperature increase, assuming, solid phase, 14, time rate, inversely proportional, increase rate, inversely, net] | Rate of Heat Transfer | rate heat, conduction, heat transfer, transfer, heat, emissivity, rate, conductivity, temperature difference, thermal conductivity |
| 288 | 63 | 288_statements_following statements_false_true | [statements, following statements, false, true, following, statement, human eye, nondisjunction, correct, photoelectric effect, photoelectric, figure 24, figure 36, biomes, 24 following, note case, statement true, necessary change, 19 following, 30 34, 12 following, figure 35, 10 following, 21 10, ideal conditions, does result, phrase, 18 23, analogies, conditions, figure 28, figure 13, insects, nephron, figure, figure 27, 24, 36, divisions, errors, figure 41, 35, 13, eye, figure 39, word, figure 44, explanation, 28, einstein] | Statement | statements, following statements, false, true, following, statement, human eye, nondisjunction, correct, photoelectric effect |
| 289 | 63 | 289_tropical_forests_wet_temperate | [tropical, forests, wet, temperate, forest, annual, biome, grasses, desert, trees, figure 44, biomes, vegetation, 44, precipitation, ecosystems, dominated, variation, plants growing, ranges, rain, species diversity, disturbance, africa, lack, diversity, pronounced, north, dry, plant life, seasonal, south, months, northern, lightning, communities, growing, terrestrial, arctic, eventually, island, america, australia, sunlight, figure 46, dense, habitats, grow, plants, weather] | Tropical forests | tropical, forests, wet, temperate, forest, annual, biome, grasses, desert, trees |
| 290 | 63 | 290_alternative_pre_mrna_pre mrna | [alternative, pre, mrna, pre mrna, removed, rna, mrnas, pre mrnas, errors, sequences, 15 13, gene regulation, gene, alternatively, possible outcomes, mutations, 16 12, protein, single nucleotide, mechanism, human diseases, rna molecules, variant, molecules called, nonfunctional, poly, 1970s, rnas, processing, nucleotide, control, lead, outcomes, cancers, complexes, kinds, sequence, genes, coding, correspond, failure, prior, regulation, recognize, ultimately, removing, removal, figure 15, figure 16, different] | Alternative mRNA | alternative, pre, mrna, pre mrna, removed, rna, mrnas, pre mrnas, errors, sequences |
| 291 | 63 | 291_viscosity_fluids_fluid_oil | [viscosity, fluids, fluid, oil, shearing, shearing forces, syrup, pour, flow, liquids, viscous, motor, viscosities, shear, freely, resistance flow, honey, slowly, terminal speed, sideways, juice, 10 15, liquid, falls, definition, statics, flows, laminar, measure, zero, dynamics, narrow tube, fluid raised, geometrical, greater, flow fluid, small volume, use calculate, sticks, law describes, govern, greater force, law calculate, volume fluid, stationary, suppressed, help maintain, magnitude greater, essential life, ball] | Viscosity | viscosity, fluids, fluid, oil, shearing, shearing forces, syrup, pour, flow, liquids |
| 292 | 63 | 292_macrophages_white blood_blood cells_white | [macrophages, white blood, blood cells, white, pathogens, immune, inflammatory, lymphocytes, blood, invading, immune response, bacteria viruses, response, foreign, inflammatory response, inflammation, cells, bacteria, cells blood, cells body, infection, blood cell, phagocytosis, granules, approximately percent, red blood, cells different, cells immune, cells involved, foreign particles, figure 42, swelling, engulfs, 000, engulfed, involved, 42, injury, bone marrow, clean, marrow, remove, 800, bloodstream, cytoplasm, viruses, defense, peripheral, digest, damaged] | Macrophages | macrophages, white blood, blood cells, white, pathogens, immune, inflammatory, lymphocytes, blood, invading |
| 293 | 63 | 293_total work_path_area_cyclical | [total work, path, area, cyclical, work, curve, net work, work output, inside, closed loop, equals, loop, cd, figure 15, closed, total, calculate work, diagram, work force, force work, output, net, ab, strip, negative negative, abc, depends path, work equals, calculate total, interval, work input, 15, diagrams, diagram figure, negative, work work, strips, going, change volume, graph, multiplied, process, greater, curves, multiplied distance, anticipated, process represented, return, 12 following, negative meaning] | Cycle | total work, path, area, cyclical, work, curve, net work, work output, inside, closed loop |
| 294 | 63 | 294_sweat_cold_evaporation_pack | [sweat, cold, evaporation, pack, skin, ammonium nitrate, body temperature, ammonium, sweating, clothing, cool, instant, endothermic process, nitrate, evaporate, evaporation water, bag, body, hot, endothermic, feel, heat, cooling, days, dry, ammonium chloride, detect, heat exchange, thermal energy, removes, stressed, involuntary, humid, evaporating, energy body, humidity, heat vaporization, vaporization, endings, warm, thermal, hotter, sensation, cools, bulbs, climates, comes, people, cooled, water] | Evaporation | sweat, cold, evaporation, pack, skin, ammonium nitrate, body temperature, ammonium, sweating, clothing |
| 295 | 62 | 295_relativistic_relativistic momentum_momentum_low velocities | [relativistic, relativistic momentum, momentum, low velocities, classical, kinetic energy, approaches, velocities, kinetic, infinity, rest energy, total energy, conserved, 28, energy, energy obtained, low, speed light, factor, momentum conserved, momentum energy, rest, classically, inertial frames, energy conserved, velocity object, energy does, conservation, definitions, energy theorem, interesting, frames, relative observer, altered, compute, possibility, inertial, theorem, multiplied, extremely, valid, particles having, mass momentum, new insights, expression, work energy, energy car, intentionally, conservation energy, entering expression] | Relativistic Momentum | relativistic, relativistic momentum, momentum, low velocities, classical, kinetic energy, approaches, velocities, kinetic, infinity |
| 296 | 62 | 296_34_grams__ | [34, grams, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | 34 grams | 34, grams, , , , , , , , |
| 297 | 62 | 297_nadh_cytochrome_chain_transport | [nadh, cytochrome, chain, transport, aerobic respiration, oxidized, electron acceptor, reduced, electron, complex, carriers, respiration, acceptor, aerobic, atp, energy electrons, electrons, high energy, reduced form, produce atp, nadph, receives, complexes, pathway, living systems, captures, atp production, delivers, carrier, molecule, oxygen, picked, organic molecule, oxidative, steps, phosphorylation, oxygen molecule, reduce, composed, cyanide, psi, gtp, cellular respiration, component, inhibits, iv, derived, vitamin, mitochondrial, embedded] | Cytochrome Chain | nadh, cytochrome, chain, transport, aerobic respiration, oxidized, electron acceptor, reduced, electron, complex |
| 298 | 62 | 298_immune_innate_immune response_adaptive | [immune, innate, immune response, adaptive, pathogen, memory, adaptive immune, response, mucosal, immunity, pathogens, tolerance, immune responses, infection, responses, 42, effector, differentiate, defenses, host, antigens, systemic, harmless, insufficient, oral, protection, antigen, inappropriate, cleared, immune systems, mammalian, unnecessary, cells, persist, cell damage, cells differentiate, specific, autoimmune, attacks, targets, rapid, apcs, host cells, efficient, inflammation, pharynx, responds, exposed, complement, harmful] | Immune Response | immune, innate, immune response, adaptive, pathogen, memory, adaptive immune, response, mucosal, immunity |
| 299 | 62 | 299_dark_universe_matter_closure | [dark, universe, matter, closure, expansion, hubble, galactic, existence, forever, normal matter, luminous, galaxies, open closed, indirectly, critical, halt, curved, stop, open, needed, massive, density, closed, flat, recent, universal, expand, feel, constant, account, 34, credit nasa, approximate, implications, possibility, imply, age, unknown, theoretical, negatively, big, positively, normal, non, curvature, corresponds, nasa, idea, objects called, chargeless] | Dark matter | dark, universe, matter, closure, expansion, hubble, galactic, existence, forever, normal matter |
| 300 | 62 | 300_10 10_10__ | [10 10, 10, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Sure, the label for this topic is "10 10". | 10 10, 10, , , , , , , , |
| 301 | 62 | 301_33___ | [33, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | 33 | 33, , , , , , , , , |
| 302 | 62 | 302_elementary_overall reaction_elementary reactions_reaction | [elementary, overall reaction, elementary reactions, reaction, elementary reaction, reactants, reactant species, reactant, chemical reaction, overall, chemical equation, mechanism, reaction occurs, reaction overall, reaction mechanisms, product, reaction mechanism, left right, chemical, step, reactions, steps, low temperatures, products, equation represents, 12 reaction, reactant product, single step, collide, orientation, reaction products, proceeding, substances, reactants products, left, consumed, reacting, adequate, right, reactions occur, colliding, reaction reaction, formulas, typically, mechanisms, arrow, equation, collision, cases, temperatures] | Elementary Reactions | elementary, overall reaction, elementary reactions, reaction, elementary reaction, reactants, reactant species, reactant, chemical reaction, overall |
| 303 | 61 | 303_silk_rod_van graaff_graaff | [silk, rod, van graaff, graaff, positively charged, charged, positively, van, amber, generator, glass, positive charge, sphere, charges, charge, positive, negative charge, leaving, repel, brought, cloth, negative, rubbing, spheres, neutral, net, attracted, transfer charge, negative charges, 18 11, negatively charged, hair, net charge, similarly, positive negative, negatively, removed, near, touching, excess, separated, like charges, figure 18, pulled, positive charges, contact, objects, pieces, transferred, rods] | Van Graaff Generator | silk, rod, van graaff, graaff, positively charged, charged, positively, van, amber, generator |
| 304 | 61 | 304_junction_rules_rule_currents | [junction, rules, rule, currents, loop rule, circuit, loop, applying, used analyze, sum, circuits, analyze, 21, series parallel, figure 21, closed loop, conservation laws, circuit figure, algebraic, example 21, application, simple complex, conservation, 21 45, closed, conventions, analysis, simpler, new information, flowing, equal sum, apply, equation example, substituting values, decide, solve unknown, laws, series, going, second, parallel, potential, signs, complicated, changes, zero, does appear, special cases, total voltage, verify] | Junction | junction, rules, rule, currents, loop rule, circuit, loop, applying, used analyze, sum |
| 305 | 61 | 305_rods_cones_retina_bipolar | [rods, cones, retina, bipolar, ear, sensory, retinal, transduction, vision, olfactory, middle ear, receptor, neuron, figure 36, receptors, middle, eye, sense, neural, cone, 36, light, peripheral, shades, light enters, vestibular, responds, images, detect, auditory, periphery, focus, outer, receives, inner, rod, signal, sound waves, dim, visual, nerve, denser, cells, defect, signals, taste, color, touch, edges, low light] | Retina | rods, cones, retina, bipolar, ear, sensory, retinal, transduction, vision, olfactory |
| 306 | 61 | 306_86_89_87_91 | [86, 89, 87, 91, 88, 90, ne, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | The label for this topic is "Ages". It refers to the numerical values 86, | 86, 89, 87, 91, 88, 90, ne, , , |
| 307 | 61 | 307_13_large large_large_ | [13, large large, large, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Sure, the label for this topic is "Large". | 13, large large, large, , , , , , , |
| 308 | 61 | 308_train_journey_trains_example example | [train, journey, trains, example example, commuter, decelerates, track, station, plus sign, starts rest, acceleration, wheels, velocity, starts, moving direction, left, exert, accelerates, figure 18, linear velocity, accelerate, sign, beginning, force friction, plus, rest, revolutions, stop, fairly, position, slowly, reasonable, distance, slows, average speed, negative, dc, moving, average velocity, distance traveled, solution distance, decelerates rate, 18, backward, velocity increases, streamlined, solution average, taking square, distance speed, fairly large] | Train journey | train, journey, trains, example example, commuter, decelerates, track, station, plus sign, starts rest |
| 309 | 61 | 309_recoil_shell_gun_barrel | [recoil, shell, gun, barrel, fired, air resistance, shoulder, bullet, explosion, cannon, kg, plunger, highest point, explode, fires, arrives, launch, negligible, velocity, ship, trajectory, display, squid, horizontal, highest, resistance negligible, loosely, accelerated, angle horizontal, professional application, sound, away, professional, hear, opposing, resistance, flash, pieces, initial, figure 36, horizontally, fuse, initial velocity, large distance, recoils, movement figure, mounted, air, fragments, projectile] | Recoil | recoil, shell, gun, barrel, fired, air resistance, shoulder, bullet, explosion, cannon |
| 310 | 61 | 310_sporophyte_gametophyte_life cycle_sporangia | [sporophyte, gametophyte, life cycle, sporangia, alternation generations, alternation, stage, fern, generations, cycle, dominant, life, pine, vascular plants, stage life, free living, bryophytes, mature, conspicuous, underside, cone, plants, ferns, 2n, seed plants, mosses, club, sporophytes, gametophytes, zanker credit, vascular, generation, seedless, like structures, work cory, cones, diploid, structures called, arranged, phase, cory, lifecycle, cory zanker, zanker, moss, dominated, conifers, leaves, seed, longest] | Life cycle | sporophyte, gametophyte, life cycle, sporangia, alternation generations, alternation, stage, fern, generations, cycle |
| 311 | 60 | 311_plates_conducting_plate_electric field | [plates, conducting, plate, electric field, field strength, strength, potential difference, electric, separated, 00 cm, parallel, voltage, uniform, field, separation, uniform electric, cm, opposite charges, potential, difference, field parallel, given maximum, charges, field uniform, applied voltage, force charge, charge, uniformly, 00, values gives, volts, close, maximum, electric potential, applied, crucial, opposite, closest, close figure, calculated directly, air given, figure 19, 19, metal, note units, expression, 30 years, rolled, strength needed, note equation] | Electric field strength | plates, conducting, plate, electric field, field strength, strength, potential difference, electric, separated, 00 cm |
| 312 | 60 | 312_pair geometry_geometry_electron pair_molecular structure | [pair geometry, geometry, electron pair, molecular structure, pair, trigonal, bipyramidal, central atom, trigonal bipyramidal, lone, bond, trigonal planar, molecular, tetrahedral, electron, central, structure, planar, equatorial, lone pair, structure following, pairs, covalent bond, positions, lone pairs, angles, electron density, atom, bond angles, regions, pyramidal, axial, bonding, predict, regions electron, lewis, molecule, shared atoms, regions high, bond covalent, covalent, high electron, electrons shared, valence, following molecules, lewis structures, repulsion, octahedral, atom central, pairs electrons] | Pair Geometry | pair geometry, geometry, electron pair, molecular structure, pair, trigonal, bipyramidal, central atom, trigonal bipyramidal, lone |
| 313 | 60 | 313_heads_tails_orderly_coin | [heads, tails, orderly, coin, 100, macrostate, penny, possibilities, 50, chance, microstates, likely, change entropy, table 15, probable, 60, tail, outcome, quarter, 51, 49, ways, getting, 40, structured, start, reverse, entropy, number microstates, subscript, arrangement, cup, die, total number, coming, equally, array, 75, time likely, roughly equal, head, calculate probability, 45, random, 55, calls, 30 32, possible outcomes, 15 entropy, rate long] | Heads or Tails | heads, tails, orderly, coin, 100, macrostate, penny, possibilities, 50, chance |
| 314 | 60 | 314_octet_electrons_valence_central atom | [octet, electrons, valence, central atom, distribute, rule, electronegative, valence electrons, central, atom, remaining, satisfy, multiple bonds, shell, form covalent, valence shell, hcch, atoms form, bonds central, electronegative atom, bonds, lone, lone pairs, rearrange, hcn, covalent bonds, atoms, terminal, electrons valence, seven, chlorine, electron, odd, obtain, covalent, number electrons, unpaired electrons, occupies, correct number, pairs, outer, accepting, unpaired, atoms hydrogen, outermost, electrons form, atoms electrons, electron configuration, outer shell, bonds atoms] | Valence | octet, electrons, valence, central atom, distribute, rule, electronegative, valence electrons, central, atom |
| 315 | 60 | 315_diffusion_concentration gradient_diffusion rate_gradient | [diffusion, concentration gradient, diffusion rate, gradient, concentration, rate, factors affect, rates, molar mass, movement, low concentration, substance, high concentration, evenly, medium, concentration low, molecular motion, transport, affect rate, molar, diffusing, net, average distance, affect, substances, diffuse, random, proportional, process, passive, diffuses, slow, factors, slower, air given, constant determined, slow process, molecular size, rate decreases, mass relative, area available, 12 molecular, transport process, gradient membrane, coloring, increasing concentration, important concept, membrane surface, distance, area] | Diffusion | diffusion, concentration gradient, diffusion rate, gradient, concentration, rate, factors affect, rates, molar mass, movement |
| 316 | 60 | 316_yes td_yes_organelles_plant cells | [yes td, yes, organelles, plant cells, cell wall, organelle, animal cells, vacuole, cell, plant cell, wall, plant, cytoskeleton, cell walls, cells plant, vacuoles, ribosomes, cells cell, endoplasmic reticulum, endoplasmic, cells, reticulum, membrane, structural support, provides structural, plasma membrane, animal, cytoplasm, cellular, membrane bound, chloroplasts, walls, cell membrane, lysosomes, plasma, structural, lipids, vesicles, central, cytosol, provides, rigidity, storage, cell cell, nucleolus, shape, functions, eukaryotic, nucleus, plural] | Cell | yes td, yes, organelles, plant cells, cell wall, organelle, animal cells, vacuole, cell, plant cell |
| 317 | 60 | 317_exoskeleton_cuticle_arthropods_endoskeleton | [exoskeleton, cuticle, arthropods, endoskeleton, shed, periodically, muscles, tough, hard, arthropod, polysaccharide, skeleton, covering, crustaceans, crab, ecdysozoa, internal organs, flexible, grow, outer, attachment, attached, body surface, calcium carbonate, protective, crabs, protects, insects, figure 38, protect, water loss, movement, old, strip, growth, actual, support, covers, enables, carbonate, animals, physiological, composed, internal, calcium, external, animal, organism, predators, grows] | Arthropod exoskeleton | exoskeleton, cuticle, arthropods, endoskeleton, shed, periodically, muscles, tough, hard, arthropod |
| 318 | 60 | 318_rutherford_alpha_foil_gold | [rutherford, alpha, foil, gold, particles, alpha particle, deflected, positively charged, positively, nucleus, scattering, experiment, charged, crash, ernest, scatter, helium, massive, nuclei, radioactive, hit, experiments, particle, magnetic electric, rays originate, fired, size nucleus, traces, scattered, radioactive decay, fast moving, colleagues, incredible, firing, high speed, beam, becquerel, occasionally, radium, nuclear radiation, protons, passed, small, glow, piece, went, head, rays, size, evidence] | Rtherford | rutherford, alpha, foil, gold, particles, alpha particle, deflected, positively charged, positively, nucleus |
| 319 | 60 | 319_balloon_balloons_hot air_helium | [balloon, balloons, hot air, helium, filled, original volume, air, volume, hot, greater equal, flight, mount, atm, buoyant, torr, let, pressure, temperature pressure, lifting, connections home, effort, refrigerator, volume temperature, opening, original, valve, sea level, hydrogen gas, pressure volume, home experiment, buoyant force, cool, making connections, gauge pressure, 745, contains specific, ground level, rafts, gas, partial pressure, hours, inside, upward, just barely, 09, shrink, direction change, cold, progresses, average temperature] | Balloon | balloon, balloons, hot air, helium, filled, original volume, air, volume, hot, greater equal |
| 320 | 60 | 320_evolution_darwin_theory evolution_convergent | [evolution, darwin, theory evolution, convergent, natural selection, charles darwin, evolve, theory, selection, book, convergent evolution, charles, divergent, independently, natural, evolutionary, understanding, biologists, wrote, multiple species, species, publication, came, origin, evolving, nineteenth century, nineteenth, adaptations, traits, common, mechanism, society, share, published, enormous, presented, concept, common ancestor, statement, similar, organisms, word, understand, diverse, difficult, early nineteenth, parallels, interpreting, think terms, biology] | Evolution | evolution, darwin, theory evolution, convergent, natural selection, charles darwin, evolve, theory, selection, book |
| 321 | 59 | 321_velocity electron_electron_accelerated_kinetic energy | [velocity electron, electron, accelerated, kinetic energy, electron kinetic, energy electron, kinetic, proton, velocity, rest, momentum, relativistic, electron electron, van graaff, compares, graaff, energy ev, ev, calculate, electron having, accelerated rest, gev, mass electron, energy calculate, speed, calculate velocity, accelerating, van, final speed, electrical potential, angular momentum, rest energy, revolutions, rest mass, calculate energy, energy given, calculate magnitude, broglie, lost, radius, potential, classical, radius curvature, energy, angular, obtained, orbit, mev, having, point calculate] | Electron Velocity | velocity electron, electron, accelerated, kinetic energy, electron kinetic, energy electron, kinetic, proton, velocity, rest |
| 322 | 59 | 322_capacitor_capacitors_capacitance_stored | [capacitor, capacitors, capacitance, stored, energy stored, charge stored, store, charge voltage, voltage applied, applied capacitor, physical characteristics, charge, voltage, 19, applied, given charge, dielectric, figure 19, applied voltage, charge charge, device used, voltage capacitor, electrical potential, inserted, storing, major, device, circuit, characteristics, factors, connected, needed, size figure, circumstance, 19 22, used variety, able list, true general, large charge, pf, depends, different amounts, reversing, physical, does energy, voltage voltage, capacitor voltage, size, 14 shows, expresses] | Capacitance | capacitor, capacitors, capacitance, stored, energy stored, charge stored, store, charge voltage, voltage applied, applied capacitor |
| 323 | 59 | 323_meters_meters second_seconds_inches | [meters, meters second, seconds, inches, convert, meter, kilometers, need convert, kilometer, feet, units, second, unit time, si, mile, centimeters, unit, si unit, need, si units, hours, miles, distances, squared, equals, arithmetic, convert units, foot, ft, conversion, equator, north pole, abbreviated, time, conversion factor, km, reported, assume, football, construction, want, cancel, convenient unit, measured terms, number unit, yield number, note units, literally means, time equation, customary] | Time Measurement | meters, meters second, seconds, inches, convert, meter, kilometers, need convert, kilometer, feet |
| 324 | 59 | 324_63_76_67_ | [63, 76, 67, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Sure, the topic is about the numbers 63, 76, and 67 | 63, 76, 67, , , , , , , |
| 325 | 59 | 325_connection questions_visual connection_visual_questions | [connection questions, visual connection, visual, questions, connection, 74, septum, chordate, connection figure, events, features, figure 29, evolutionary, 29, produce, figure, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Connection questions | connection questions, visual connection, visual, questions, connection, 74, septum, chordate, connection figure, events |
| 326 | 59 | 326_elevator_scale_upward_bathroom scale | [elevator, scale, upward, bathroom scale, bathroom, weight, reading, person, downward, accelerating, accelerates, beam light, load, stationary, upward force, equal weight, read, accelerated, weightless, constant speed, greater weight, 23 shows, passengers, forces acting, acting, beam, free fall, constant velocity, lb, rest, cable, standing, equal, force equal, floor, equal magnitude, stands, pushing, man, gives discussion, strikes, tell, moves, gravity, final velocity, effects gravity, cruising, rest rate, reach velocity, shows effect] | Upward | elevator, scale, upward, bathroom scale, bathroom, weight, reading, person, downward, accelerating |
| 327 | 58 | 327_stomata_transpiration_leaf_guard | [stomata, transpiration, leaf, guard, stoma, closing, openings, water vapor, opening, draws, water loss, exchange, loss water, vapor, open, gas exchange, water, surround, close, enters, increasing rate, hot dry, allow, root hairs, atmosphere, loss, figure 30, underside, water balance, water enters, lost, external environment, oxygen water, uptake, mesophyll, exits, regulating, hairs, singular, regulate, conserve, spaces, reducing, pores, carbon dioxide, leaves, dioxide, roles, evaporation, gases] | Stoma | stomata, transpiration, leaf, guard, stoma, closing, openings, water vapor, opening, draws |
| 328 | 57 | 328_hydroxides_salts_sodium hydroxide_oxides | [hydroxides, salts, sodium hydroxide, oxides, prepare, sodium, hydroxide, metals, react acids, used prepare, soluble, react, possible prepare, alkali, oxide, solutions, metal, insoluble, chlorine, sodium chloride, chloride, electrolysis, acids, scandium, representative metals, carbonates, metals group, aqueous, reactions, metal ions, alkali metals, salt, representative, cobalt, oxides hydroxides, form solution, react form, electrochemical, examples, accepting, form, acids form, metal oxides, chlorides, aluminum oxide, solution sodium, chemicals, respective, dissolved, strong base] | Hydroxide | hydroxides, salts, sodium hydroxide, oxides, prepare, sodium, hydroxide, metals, react acids, used prepare |
| 329 | 57 | 329_cell type_multicellular_cells_living cells | [cell type, multicellular, cells, living cells, living, cell, organisms, cells arise, trillions, necessity, cell types, celled, new cells, multicellular organism, cell structure, basic unit, cell divisions, cells specialized, living cell, individual cells, single cells, single cell, light microscope, transform, building blocks, structure function, divisions, organism, building, existing, vital, unified, inside cell, multicellular organisms, single celled, microscope, communication, arise, communicate, basic, comprise, viewed, diverse, complex, early life, order produce, cell smallest, function cells, living things, blocks] | Cells | cell type, multicellular, cells, living cells, living, cell, organisms, cells arise, trillions, necessity |
| 330 | 57 | 330_ultrasound_ultrasonic_medical_fetus | [ultrasound, ultrasonic, medical, fetus, imaging, intensities, cancerous, figure 17, deep, applications, medical diagnostics, therapy, employs, skin, abdominal, 17, journey, diagnostics, image, medical imaging, tumors, tissue, reveal, reflects, gel, used, commonly used, intensity, sound, practice, industrial, frequency, wavelength, like wave, device measuring, medicine, speed sound, used treatment, injured, industrial applications, frequencies range, db, frequencies, damage caused, couples, overheating, range, health, used medicine, diagnoses] | Ultrasound | ultrasound, ultrasonic, medical, fetus, imaging, intensities, cancerous, figure 17, deep, applications |
| 331 | 57 | 331_asexual_asexual reproduction_reproduction_asexually | [asexual, asexual reproduction, reproduction, asexually, sexual reproduction, sexual, genetically identical, artificial, genetically, offspring, fragmentation, reproducing, sexually, methods, reproduce asexually, parent, advantage, produce offspring, reproduce, budding, identical parent, advantages, parent plant, disadvantages, individual, identical, thallus, natural, animal species, mutations, propagate, benefits, new, agents, plants, produces, evolutionary, sea, rosendahl, work rosendahl, produced single, 32, plant, evolutionary advantages, following compare, plants credit, response environmental, sequence called, plants reproduce, takes advantage] | Asexual Reproduction | asexual, asexual reproduction, reproduction, asexually, sexual reproduction, sexual, genetically identical, artificial, genetically, offspring |
| 332 | 57 | 332_thyroid_thyroid gland_iodine_gland | [thyroid, thyroid gland, iodine, gland, thyroid hormones, follicle, colloid, figure 37, condition, hormones, diet, glands, actively transported, neck, iodine 131, contains atoms, 37, hormone, thyroxine, posterior, gland located, synthesize, condition called, 131, glycoprotein, cancerous, insufficient, lead, concentrate, metabolic rate, actively, iodide, lobes, essential, located, cells associated, excess heat, exposes, transported, inadequate, intellectual, approximately 30, concentrates, times higher, cancerous cells, aggressive, relatively long, cells resulting, leading, levels blood] | Thyroid | thyroid, thyroid gland, iodine, gland, thyroid hormones, follicle, colloid, figure 37, condition, hormones |
| 333 | 57 | 333_fiber_fibers_optical_bundle | [fiber, fibers, optical, bundle, total internal, optics, transmitted, internal reflection, index, refraction, transmission, figure 25, reflected, reflection, light, index refraction, used explore, prevents, used transmit, telephone, light entering, messages, refractive, crown glass, glass, light ray, totally, crown, internal, 25, minor, core, tiny, lenses, strike, angles, focused, property, transmit, corners, plastic, entering, angle, image, illuminate, minimizing, signals, 54, revolutionized, undesirable] | Optical Bundle | fiber, fibers, optical, bundle, total internal, optics, transmitted, internal reflection, index, refraction |
| 334 | 57 | 334_meiosis_mitosis_division_meiotic | [meiosis, mitosis, division, meiotic, haploid, ii, haploid cells, daughter, prophase, daughter cells, chromosomes, diploid, crossover, divisions, interphase, ploidy, chromatids, daughter nuclei, homologous chromosomes, homologous, events, stages, rounds, sexual reproduction, cells resulting, genetically, reduction, sexual, cell division, parent, number chromosomes, cells, nuclei, multicellular, round, resulting, gametes, sister, chromosome, produces gametes, cells nuclei, life cycle, reproduction, produced meiosis, distinct, differences, cellular processes, multicellular organism, sister chromatids, cells produced] | Meiosis | meiosis, mitosis, division, meiotic, haploid, ii, haploid cells, daughter, prophase, daughter cells |
| 335 | 57 | 335_vapor pressure_vapor_pressure water_pressure | [vapor pressure, vapor, pressure water, pressure, water vapor, liquid, liquid vapor, container, solvent, closed container, solvent molecules, pressure exerted, pressure solution, nonvolatile, equilibrium vapor, gas phase, lowering, vaporization, temperature vapor, equilibrium, pressure liquid, partial, pressure gas, mole fraction, kpa, liquid solid, solution containing, partial pressure, pressure vapor, phase, pure, ideal solution, closed, law calculate, temperature, pure water, solution assuming, pressure equal, equilibrium reached, 10 24, exerted, condensation, solution, boiling, equilibrium established, pressure temperature, torr, evaporation, substance, gas] | Vapor Pressure | vapor pressure, vapor, pressure water, pressure, water vapor, liquid, liquid vapor, container, solvent, closed container |
| 336 | 57 | 336_30_explain answer_answer_explain | [30, explain answer, answer, explain, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | 30 | 30, explain answer, answer, explain, , , , , , |
| 337 | 57 | 337_carbon cycle_carbon_atmosphere_carbon dioxide | [carbon cycle, carbon, atmosphere, carbon dioxide, dioxide atmosphere, dioxide, methane, sediments, producers, land, carbon compounds, organic, cycle, living organisms, decomposers, consumers, organic compounds, returned, ocean, land plants, reservoir, anoxic, oceans, acidification, living, terrestrial, plants, respiration, autotrophs, coal, dealing, dioxide gas, form carbon, organisms, dead, fossil fuels, compounds, decomposition, available, emissions, carbon carbon, natural gas, rock, oxidize, underground, incorporated, prokaryotes, rocks, release, fuels] | Carbon Cycle | carbon cycle, carbon, atmosphere, carbon dioxide, dioxide atmosphere, dioxide, methane, sediments, producers, land |
| 338 | 56 | 338_amphibians_snakes_salamanders_feather | [amphibians, snakes, salamanders, feather, clade, limbs, fish, frogs, amphibian, lizards, mammal, reptiles, chordates, 29, gland, cranium, figure 29, genus, temporal, tail, notochord, jaw, hollow nerve, mammals, dorsal hollow, vertebrata, earliest, hollow, belongs, dorsal, anal, body plan, nerve cord, pharyngeal, fishes, organ, plan, access, bird, birds, adult, oldest known, reptiles birds, extant, possession, biology 2e, multimedia, multimedia content, access multimedia, books biology] | Amphibians | amphibians, snakes, salamanders, feather, clade, limbs, fish, frogs, amphibian, lizards |
| 339 | 56 | 339_expansion_thermal expansion_thermal_coefficient | [expansion, thermal expansion, thermal, coefficient, expand, change temperature, volume expansion, stress, change length, linear, solids liquids, plug, temperature, temperature increases, hole, stresses, increasing temperature, solids, change, temperature changes, expanding, dimensions, change volume, liquids, thermal equilibrium, temperature thermal, slightly larger, volume change, 13, slightly, coefficients, constrained, length, temperature change, orders magnitude, glass, figure 13, bridges, bigger, given initial, stress strain, volume, contraction, varies, expands, contract, orders, area, increases, changes change] | Expansion | expansion, thermal expansion, thermal, coefficient, expand, change temperature, volume expansion, stress, change length, linear |
| 340 | 56 | 340_diploid_haploid_polyploidy_gametes | [diploid, haploid, polyploidy, gametes, haploid gametes, haploid cells, produce haploid, meiosis, diploid cells, body forms, multicellular, reproducing, life cycles, alternation generations, alternation, number chromosome, unite, chromosome sets, sexually, form multicellular, robust, diploid organisms, copies, diploid cell, cells produced, egg sperm, generations, animals, error, fertilization, zygote, meiotic, sperm, egg, life cycle, cycles, copy, viable, life, reproductive, organisms, gamete, different species, unicellular, germ, offspring, forms, dominant, genetically, sets] | Haploidization | diploid, haploid, polyploidy, gametes, haploid gametes, haploid cells, produce haploid, meiosis, diploid cells, body forms |
| 341 | 56 | 341_mercury_mercury ii_cadmium_toxic | [mercury, mercury ii, cadmium, toxic, metals, ii oxide, safe, alkali metals, expose, stream, oxide, poisonous, alkali, ii, dental, compounds contain, fish, decomposes, hg, fatal, consume, compounds, metal, elemental, children, diatomic, low, exhibits, containing ion, used industry, reviewing, billion, credit sahar, oxidation state, low cost, epa, easier, health, corrosive, eighteenth, species bacteria, compounds known, parts million, longevity, used large, mean say, low concentrations, environmental protection, heated, weight] | Toxic Metals | mercury, mercury ii, cadmium, toxic, metals, ii oxide, safe, alkali metals, expose, stream |
| 342 | 56 | 342_resistance_resistivity_resistance resistance_resistances | [resistance, resistivity, resistance resistance, resistances, total resistance, resistance resistivity, path, material, resistant, resistor, shape, smallest, sectional area, cross sectional, sectional, internal resistance, example current, depend path, greater resistance, resulting increase, doing, resistance greater, resistor circuit, physics lab, posed, person holding, readout, shape size, person, constant process, correct number, effective resistance, object depends, earth figure, value, resistance flow, composed, representative values, cylinder, assuming constant, person body, total, significant digits, ns, constriction, 20 10, asks, quick, rectangular, shoes] | Resistance | resistance, resistivity, resistance resistance, resistances, total resistance, resistance resistivity, path, material, resistant, resistor |
| 343 | 56 | 343_china_economic_countries_resources | [china, economic, countries, resources, energy consumption, world, energy resources, energy needs, india, sources, energy use, consumption, energy sources, needs, meet, oil, coal, gdp, solar, transportation, united states, energy, united, especially, states energy, cities, global, growing, dominate, 2006, commercial, consumer, estimates, percentage, dominated, largest, use energy, growth, mix, natural gas, contributions, wind, states, biomass, use, australia, source, consequences, fuels, wood] | China's Economic Resources | china, economic, countries, resources, energy consumption, world, energy resources, energy needs, india, sources |
| 344 | 56 | 344_22 23_19 20_23 24_18 19 | [22 23, 19 20, 23 24, 18 19, 23, 19, 30, 20, 30 18, 21 26, 23 21, 21 30, 23 28, 19 22, 28, 23 20, 19 30, 20 24, 21 23, 19 21, 21, 18 20, 27, 18, 24, 22, 18 18, 26, 29, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | **22, 23, 2 | 22 23, 19 20, 23 24, 18 19, 23, 19, 30, 20, 30 18, 21 26 |
| 345 | 56 | 345_forces_force field_concept_forces discussed | [forces, force field, concept, forces discussed, force, surrounds, object distance, experience, tension, basic forces, field, discussed section, field field, carries, basic, real, discussed, object, fifth, large distances, distances, relative strengths, forces act, electromagnetic, standards, electromagnetic force, electric charge, macroscopic, table 33, examples, thrust, gravitational, lift, mapping, motions, apparent, act, distance, directly, gravity, names, pull, rope, strengths, forces vary, unanswered, capable producing, fundamental, precision, manifest] | Forces | forces, force field, concept, forces discussed, force, surrounds, object distance, experience, tension, basic forces |
| 346 | 56 | 346_gel_fragments_dna_nucleic | [gel, fragments, dna, nucleic, southern, dna fragments, nucleic acid, genomic dna, northern, nylon, genomic, nucleic acids, extraction, sequences, electrode, fluorescent, dna rna, scientists, restriction, probe, basis, dna sequence, figure 17, sequence, run, detect presence, dna dna, detect, stained, size, scientists use, cut, molecular cloning, separate, uv light, dna sequences, researchers use, read, rice, rna, loaded, dye, separated, extract, technique, dyes, institute, specific, fragment, bands] | DNA fragments | gel, fragments, dna, nucleic, southern, dna fragments, nucleic acid, genomic dna, northern, nylon |
| 347 | 56 | 347_differ_structured_similar_radii | [differ, structured, similar, radii, difference, account, exotic, differences, particles having, ways, explain reason, involuntarily, definitely, notably, presence absence, striations, explain happens, better understanding, share, broad range, distinct, different, systematics, explain difference, quite different, sure, outcomes, location, bands, notochord, adults, similarities, attempt, rigid, frequently, behave, circumstances, rare, distinguish, broad, strengths, words, absence, greatly, massive, unstable, generate, notice, phenomena, corresponding] | Differences | differ, structured, similar, radii, difference, account, exotic, differences, particles having, ways |
| 348 | 56 | 348_hybridization_central atom_central_atom | [hybridization, central atom, central, atom, nitrogen atom, carbon atom, hybridized, atom central, carbon atoms, lone, nitrogen, carbon, electron density, regions electron, sp, atoms, following compounds, atom surrounded, exhibit, delocalized, geometry, oxygen nitrogen, selenium, lone pairs, amine, molecular geometry, following molecules, regions, ammonium ion, requested, following, xenon, pairs electrons, exercise, lone pair, urea, identify, trigonal, ammonium, explain observed, valence, molecule example, form atoms, clno, surrounded, atoms lone, sulfur, cl, ions contain, compounds ions] | Hybridization | hybridization, central atom, central, atom, nitrogen atom, carbon atom, hybridized, atom central, carbon atoms, lone |
| 349 | 56 | 349_36_explain__ | [36, explain, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | 36 | 36, explain, , , , , , , , |
| 350 | 55 | 350_collagen_connective_fibers_connective tissue | [collagen, connective, fibers, connective tissue, matrix, calcium, bones, tissue, fibrous, tissues, loose, mineral, calcium phosphate, figure 33, salts, hypothesis, elastic, calcification, stain, 33, test hypothesis, test, nonliving, inorganic, fiber, adequate, living cells, bone, regarding, placing, connect, organic, prediction, secrete, strands, material, seven days, kidney stones, organic substances, fibrous protein, phosphate, vessel, protein, minerals, place figure, effect does, contains large, whichever, substance called, weakness] | Collagen | collagen, connective, fibers, connective tissue, matrix, calcium, bones, tissue, fibrous, tissues |
| 351 | 55 | 351_redox_oxidation reduction_redox reactions_oxidation | [redox, oxidation reduction, redox reactions, oxidation, reduction, oxidant, redox reaction, reactions, oxidation number, reaction, previous exercise, reactions involve, half reaction, oxidation numbers, reactions involving, oxidized, active metal, chemistry, process involves, previous, electron atom, unchanged, identify, review, elements, identified, half reactions, involve, exercise, entry, involving, half, class, topic, reactant, definition, compound, proceed, number defined, scope chapter, element oxygen, text chapter, equations, reduced, electrode, combustion reactions, involves transfer, electron molecule, lose, used chemical] | Redox | redox, oxidation reduction, redox reactions, oxidation, reduction, oxidant, redox reaction, reactions, oxidation number, reaction |
| 352 | 55 | 352_aorta_artery_flow_flow rate | [aorta, artery, flow, flow rate, blood flow, capillaries, plaque, blood, vessel, radius, pressure difference, diameter, blood velocity, capillary, rate, constriction, sectional area, arteries, cross sectional, sectional, blood vessel, laminar, factor, reduced, deposits, slower, turbulence, example 12, speed, average, average speed, narrower, 12 calculating, beds, increase blood, calculate number, circulatory, decrease, meters, radii, min, increased, cross, seconds, assuming, average velocity, branches, decreased, velocity, adjustments] | Flow | aorta, artery, flow, flow rate, blood flow, capillaries, plaque, blood, vessel, radius |
| 353 | 55 | 353_power_dissipated_power supplied_power output | [power, dissipated, power supplied, power output, output, average power, strategy solution, calculate power, mw, example 23, power input, transmission lines, supplied, transmission, factor, power voltage, losses, load, output current, transmit, voltage, 23 12, input, line, needed, expressions, values gives, 100, motor, current, cos, gives discussion, strategy, average, lines, derivation, easiest way, ratio new, use source, solution average, proven, way calculate, rate watts, cos cos, solution total, small value, commons example, energy strategy, old, angle given] | Power | power, dissipated, power supplied, power output, output, average power, strategy solution, calculate power, mw, example 23 |
| 354 | 55 | 354_colloidal_colloids_dispersed_colloid | [colloidal, colloids, dispersed, colloid, particles, dispersion, settle, mixtures, liquid, relatively large, solute, electrically charged, solid, electrically, milk, dissolved water, medium, elevation, dissolved, credit photo, solvent, gel, point elevation, solid liquid, photo modification, osmotic pressure, freezing point, semipermeable membrane, solubility, molality, semipermeable, liquid solid, heterogeneous, mud, osmotic, charged, suspension, dispersing, depression, amphiphilic, starch, freezing, photo, suspended, mixture, electrolyte, solvated, methods, proportionality constant, electrostatic attraction] | Dispersion | colloidal, colloids, dispersed, colloid, particles, dispersion, settle, mixtures, liquid, relatively large |
| 355 | 55 | 355_ammonia_ammonium_ammonium ion_industrial | [ammonia, ammonium, ammonium ion, industrial, base, weak base, hydrogen molecules, nitrogen hydrogen, household, fertilizer, production, decomposition, hydrogen, nitrogen, industrial production, favoring, number hydrogen, setup, molecular nitrogen, hydroxide, ion water, given number, reaction hydrogen, reacts, volumes, base reaction, molecules produced, check learning, equilibrium, lewis base, enthalpy vaporization, react, nitrogen gas, 13 figure, equilibrium mixture, ion, acidic, manufacture, hydroxide ion, laboratory, check, hydroxide ions, burns, weak, weaker, hydrogen gas, acid base, stoichiometric, reaction, molecules] | Ammonium | ammonia, ammonium, ammonium ion, industrial, base, weak base, hydrogen molecules, nitrogen hydrogen, household, fertilizer |
| 356 | 55 | 356_conditioning_rats_stimulus_bell | [conditioning, rats, stimulus, bell, learned, food, days, dog, classical, response, dogs, figure 45, training, learning, learn, day, group, punishment, 45, run, iii, associated, fed, lever, caught, seven, associate, behaviors, experiments, behavior, classic, started, language, trial, behavioral, ii, eventually, modified, runs, control, consequences, starting, powerful, seven days, thoughts, wolfgang, intelligent, intelligence, cited, respond] | Conditioning | conditioning, rats, stimulus, bell, learned, food, days, dog, classical, response |
| 357 | 55 | 357_coral_ocean_calcium carbonate_marine | [coral, ocean, calcium carbonate, marine, waters, carbonate, skeletons, acidification, calcium, algae, symbiotic, marine invertebrates, dinoflagellates, acidity, lose, warming, invertebrates, mutualism, major component, symbionts, shelter, colloids, underwater, build, relationship, global warming, algal, symbiotic relationship, massive, health, mutualistic, cnidaria, global, food chain, photosynthetic, colonies, 11, seawater, rising, decline, home, nutrition, world, ecosystems, healthy, die, secrete, animals, diverse, figure 44] | Coral Reefs | coral, ocean, calcium carbonate, marine, waters, carbonate, skeletons, acidification, calcium, algae |
| 358 | 55 | 358_black holes_black_holes_black hole | [black holes, black, holes, black hole, hole, star, galaxies, galactic, stars, galaxy, energetic, candidates, distant, bang, big bang, cores, evidence, companion, big, supernova, existence, escape, massive, supernovas, bursts, proof, neutron, extremely, dim, created, objects, matter, milky, possibilities, center, vast, sun, thought, centers, year, possibility, observe, forming, consistent, ones, nasa, exist, slow process, trillions, scientists developed] | Black Hole | black holes, black, holes, black hole, hole, star, galaxies, galactic, stars, galaxy |
| 359 | 55 | 359_biology_science_biologists_study | [biology, science, biologists, study, scientific, biochemistry, paper, biologists study, physiology, physics chemistry, molecular biology, disciplines, biology study, chemistry, author, biological, findings, living, organism, scientific method, nonliving, studies, reasoning, alive, summarizes, structure function, living things, research, study biological, hypothesis, scientific disciplines, chemistry physics, experimental results, particular area, courses, understand, knowledge, anatomy, comparative, sciences, experimental, aims, pursue, fundamental unit, geology, applied science, life, cell signaling, broad, cells tissues] | Biology | biology, science, biologists, study, scientific, biochemistry, paper, biologists study, physiology, physics chemistry |
| 360 | 54 | 360_cation_electrons_loses_lose electrons | [cation, electrons, loses, lose electrons, lose, noble gas, noble, valence, gain, number electrons, ion, electrons lost, atom, charged ions, shell, electrons atom, ions, gain electrons, charged, lost, electrons form, group 17, valence shell, electron shell, cations, readily, electrons valence, negatively charged, charge, positive, positively charged, electron, negatively, positively, valence electrons, anion, sodium, positive charge, losing, electrons number, ions form, positive ions, negative ions, negative, form stable, formed, neutral atom, donate, configuration, periodic table] | Loss of electrons | cation, electrons, loses, lose electrons, lose, noble gas, noble, valence, gain, number electrons |
| 361 | 54 | 361_37_38_35_39 | [37, 38, 35, 39, 36, 34, 40, 33, 25 35, 31, 25, 25 25, 32, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | **Topic: Age Range 35-4 | 37, 38, 35, 39, 36, 34, 40, 33, 25 35, 31 |
| 362 | 54 | 362_golgi_golgi apparatus_endoplasmic reticulum_endoplasmic | [golgi, golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, endoplasmic, reticulum, vesicles, lysosomes, apparatus, packaging, vesicle, organelles, lysosome, lipids, rough, proteins, lipids proteins, nuclear envelope, membrane, bud, sorting, membrane protein, cytoplasmic, cells secrete, face, secretory, secrete, envelope, lumen, plasma membrane, enzymes, synthesis, smooth, cis, destroy, membranes, cell plate, plasma, modifies, worn, protein, fusing, figure 18, membranous, membrane figure, synthesized, flattened, polysaccharides, continuous, transport, inside outside] | Golgi apparatus | golgi, golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, endoplasmic, reticulum, vesicles, lysosomes, apparatus, packaging, vesicle |
| 363 | 54 | 363_binding energy_energy nucleon_binding_nucleon | [binding energy, energy nucleon, binding, nucleon, energy nucleus, example 21, amu, mev, nuclide, neutron, energy equivalence, equivalence equation, graph figure, value obtained, binding energies, approximate value, nucleus, mass defect, energy, 31, defect, atomic mass, joules, equivalence, nuclei, energy number, 21, neutral, figure 31, mass nuclei, heaviest, particle mass, graph, nucleons, nuclear, neutrons, appendix, particle, protons neutrons, mass, number nucleons, atomic masses, energy joules, approximate, compare, mass energy, atomic, energy needed, computed, dividing] | Binding energy | binding energy, energy nucleon, binding, nucleon, energy nucleus, example 21, amu, mev, nuclide, neutron |
| 364 | 54 | 364_blackbody_visible_infrared_visible light | [blackbody, visible, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, spectrum, transparent, ir, emissivity, infrared radiation, radiation, atoms molecules, blackbody radiation, ultraviolet radiation, skin, uv, curves, absorb, electronic transitions, violet, shorter wavelengths, wavelengths, shorter, approximated, heated, heated high, visible ultraviolet, shifts, high temperatures, absorb light, light, human eye, transitions, distribution, uv light, theoretical, visible wavelengths, visible spectrum, matches, spectra, temperatures, photon energies, radiator, electromagnetic, peak, absorbed, 97, electronic, range, intensity] | Blackbody | blackbody, visible, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, spectrum, transparent, ir, emissivity, infrared radiation |
| 365 | 53 | 365_net external_net_external force_net force | [net external, net, external force, net force, external, vertical, force zero, zero net, force net, zero, force, horizontal, external forces, cancel, equipment, forces, force direction, magnitude opposite, force force, equal magnitude, direction, forces shown, forces acting, acceleration zero, acting, vertical horizontal, vertical direction, choosing, demonstration, opposite direction, axes, magnitude, friction force, opposite, friction, kept, figure 10, pushes, yielding, noting, newton second, reverses direction, equation simply, 10 using, vertical acceleration, does exert, example different, horizontal axes, zero force, expressed equation] | Net Force | net external, net, external force, net force, external, vertical, force zero, zero net, force net, zero |
| 366 | 53 | 366_fungi_association_roots_symbiotic | [fungi, association, roots, symbiotic, root, fungus, fungal, partners, plant roots, mutualistic, plants, plants fungi, plant, 90 percent, symbiotic relationship, establish, soil, soil plant, establishment, minerals soil, symbiotic relationships, partner, mutually, nutrient, depletion, minerals, uptake, trees, vascular, 90, surface area, zinc, relationship, nutrients, usda, essential, beneficial, vascular plants, little, dense, survival, derived greek, informally, basic types, microscope facility, network, coevolved, roots plant, work louisa, physical barrier] | Fungal Association | fungi, association, roots, symbiotic, root, fungus, fungal, partners, plant roots, mutualistic |
| 367 | 53 | 367_actin_cross bridge_stroke_binding sites | [actin, cross bridge, stroke, binding sites, adp, sites, bridge, binding, cross, binds, bridges, binding site, head, contraction, atp, dissociate, muscle contraction, site, globular, muscle, phosphate, heads, active site, detach, regulatory, filament, power, allowing, subunit, occurs, conformational, filaments, calcium ions, bind, pulling, active, preventing, calcium, pull, movement figure, position, tension, conformational changes, figure 38, energy expended, resting state, expend, energy high, muscles contract, uncovered] | Bridge | actin, cross bridge, stroke, binding sites, adp, sites, bridge, binding, cross, binds |
| 368 | 53 | 368_35___ | [35, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | 35 | 35, , , , , , , , , |
| 369 | 52 | 369_spores_haploid_gametophytes_produce haploid | [spores, haploid, gametophytes, produce haploid, gametophyte, mitosis, multicellular, sporophyte, meiosis, female, develop, diploid, spore, male female, germinate, male, sporangia, produce, gametes, undergo, sporophytes, grow, mother, produced meiosis, male gametophyte, female gametes, wheat, grows, chromosome number, thallus, zygote, contained, stalk, specialized cells, favorable, photograph, generates, cup, parents, produces, cones, shown following, produce eggs, 23 28, 25 11, conditions favorable, contains cells, separate, capsules, body contains] | Haploid Gametophyte | spores, haploid, gametophytes, produce haploid, gametophyte, mitosis, multicellular, sporophyte, meiosis, female |
| 370 | 52 | 370_lactose_operator_transcription_binds | [lactose, operator, transcription, binds, cap, promoter, bind, protein, transcribed, absent, prokaryotic cells, rna, prokaryotic, transcription factor, glucose, coli, region, genes, coding region, rna molecule, translated, synthesize, activated, gene, binding, ribosomal, coding, proteins bind, table 16, encodes, present, control gene, regulator, subunit, gene expression, downstream, upstream, changes shape, epigenetic, protein complex, activate, guanosine triphosphate, process involving, transcriptional, translation, present cell, translated protein, figure 16, guanosine, factor] | Transcription | lactose, operator, transcription, binds, cap, promoter, bind, protein, transcribed, absent |
| 371 | 52 | 371_hall_effect_emf_conductor | [hall, effect, emf, conductor, pipe, voltage, carry current, cm diameter, field applied, magnetic field, field, magnetic, probes, charges, diameter, 22, applied magnetic, 22 28, flow fluid, mutually perpendicular, carrying, blood velocity, cm, flow, width, probe, applied, field strength, mutually, applying, flow rate, blood flow, carry, fluid flow, current, force moving, earth field, free charges, figure 22, creation, 500, perpendicular, placed, positive charges, mri, 00 cm, negative charges, strength, average velocity, produces electric] | Magnetic Field | hall, effect, emf, conductor, pipe, voltage, carry current, cm diameter, field applied, magnetic field |
| 372 | 52 | 372_domain_microscopic_macroscopic_symbolic | [domain, microscopic, macroscopic, symbolic, matter, microscopic domain, phases, states matter, liquid gas, solid liquid, domains, chemistry, chemical behavior, symbols, solids liquids, phet, behavior, states, explanation, submicroscopic, solid, phet explorations, explorations, state matter, liquids, solids, physical state, classification, items, great deal, definition, watch, basics, shape, liquid, compress, definite, occupies, mixture, deal, feature, cool, picture, commonly, description, distinguish, atoms molecules, changes matter, daily life, ion dipole] | Phase | domain, microscopic, macroscopic, symbolic, matter, microscopic domain, phases, states matter, liquid gas, solid liquid |
| 373 | 52 | 373_molecular structure_draw_structure molecule_structure | [molecular structure, draw, structure molecule, structure, lone, molecule, skeleton, molecular, geometry, lone pairs, skeletal, structural, structures molecules, formula, skeletal structure, geometries, shape, structures, lone pair, molecule molecular, atoms attached, different shapes, hydrogen atoms, trigonal, shapes, equatorial, molecule ion, methane, structure figure, pairs, influences, answer example, central atom, chemical formula, example 20, arrangements, trigonal planar, lines, carbon atoms, atoms, shaped, single bonds, describing, condensed, drawn, pair, planar, central, dimensional, sketch] | Structure | molecular structure, draw, structure molecule, structure, lone, molecule, skeleton, molecular, geometry, lone pairs |
| 374 | 52 | 374_hair cells_vestibular_hair_stereocilia | [hair cells, vestibular, hair, stereocilia, auditory, semicircular, acceleration deceleration, deceleration, head, angular acceleration, bending, afferent, inner, neurons, sensation, cells, membrane, project, somatosensory, balance, figure 36, linear acceleration, crystals, ossicles, detects, brain, bipolar, acceleration, gravity, limb, sense, orientation, movement, stimulated, angular, calcium carbonate, outer, 36, processing, specific frequency, signals, arranged, bones joints, send signals, based location, earth earth, cells respond, evaluating, gravity acceleration, receptors] | Vestibular hair cells | hair cells, vestibular, hair, stereocilia, auditory, semicircular, acceleration deceleration, deceleration, head, angular acceleration |
| 375 | 52 | 375_neon_fluorescence_fluorescent_excited | [neon, fluorescence, fluorescent, excited, discharge, excitations, helium, laser, signs, glow, excitation, metastable, fluorescent light, tubes, uv, dye, visible light, atomic excitations, inversion, light, excites, visible, lights, emission, red light, emits, given energy, uv light, 30, photon, ultraviolet light, metastable state, ultraviolet, low pressure, incandescent, powder, argon, figure 30, wavelengths, emitting, energy input, lower energy, atom molecule, atomic, operate, lasers, induced, red, commonly used, commonly] | Neon | neon, fluorescence, fluorescent, excited, discharge, excitations, helium, laser, signs, glow |
| 376 | 52 | 376_biomes_lakes_freshwater_abiotic | [biomes, lakes, freshwater, abiotic, ocean, runoff, zones, aquatic, fertilizer, zone, rivers, ecosystems, lakes ponds, bay, ponds, turnover, dead, rivers streams, ecosystem, fauna, factors, streams, terrestrial, deep ocean, tide, freshwater marine, waters, marine, terrestrial biomes, shallow, deep, ecology, figure 46, 44, river, environments, climate, depletes, greenhouse, deepest, mexico, services, include, saltwater, microorganisms, 46, figure 44, living things, fertilizers, biotic] | Biomes | biomes, lakes, freshwater, abiotic, ocean, runoff, zones, aquatic, fertilizer, zone |
| 377 | 52 | 377_airplane_wind_plane_jet | [airplane, wind, plane, jet, west, relative ground, total velocity, north, relative, flies, flying, east, velocity relative, velocity, wind speed, speed direction, south west, relative earth, south, speed, direction, commercial, heading, air, pilot, earth velocity, velocity magnitude, south east, direction north, takeoff, speed relative, figure 44, north east, meters second, ground, passenger, figure 41, somewhat, min, average speed, trip, 44, fly, 58, moving, average velocity, total, earth moving, strategy problem, example know] | Flight | airplane, wind, plane, jet, west, relative ground, total velocity, north, relative, flies |
| 378 | 52 | 378_minus_sign_positive direction_direction | [minus, sign, positive direction, direction, plus minus, minus sign, plus, positive, motion, signs, sign indicates, motion away, direction direction, negative, plus sign, left, assign, define, right, directions, positive negative, dimensional motion, indicates, upwards, clockwise direction, left right, indicate direction, west, convenient, upward, observer, analyzing, dimension, clockwise, denoted, specified, select, dimensional, downward, signs indicate, choose, opposite direction, negative negative, points opposite, considered, indicated, point line, use equations, vertical, law example] | Direction | minus, sign, positive direction, direction, plus minus, minus sign, plus, positive, motion, signs |
| 379 | 52 | 379_value_approximation_given value_values | [value, approximation, given value, values, value example, allowed values, values given, identify known, makes sense, average value, example example, did, approximate, calculation, allowed, using given, 2000 3000, anticipated, list possible, values known, 50 times, did make, guess, engineers, limited accuracy, similar used, possible values, obtained using, times larger, table 30, quantities known, perform calculations, value given, comparisons, integers, determine value, process used, scenarios, zero example, perform, known values, given, sense, surprisingly, 3000, justify, differing, remarkably, challenge, integer] | Value | value, approximation, given value, values, value example, allowed values, values given, identify known, makes sense, average value |
| 380 | 52 | 380_complexity_complex systems_adaptive_systems | [complexity, complex systems, adaptive, systems, complex, organization, discipline, self, nonlinear, emerging, evolve, traditional, insights, adapt, spot, topic, 34, rooted, organize, extremely, jupiter, phenomena, figure 34, topics, similarities, deal, behavior, physics, studied, underlying, evolution, parallels, 2000 3000, devise, disparate, intelligence, intelligent, simple complex, great, initial conditions, quantified, flow fluid, difficult predict, merge, sensitive, extremely sensitive, physics figure, studies, devoted, broad range] | Complexity | complexity, complex systems, adaptive, systems, complex, organization, discipline, self, nonlinear, emerging |
| 381 | 51 | 381_liters_cube_cubic_volumes | [liters, cube, cubic, volumes, volume, liter, centimeter, milliliter, edge length, edge, ml, cubic meter, meniscus, meter, exactly, drink, ounce, volume volume, soft drink, bottle, oz, mass volume, nearest, estimate, measure, mark, lengths, length, soft, reading, calculated, volumes measured, space occupied, convert, lowest point, box, learning volume, relatively inexpensive, measured using, liquid, sides, cc, 06, 1000, commonly encountered, limitation, abbreviation, capacities, cylinder, sequentially] | Volume | liters, cube, cubic, volumes, volume, liter, centimeter, milliliter, edge length, edge |
| 382 | 51 | 382_vaccines_virus_viral_killed | [vaccines, virus, viral, killed, immunity, flu, disease, immune response, viruses, immune, disease causing, figure 42, diseases, delivery, 21 14, causing, live, administered, childhood, short period, injection, outbreaks, year, 42, infected, response, mutations, developing, saliva, infection, host, dogs, media, effective, prevent, stimulate, protective, adapted, antigens, symptoms, infections, dogs cats, incapable, protection, strain, weakening, developed, primary method, connection evolution, cell line] | Vaccine | vaccines, virus, viral, killed, immunity, flu, disease, immune response, viruses, immune |
| 383 | 51 | 383_filaments_band_shorten_muscle | [filaments, band, shorten, muscle, contraction, muscle contraction, actin, overlap, discs, bands, bridges, zone, skeletal muscle, disc, fiber, contracts, central region, shortened, line, skeletal, sliding, tension, figure 38, striations, filament, consecutive, muscle cell, 38, length, attach, region, entire, cross, stretched, pulled, slide, arrangement, contract, running, dense, degree, appearance, regular arrangement, distance consecutive, defined distance, smoothly, relaxation, attachments, 35 figure, area increases] | Muscle contraction | filaments, band, shorten, muscle, contraction, muscle contraction, actin, overlap, discs, bands |
| 384 | 51 | 384_urea_nitrogenous_ammonia_nitrogenous wastes | [urea, nitrogenous, ammonia, nitrogenous wastes, wastes, waste, terrestrial, byproduct, excreted, animals, toxic, figure 41, excrete, reptiles, usfws, excretion, facilitates, mammals, 41, birds reptiles, acid, aquatic animals, cycle, nucleic acids, vertebrate animals, metabolism, aquatic, stores, nucleic, body fluids, nitrogen, eliminate, compare contrast, birds, respiration, secrete, major, amino, vertebrate, urine, arthropods, evolution, enzymes convert, kidney stones, convert, aquatic environment, following compare, evolved, acids contain, conserving] | Nitrogenous wastes | urea, nitrogenous, ammonia, nitrogenous wastes, wastes, waste, terrestrial, byproduct, excreted, animals |
| 385 | 51 | 385_ecosystem_ecosystems_disturbances_modeling | [ecosystem, ecosystems, disturbances, modeling, models, dynamics, model, conceptual, simulation, analytical, equilibrium state, ecologists, environmental, study, mathematical, simulations, individual organisms, environment, ecosystem dynamics, describing, state equilibrium, complexities, natural, experimental, state, experimentation, approaches, changes environment, energy transfers, accounts, effects, equilibrium, limitations, research, interactions, ability, accurate, structure, loss, subject, entirely, transfers, predict, changes, complex, useful describing, basic types, return, components, algorithms] | Ecosystem | ecosystem, ecosystems, disturbances, modeling, models, dynamics, model, conceptual, simulation, analytical |
| 386 | 51 | 386_recombination_crossover_genes_recombination frequency | [recombination, crossover, genes, recombination frequency, homologous chromosomes, chromosome, chromosomes, homologous, linkage, genes chromosome, linked, alleles, far apart, 50 percent, inheritance, apart, independently, genetic, genes genes, events occur, chromosomes genes, recombined, chromosomal, percent, paternal, event, segments, occur, frequency, gene, maternal, locations, likelihood, occasionally, 50, independent assortment, assortment, separate, genetic material, events, suggested, far, behave, inherited, instead, exchange, independent, meiosis, occurs process, russell chapter] | Recombination | recombination, crossover, genes, recombination frequency, homologous chromosomes, chromosome, chromosomes, homologous, linkage, genes chromosome |
| 387 | 50 | 387_voltage_voltage source_resistor_voltage induced | [voltage, voltage source, resistor, voltage induced, load, circuit, circuit diagram, voltage applied, source, internal resistance, devices, voltage current, drop, circuit voltage, parallel, schematic, applied voltage, sources, current, resistance, connected, delivered, flows, draw, supplies, induced, conducting, applied, supplied, battery, current note, resistor voltage, total voltage, potential voltage, arrays, shows simple, law simple, power voltage, resistance greater, source figure, jim, entering expression, lower resistance, diagram, series, internal, goes zero, schematic representation, flow resistance, various points] | Voltage Source | voltage, voltage source, resistor, voltage induced, load, circuit, circuit diagram, voltage applied, source, internal resistance |
| 388 | 50 | 388_explain explain_explain_let_ | [explain explain, explain, let, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Explain | explain explain, explain, let, , , , , , , |
| 389 | 50 | 389_bernoulli_principle_equation_fluid | [bernoulli, principle, equation, fluid, depth, fluid flow, equation states, fluids, applications, fluid density, conservation energy, incompressible, height, situations, 12, constant, strips, subscripts, general, figure 12, conservation, frictionless, static, forms energy, flow, wing, manometer, theorem, wings, preceding, measurement, making connections, gauge pressure, ground level, explain phenomena, boulder, tube like, equation terms, 1700, acceleration gravity, refer, principle applies, initial conditions, situations involving, terms, stated, daniel, general form, based, forms] | Bernoulli Principle | bernoulli, principle, equation, fluid, depth, fluid flow, equation states, fluids, applications, fluid density |
| 390 | 50 | 390_wavelength_wavelengths_radio_radio waves | [wavelength, wavelengths, radio, radio waves, mhz, wavelength light, frequencies, assume average, waves, electromagnetic, lowercase, range, fm, frequencies wavelengths, cell phone, electromagnetic waves, 380, visible light, greek letter, signal, visible, phone, electromagnetic radiation, broadcast, letter, denoted, meters, frequency, specified, greek, ne laser, rearranging gives, mri unit, need calculate, simple formula, signal cell, solution rearranging, waves used, hills, calculate wavelength, given frequency, calculate ratio, assume, swept, forms electromagnetic, light, spacecraft, cell phones, recipe, determine approximate] | Wavelength | wavelength, wavelengths, radio, radio waves, mhz, wavelength light, frequencies, assume average, waves, electromagnetic |
| 391 | 50 | 391_eggs_reptiles_egg_rabbits | [eggs, reptiles, egg, rabbits, lay, lizards, shells, chorion, membranes, 20 10, rib, birds, ventilation, embryo, yolk, reptile, reptiles birds, reptilian, character, terrestrial, sac, damp, developing embryo, adapted, characteristics, evolution, amphibians, salamanders, embryonic, distinguished, diverged, turtles, shared, figure 20, frogs, evolved, moist, aquatic, hair, 29, enclosed, derived, shell, figure 29, dependence, calcium carbonate, filled, extra, mammals, main] | Eggs | eggs, reptiles, egg, rabbits, lay, lizards, shells, chorion, membranes, 20 10 |
| 392 | 50 | 392_glycogen_glucose_excess_liver | [glycogen, glucose, excess, liver, sugar, sugars, pathways, stored, storage, muscle cells, catabolic, reserves, carbohydrates, metabolic pathways, form glucose, provide energy, catabolic pathways, muscle, phosphate, sugar molecules, smaller molecules, atp, metabolic, energy sources, anabolic, energy food, utilizing, short term, monomers, energy source, pathway, degradation, skeletal muscle, simpler, stores, roles, converts, breaks, fats, muscles, fatty acids, cause cell, leaking, broke, acorn, term storage, complex carbohydrates, contain energy, fuel, breaking] | Glycogen | glycogen, glucose, excess, liver, sugar, sugars, pathways, stored, storage, muscle cells |
| 393 | 50 | 393_telescope_hubble_moon_laser beam | [telescope, hubble, moon, laser beam, laser, astronauts, reflector, nasa, radio, observatory, photo, beam, space, satellite, composite, designed, corner, images, photographed, radio waves, army, george, astronomical, launched, periodically, ultraviolet, taken, detects, image, captured, figure 27, earth atmosphere, james, uv, 27, figure 34, famous, credit nasa, robert, photograph, camera, earth, observable, project, gradually, sent, picture, extent, measure, planet] | Laser beam | telescope, hubble, moon, laser beam, laser, astronauts, reflector, nasa, radio, observatory |
| 394 | 50 | 394_flower_flowers_incomplete_collectively | [flower, flowers, incomplete, collectively, collectively called, lacking, figure 32, parts, perfect, female, male, reproductive, reproductive structure, term describes, missing, 32, ovary, innermost, male female, term used, inferior, dioecious, 32 figure, located, work mariana, superior, main, villareal, ruiz villareal, mariana ruiz, mariana, unable, ruiz, bud, virtually, structures, term, contain, protect, organs, plants reproduce, located base, __, reproductive parts, complete, located center, undifferentiated, lacked, following structures, referred] | Flowers | flower, flowers, incomplete, collectively, collectively called, lacking, figure 32, parts, perfect, female |
| 395 | 50 | 395_later chapters_chapters_later_chapter | [later chapters, chapters, later, chapter, implications, discussed, discussed later, examine, explored, sections chapter, topics, later section, later sections, sections, let examine, considerations, later chapter, text, let, consequences, discussed far, covered, chapters text, important point, cos sin, questions, depth, discussed section, taken account, scope text, shall later, truth, section, situations, discussed chapter, preceding example, consider happens, quantitatively, examples, play role, obviously, outcome, concentrate, factors affect, scope, conditions, cover, examined, encountered, looks] | Later Chapters | later chapters, chapters, later, chapter, implications, discussed, discussed later, examine, explored, sections chapter |
| 396 | 50 | 396_carbonates_carbonate_calcium_calcium carbonate | [carbonates, carbonate, calcium, calcium carbonate, baking, oxide, soda, carbon dioxide, preparation properties, dioxide, sodium carbonate, hydroxide, soluble, prepared, preparation, bicarbonate, 18 occurrence, solid, impurities, salts, alkaline earth, occurrence preparation, antacid, hydroxides, cream, acid shown, metal, occurrence, decomposition, sodium, insoluble, prepared reaction, heating, used extensively, alkaline, alkali, possible prepare, carbon, dioxide gas, alkali metal, earth metals, decompose, grams, powder, extensively, decomposes, acid, remove, dioxide water, hydrogen] | Carbonate | carbonates, carbonate, calcium, calcium carbonate, baking, oxide, soda, carbon dioxide, preparation properties, dioxide |
| 397 | 49 | 397_causative_sleeping_sickness_african | [causative, sleeping, sickness, african, parasite, agent, drug, parts world, humans, chronic, africa, resistant, infectious, america, genus, south america, blood cells, fly, cattle, deadly, human, infected, asia, treatments, drugs, life cycle, red blood, anti, disease, evolution connection, infect, parasites, severe, commonly used, flies, commonly, central, bar data, scale bar, data matt, matt russell, russell, southeast, inset, haploid life, credit james, southeast asia, matt, sex, cycle] | Chronic Sickness | causative, sleeping, sickness, african, parasite, agent, drug, parts world, humans, chronic |
| 398 | 49 | 398_chordates_chordata_dorsal hollow_notochord | [chordates, chordata, dorsal hollow, notochord, nerve cord, endostyle, pharyngeal, anal, dorsal, vertebrates, hollow, tail, post, hollow nerve, invertebrate, cord, features, phylum, vertebrata, slits, nerve, chordate, clades, thyroid gland, members, thyroid, share, tubular, figure 29, echinoderms, characteristics, characteristic, stage development, squids, invertebrates, 29, gland, taxon, sister, adult, secretes, stage, figure 28, humans, include, appear, key, distinguish, includes, display] | Chordates | chordates, chordata, dorsal hollow, notochord, nerve cord, endostyle, pharyngeal, anal, dorsal, vertebrates |
| 399 | 49 | 399_density air_air_density_dry air | [density air, air, density, dry air, average density, house, altitude, low pressure, earth surface, dimensions, volume air, dry, calculate density, atmosphere, sized, average, denser, atmospheric, table 11, dense, volume, breathed, air oxygen, molar, 21 percent, surrounding environment, calculating average, work national, molar mass, air contains, mass average, compressible, replaced, given volume, significant amounts, density temperature, discussion result, evaporated, air molecules, billions years, determine mass, atmospheric pressure, things consider, values expression, density given, moderately, mass, duct, average value, declines] | Density of Air | density air, air, density, dry air, average density, house, altitude, low pressure, earth surface, dimensions |
| 400 | 49 | 400_muscle_smooth muscle_skeletal muscle_skeletal | [muscle, smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, skeletal, smooth, muscle tissue, muscle contraction, contraction, voluntary, muscle cells, cardiac muscle, cardiac, fiber, body contains, 38, contractions, involuntary, figure 38, learning view, tapered, view animation, tissue, striations, muscle cell, muscles, cross bridge, appearance, skeletal muscles, control, cylindrical, locomotion, fibers, animation, link learning, walls, link, 33, bridge, contract relax, shown following, nervous, tension, skeletal movement, nuclei present, relaxes, tubes, view, nci nih, blood vessels, following statements] | Muscle | muscle, smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, skeletal, smooth, muscle tissue, muscle contraction, contraction, voluntary, muscle cells |
| 401 | 49 | 401_stoichiometric_limiting reactant_limiting_stoichiometry | [stoichiometric, limiting reactant, limiting, stoichiometry, reaction stoichiometry, reactant, cheese, balanced chemical, amounts, bread, reactants, amounts reactants, chemical equation, balanced, provided, quantitative, sandwich, coefficients, chemical, chemical equations, molar amounts, relative numbers, product, chemical reactions, used derive, equation used, reactants products, calculations, derive, identifying, recipe, summing, chemical species, equals sum, comparing, module, molar, according following, equation, mass numbers, factors, products, relationships, excess, numbers, lesser, sum, multiplying, equations, compute] | Stoichiometry | stoichiometric, limiting reactant, limiting, stoichiometry, reaction stoichiometry, reactant, cheese, balanced chemical, amounts, bread |
| 402 | 49 | 402_neutrino_supernova_solar_massless | [neutrino, supernova, solar, massless, oscillations, huge, weakly, detectors, interact, upper limit, mass small, huge numbers, upper, travel speed, evidence, observed, detected, limits, escape, beta decay, travel, flavor, detector, figure 32, sun, mass, speed light, spontaneously, flux, energy order, wolfgang, small masses, light mass, beta, close speed, energy angular, tubes, experimentally determined, carry energy, definitive, difficult detect, indicative, need use, convincing, completely different, 20 years, types particles, supernovas, light used, 1953] | Oscillations | neutrino, supernova, solar, massless, oscillations, huge, weakly, detectors, interact, upper limit |
| 403 | 48 | 403_humidity_vapor_water vapor_vapor density | [humidity, vapor, water vapor, vapor density, relative, saturation, pressure water, air temperature, partial pressure, air, air contains, temperature air, day, partial, vapor pressure, contains water, density, evaporation, temperature, point, percent, point temperature, dry air, condenses, drops, water, table 13, cools, remains constant, pressure, 13, dry, decreased, point calculate, banana, results suppose, pressure vapor, water lower, condensing, hot dry, greater rate, autumn, temperature assuming, depends temperature, fog, radiating, density temperature, photographed, pressure equal, explain relationship] | Humidity | humidity, vapor, water vapor, vapor density, relative, saturation, pressure water, air temperature, partial pressure, air |
| 404 | 48 | 404_capacitance_capacitors_series parallel_series | [capacitance, capacitors, series parallel, series, parallel, total, 19, figure 19, parallel connections, combination, sum individual, connections, individual, 19 21, sum, example 19, connected, connected directly, individual charges, entering, expressions, combinations, 19 10, 19 20, strategy given, decimal places, capacitor, entering given, connected series, expression, decimal, yields discussion, total charge, compute, equation gives, voltage applied, parts, equivalent, strategy, 19 19, places, total voltage, valid, voltage, given entering, fairly large, equation, able derive, identify, gives] | Capacitance | capacitance, capacitors, series parallel, series, parallel, total, 19, figure 19, parallel connections, combination |
| 405 | 48 | 405_electron configuration_configuration_valence_periodic table | [electron configuration, configuration, valence, periodic table, valence electrons, periodic, configurations, electron configurations, number valence, electron, elements, electrons, noble gas, shell, elements periodic, core, noble, achieve, group 15, valence shell, shells, elements group, transition elements, table, group, determine electron, order achieve, atoms number, group periodic, state electron, stable, ns, elements groups, valence shells, total number, electron shells, atoms elements, shell electrons, arrangement, group elements, matches, electrons valence, properties elements, outer shell, shell electron, occupying, inner transition, number electrons, atomic number, gain] | Electron Configuration | electron configuration, configuration, valence, periodic table, valence electrons, periodic, configurations, electron configurations, number valence, electron |
| 406 | 48 | 406_activation energy_activation_arrhenius_reaction | [activation energy, activation, arrhenius, reaction, rate, energy reaction, reaction rate, reactant, reaction rates, elementary reaction, chemical reaction, rate reaction, reactant species, rate constant, elementary, rate law, activation energies, transition state, catalyst, collision, rates, kinetics, reaction reaction, collisions, order, reaction mechanism, chemical, reactants, orientation, proceed, equation, energy, unit time, area contact, state figure, constant, decomposition, reactions, equation relates, involving, second order, energy molecules, proportionality constant, energy necessary, adequately, determines, reaction occur, energy required, change concentration, constant rate] | Activation | activation energy, activation, arrhenius, reaction, rate, energy reaction, reaction rate, reactant, reaction rates, elementary reaction |
| 407 | 48 | 407_solubility_solvent_solute_solubility product | [solubility, solvent, solute, solubility product, dissolved, water solvent, solutes, solution, following compounds, dissolve, concentration, concentration solution, aqueous solution, solution contains, soluble, chemistry physics, aqueous, pure water, specified conditions, components, relatively, significantly greater, solutions, relative strengths, solute concentration, slightly soluble, relatively high, relatively low, low concentration, atoms ions, concentrated, high concentration, product, lesser, homogeneous, present, limit, dilute, component, affecting, dissolved water, specified, attractive forces, substance, concentrations, extent, hydrolysis, strengths, compounds, anion] | Solubility | solubility, solvent, solute, solubility product, dissolved, water solvent, solutes, solution, following compounds, dissolve |
| 408 | 48 | 408_periodic_periodic table_elements_table elements | [periodic, periodic table, elements, table elements, properties elements, table, properties, element properties, discovered, elements periodic, element, trends, columns, existence, russian, discoveries, chemical behavior, patterns, variations, systematic, widely, ores, rows, chart, manganese, table figure, similar, chemist, groups, predicted, atomic, chemical properties, organized, accepted, recognized, array, nuclides, explain observed, close figure, arranged, videos, highlighted, important remember, properties element, certain chemical, properties electron, based location, order atomic, developed, naturally] | Periodic Table | periodic, periodic table, elements, table elements, properties elements, table, properties, element properties, discovered, elements periodic |
| 409 | 48 | 409_mass water_volume water_displaced_density | [mass water, volume water, displaced, density, submerged, density water, reservoir, beaker, water density, volume, mass, use water, button, adjust, water, apparent, solving equation, calculate mass, block, simulation http, displace, displacement, hardness, volume density, water table, measure mass, water does, simulation, water calculate, approach, simulator, weighed, square meter, mass mass, mass volume, fluid, click, cylinder, http openstax, ml, table 11, example 11, http, visit, liter, determination, square, turn, using water, water determine] | Density | mass water, volume water, displaced, density, submerged, density water, reservoir, beaker, water density, volume |
| 410 | 48 | 410_chemistry_science_chemists_principles | [chemistry, science, chemists, principles, better understand, theories, disciplines, engineering, essential, lee, scientific disciplines, cell phones, chemistry everyday, study chemistry, chemical, knowledge, ideas, scientific, phones, practice, substances, wide variety, technology, historical, enabling, wide, understand, encounter, study, physics, bread, learn, green, everyday, help, hypotheses, tools, fields, scientific method, came, world, provide, everyday life, better, universal, areas, age, began, analytical, providing] | Principles of Chemistry | chemistry, science, chemists, principles, better understand, theories, disciplines, engineering, essential, lee |
| 411 | 47 | 411_flagella_flagellum_cilia_locomotion | [flagella, flagellum, cilia, locomotion, microtubule, hairy, organelles, microtubules, singular, entire cell, pili, grooves, cytoskeletal, protists, 26 figure, hair like, figure 23, spinning, structural, gametes, primitive, surfaces, little, cellulose, attach, array, 23 21, 26, cell example, pellicle, nutrients oxygen, possessed, streaming, textured, tails, deeply, dinoflagellate, motility, fit, lengthwise, agent, diplomonads, smooth, prokaryotes, parabasalids, present cell, expelling, shaped like, cells known, encased] | Motility | flagella, flagellum, cilia, locomotion, microtubule, hairy, organelles, microtubules, singular, entire cell |
| 412 | 47 | 412_radians_angular velocity_angular_angular acceleration | [radians, angular velocity, angular, angular acceleration, revolution, velocity, change angle, linear, rate change, linear velocity, rotation, velocity defined, acceleration, change angular, rotation angle, units, rad, place time, degrees, velocity solution, acceleration angular, angle, dimensionless, calculate angular, linear acceleration, defined, relationship, unit time, velocity radius, expressed, seen figure, rotating, defined change, number revolutions, values discussion, rapid change, quantity measured, pit, time, greater force, goes zero, angle given, second, velocity angular, force greater, acceleration given, quantities known, velocity change, unitless, time rate] | Angular velocity | radians, angular velocity, angular, angular acceleration, revolution, velocity, change angle, linear, rate change, linear velocity |
| 413 | 47 | 413_net work_net_theorem_work | [net work, net, theorem, work, energy theorem, work energy, work net, displacement, work work, work equals, equals change, force work, energy work, force times, net force, force, work force, equals, kinetic energy, energy motion, doing work, change kinetic, force displacement, kinetic, force vector, acting object, doing, force direction, sum, magnitude force, vector, acting, able explain, forces acting, equation form, newton laws, forces, rotational, product, magnitude, forces vary, multiplied distance, does object, pages introduction, given potential, gives energy, object, states, hand equation, equation expression] | Work | net work, net, theorem, work, energy theorem, work energy, work net, displacement, work work, work equals |
| 414 | 47 | 414_endocytosis_vesicle_vesicles_receptor mediated | [endocytosis, vesicle, vesicles, receptor mediated, exocytosis, plasma membrane, membrane, plasma, mediated, vacuoles, fuse, contents, receptor, extracellular fluid, phagocytosis, lysosome, extracellular, vacuole, cell membrane, newly formed, membrane membrane, cell, newly, pocket, substances, transport, uptake, work mariana, ruiz villareal, villareal, mariana ruiz, mariana, ruiz, fuses, outside cell, cytoplasmic, variation, fluid, formed, synaptic, surrounds, secretion, active transport, intracellular, membranes, breaks, rafts, storage, fluids blood, cells formed] | Endocytosis | endocytosis, vesicle, vesicles, receptor mediated, exocytosis, plasma membrane, membrane, plasma, mediated, vacuoles |
| 415 | 47 | 415_66_69__ | [66, 69, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Sure, 66 and 69 are keywords for a topic about the number 6. | 66, 69, , , , , , , , |
| 416 | 47 | 416_electrons protons_charge_electrons_protons | [electrons protons, charge, electrons, protons, charges, building blocks, negative, carried, equal magnitude, opposite sign, negative charge, negative charges, protons electrons, ejected, positive negative, blocks, positive, positive charge, electron charge, building, great small, coulombs, things great, equal amounts, vast majority, magnitude, electron proton, charge moved, sign, unit charge, ma, calculator, moved, magnitude opposite, example 20, second, equal, multiples, bit, electric charge, submicroscopic, smallest, vast, negatively charged, charged, majority, negatively, opposite, electrons charge, times massive] | Charges | electrons protons, charge, electrons, protons, charges, building blocks, negative, carried, equal magnitude, opposite sign |
| 417 | 47 | 417_competition_predator_habitat_cycling | [competition, predator, habitat, cycling, competing, prey, population, resources, competitive, bear, exclusion, species, members species, populations, bears, exclusion principle, resource, dispersal, coevolution, members, predation, share, decline, different species, geographic, wild, habitats, polar, minimizing, dynamics, food, cited, widens, geographic range, approximately 10, distribution, figure 45, particular point, hunter, community, year old, evolves, north american, engage, multiple species, specific area, argue, make use, following structures, suppressed] | Competition | competition, predator, habitat, cycling, competing, prey, population, resources, competitive, bear |
| 418 | 47 | 418_catalyst_catalysts_catalytic_catalyzed | [catalyst, catalysts, catalytic, catalyzed, diagrams, heterogeneous, activation energy, activation, reaction, mechanism, transition state, emissions, rate reaction, chemical process, figure 12, reaction mechanisms, automobiles, following pairs, increase rate, step mechanism, reaction mechanism, liquid phase, transition, absence, kinetics, chemical reaction, gas liquid, lowered, presence, later chapter, lesser, gasoline, 12, automobile, lower, mechanisms, topic, alternative, represent, elementary, chapter, burning, accelerate, providing, industrial, useful products, moderate temperatures, reactants, current research, participates] | Catalyst | catalyst, catalysts, catalytic, catalyzed, diagrams, heterogeneous, activation energy, activation, reaction, mechanism |
| 419 | 47 | 419_microwave_oven_microwaves_fly | [microwave, oven, microwaves, fly, highest, setting, heating, rotating, peak, oscillating, circuits, edge, plate, electromagnetic waves, received, dish, frequencies, 900, food, door, water molecules, electromagnetic, integrated concepts, field strength, power, integrated, produced, electric field, practical, atoms molecules, accelerating, molecules contained, given power, devices called, residential, decides, specific frequency, concepts, frequencies range, contain water, electronic, imposed, peak power, help understand, energy directly, frequency energy, waves, upper limit, produced currents, specially] | Microwave | microwave, oven, microwaves, fly, highest, setting, heating, rotating, peak, oscillating |
| 420 | 47 | 420_precipitate_agbr_agcl_bromide | [precipitate, agbr, agcl, bromide, concentrations, dissolution, silver, equilibria, common ion, saturated solution, begins, mixed, solution, solution containing, ion, concentration solute, calculate concentration, ion concentration, solute species, saturated, following solutions, concentration, filtration, solutions, ions, precipitation, solution following, mixture, involved, equal concentrations, silver ion, solution concentrations, increases decreases, dried, dissolve, assuming, reaction mixture, salts, containing, nacl, slightly soluble, example 15, counter, added solution, cadmium, common, reaction quotient, following, quotient, added] | Equilibrium | precipitate, agbr, agcl, bromide, concentrations, dissolution, silver, equilibria, common ion, saturated solution |
| 421 | 47 | 421_inductor_characteristic time_mutual_self | [inductor, characteristic time, mutual, self, inductive, reactance, characteristic, opposition, example 23, time constant, 23, device, inductive reactance, circuit, effective, 23 10, able calculate, current, coupling, ranging, gives equation, instructive, circuits, equating, calculate current, derive equation, time simple, resistance greater, quantity called, series resistor, change example, greatest, answer yes, time current, impede, depends factors, resistive, time, current current, makes sense, slightly different, resistor, 23 11, 23 12, inductors, physical quantity, solving gives, size shape, henry, quantity] | Inductor | inductor, characteristic time, mutual, self, inductive, reactance, characteristic, opposition, example 23, time constant |
| 422 | 47 | 422_tag_biology texas_rao_department biology | [tag, biology texas, rao, department biology, texas university, credit rao, texas, ryan, department, fletcher, university, biology, credit, angular momentum, spinning, torque, angular, aspects, horizontal, direction torque, acquires, momentum, momentum direction, vertical axis, horizontal axis, falling, vector, rotates, right hand, axis, direction, indicate directions, guidance, effects, momentum does, accelerated rest, velocity momentum, 29 shows, direction angular, initial rate, produce new, perpendicular plane, change angular, perpendicular, direction shown, expect, logic, hand rule, change direction, 29] | Department of Biology | tag, biology texas, rao, department biology, texas university, credit rao, texas, ryan, department, fletcher |
| 423 | 47 | 423_skater_arms_spin_pulling | [skater, arms, spin, pulling, moment inertia, inertia, skates, increase rate, ice, moment, extended, spinning, angular, figure 10, angular velocity, pulls, angular momentum, increase, cylinder, pulled, rate, recoil, faster, hands, rotational kinetic, multiplied distance, recoils, strategy problem, close body, does exert, friction, leg, torque, equation terms, depletes, increase kinetic, construct problem, angular acceleration, legs, negligibly small, approximated, cell metabolism, relatively little, starts, close zero, force multiplied, manage, work internal, close, construct] | Moment inertia | skater, arms, spin, pulling, moment inertia, inertia, skates, increase rate, ice, moment |
| 424 | 46 | 424_gram_gram positive_gram negative_cell wall | [gram, gram positive, gram negative, cell wall, bacteria, wall, positive, negative, bacterial, cell walls, lipid, membranes, outer membrane, major groups, linked, glycerol, cell membrane, cell, walls, walls contain, cyanobacteria, outer, phyla, anchored, bacterial species, bacterial cell, lipid bilayer, single cell, membrane, composed, polysaccharide, figure 22, bilayer, cell membranes, capsule, acids, entry, phospholipids, sulfate, envelope, layer, divided, intracellular, substances, fatty acids, substances pass, groups, organisms cell, surrounded, anchors] | Gram | gram, gram positive, gram negative, cell wall, bacteria, wall, positive, negative, bacterial, cell walls |
| 425 | 46 | 425_point charge_electric potential_potential_electric | [point charge, electric potential, potential, electric, charge, electric field, work needed, potential electric, point, equipotential, general relationship, charge given, indicate direction, points direction, charge electric, electrical potential, positive charge, charge point, points, field, 19 electric, equation form, sign, decreasing, distance, calculus, said, change potential, 19, tells, test charge, point charges, gradient, voltage, relationship, slope, minus sign, near, positive, indicate, general, negative, direction, large distance, given potential, line, needed, minus, given distance, constant equal] | Potential | point charge, electric potential, potential, electric, charge, electric field, work needed, potential electric, point, equipotential |
| 426 | 46 | 426_fall_free fall_falling_falling objects | [fall, free fall, falling, falling objects, air resistance, objects, negligible, object, resistance negligible, free, dolphin, falls, resistance, friction negligible, gravity, constant acceleration, air, dropped, center earth, vertical velocity, downward, acting object, real world, velocity object, acceleration gravity, upward, friction, slower, real, acceleration, experiences, ground level, unless stated, points opposite, light objects, velocity increases, shall use, earth, vertical, distinctions, finally note, use definition, thrown straight, negligible resistance, expelling, previously discussed, hammer, object weight, force air, absence air] | Fall | fall, free fall, falling, falling objects, air resistance, objects, negligible, object, resistance negligible, free |
| 427 | 46 | 427_gene expression_gene regulation_gene_regulation | [gene expression, gene regulation, gene, regulation, transcriptional, epigenetic, expression, translational, prokaryotic, eukaryotic, control gene, post, transcription, post translational, control, regulated, translation, 16, prokaryotic cells, post transcriptional, eukaryotic cells, level, regulate gene, rna, protein, access, transcription translation, regulate, able following, controls, cytoplasm, dna sequence, translational control, dna, translated protein, gene product, pages 16, discuss role, cells eukaryotic, activators, following discuss, codes, discuss, controlling, levels, section able, objectives end, learning objectives, end section, objectives] | Gene regulation | gene expression, gene regulation, gene, regulation, transcriptional, epigenetic, expression, translational, prokaryotic, eukaryotic |
| 428 | 46 | 428_intestine_stomach_digestive_digestion | [intestine, stomach, digestive, digestion, pancreas, breaks, peptides, liver, pancreatic, gastric, intestinal, enters, secreted, border, enzyme, small, inactive, organ, digesting, mixes, fats, stimulates, food, secretion, bicarbonate, secretions, digested, acidic, acids, carbohydrates, fatty acids, protein, gland secretes, consumes, amino acids, digested food, lipids, absorption, chief, absorptive, fatty, hormone, phase, triggering, important roles, enzyme called, digestive systems, juice, secretes, important role] | Digestion | intestine, stomach, digestive, digestion, pancreas, breaks, peptides, liver, pancreatic, gastric |
| 429 | 46 | 429_cascades_breast_receptor_kinase | [cascades, breast, receptor, kinase, breast cancer, signaling, tyrosine, cancers, activates, growth, cancer, estrogen, signaling cascades, activated, patients, factor, cell growth, pathway, tumor, phosphorylated, used treat, epidermal, unregulated, treat, mutation, phosphorylates, 30 percent, map, following steps, permanently, interacts, subset, phosphorylation, drug, high levels, immune, phosphates, signaling molecules, percent, inhibited, cascade, translation, protein, regulates, adds, activation, 50 percent, inhibits, therapy, cell] | Cascades | cascades, breast, receptor, kinase, breast cancer, signaling, tyrosine, cancers, activates, growth |
| 430 | 46 | 430_quantum mechanics_mechanics_quantum_classical physics | [quantum mechanics, mechanics, quantum, classical physics, classical, development quantum, principle applies, principle, physics, heisenberg, objects, indistinguishable, author, schrödinger, electromagnetism, small objects, applies, feynman, physicist, quantum mechanical, physicists, developed, submicroscopic, development, contributions, successful, quantization, johannes, theory provides, teacher, wolfgang, numbers photons, seen microscope, energy angular, mechanical scale, 1929, maximum value, foundations, necessity, situations involving, mathematical, atomic nuclear, austrian physicist, observe directly, formulated, theory, macroscopic objects, large objects, important characteristic, moving objects] | Quantum Mechanics | quantum mechanics, mechanics, quantum, classical physics, classical, development quantum, principle applies, principle, physics, heisenberg |
| 431 | 45 | 431_review_questions_ch_needed | [review, questions, ch, needed, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Review | review, questions, ch, needed, , , , , , |
| 432 | 45 | 432_organic_macromolecules_carbon_organic compounds | [organic, macromolecules, carbon, organic compounds, proteins nucleic, living organisms, contain carbon, nucleic acids, organic molecules, living, carbohydrates lipids, nucleic, molecules carbon, compounds, lipids, living organism, carbohydrates, biological, carbon containing, compounds carbon, chemistry, carbon hydrogen, biological molecules, lipids proteins, macromolecule, nitrogen, abundant, nitrogen oxygen, compounds contain, functional groups, organism, backbone, substances, carbon carbon, synthetic, carbon atoms, organisms, element, contain, hydrogen, oxygen, plants animals, acids, molecules, cycle carbon, important cellular, forms carbon, living things, variety, inorganic] | Organic Compounds | organic, macromolecules, carbon, organic compounds, proteins nucleic, living organisms, contain carbon, nucleic acids, organic molecules, living |
| 433 | 45 | 433_free energy_energy change_standard free_free | [free energy, energy change, standard free, free, standard, change reaction, appendix, use standard, nonspontaneous, change, data appendix, reaction, coupled, using standard, following reactions, change free, determine standard, reactions use, energy changes, formation, entropies, entropy, change following, 298, enthalpy entropy, reaction mixture, change process, computed, spontaneous, entropy changes, data, coupling, following reaction, example 16, energy values, standard entropies, reaction quotient, quotient, enthalpy, zinc, determine change, decomposition, positive, energy, appendix calculate, conditions, approach used, learning use, approach, check learning] | Free Energy | free energy, energy change, standard free, free, standard, change reaction, appendix, use standard, nonspontaneous, change |
| 434 | 45 | 434_microtubules_centrosome_microtubule_animal cells | [microtubules, centrosome, microtubule, animal cells, organizing, opposite poles, walls, cytokinesis, poles, poles cell, dividing cell, cell division, new cell, septum, division, hollow, dimers, daughter, plant cells, daughter cells, animal, periphery, cell walls, membrane cell, protein called, duplicated, cell, proteins, ring, opposite, lie, centers, derived, dividing, cells, center, maintain shape, composed proteins, tremendously, resisting, widest, organisms cell, divide, cell wall, tubes, midway, disappears, formation, animal plant, cells divide] | Microtubules | microtubules, centrosome, microtubule, animal cells, organizing, opposite poles, walls, cytokinesis, poles, poles cell |
| 435 | 45 | 435_gold_density_gemstone_brick | [gold, density, gemstone, brick, identity, listed table, 000 000, likely, tungsten, purity, thousandth, pure, ounce, com, substance, solvents, cutting, listed, lists, guide, table 11, coin, values, table, 000, substances, learning mass, contains small, molar, chip, corresponding mass, measurement results, elements known, difficult determine, definitive, guess, https www, molar mass, plated, compared size, able measure, analytical techniques, piece, tabulated, compounds used, chocolate, retaining, consistency, representative values, various substances] | Density | gold, density, gemstone, brick, identity, listed table, 000 000, likely, tungsten, purity |
| 436 | 45 | 436_butterfly_mutualism_benefit_mutualistic | [butterfly, mutualism, benefit, mutualistic, blue, larvae, symbiotic, symbiotic relationship, relationship, butterflies, interaction, symbiosis, benefits, wild, fungi, commensal, ask questions, farm, symbiotic relationships, feed, survival, figure 44, relationships, oak, pine, leaf, ask, association, interested, decline, different species, species, pain, insect, 44, long term, models used, restrict, freedom, fungus, life stage, individuals different, coevolved, credit cory, second example, nests, pellets, pilot, formic acid, formic] | Mutualism | butterfly, mutualism, benefit, mutualistic, blue, larvae, symbiotic, symbiotic relationship, relationship, butterflies |
| 437 | 44 | 437_boat_river_shore_velocity relative | [boat, river, shore, velocity relative, relative, velocity, force water, stream, heading, drag force, pushing, flow water, drag, total velocity, ship, figure 43, force direction, trying, water water, direction opposite, relative velocity, direction, relative observer, wind, straight, exerts force, figure 21, north, figure 40, west, 43, water, sets, east, boulder, comes rest, terms known, push, resisting, acceleration figure, axis perpendicular, velocity person, colorado, direction second, vector sum, descends, earth velocity, refer figure, east north, harbor] | Velocity relative | boat, river, shore, velocity relative, relative, velocity, force water, stream, heading, drag force |
| 438 | 44 | 438_climate_climate change_weather_global climate | [climate, climate change, weather, global climate, global, drivers, cycles, atmospheric, volcanic, change, june, reports, past, steadily, event, study, documented, earth orbit, predictable, evidence, week, disturbances, 000 years, changes, atmosphere, cool, earth, scientists, predict, refers, risen, atmospheric conditions, science, weather conditions, effects earth, effects global, data, precipitation, scientific disciplines, scientists study, correlation, effects, day, allen, storms, volcanic activity, decreases temperature, specific area, average temperature, confusion] | Climate | climate, climate change, weather, global climate, global, drivers, cycles, atmospheric, volcanic, change |
| 439 | 44 | 439_leaf_plant_stem_root | [leaf, plant, stem, root, apical, fruit, ethylene, lateral, growth, bud, dropping, tissue, promotes, stem root, hormone, vascular, germination, dominance, buds, gravitropism, roots, stems, promote, shoot, responses, directional, nodes, ground tissue, vascular tissue, hormones, phloem, cork, xylem, leaves, underground, modified, elongation, blade, delay, xylem phloem, setting, epidermal, water minerals, plant cell, induces, stem leaves, resulting increase, inhibit, covering, monocots] | Leaf | leaf, plant, stem, root, apical, fruit, ethylene, lateral, growth, bud |
| 440 | 44 | 440_lens_parallel axis_diverging_converging | [lens, parallel axis, diverging, converging, light rays, focal, axis, rays, ray, parallel, point opposite, point, converge, originate, exits, diverge, convex, entering, concave, bend, enters, passes, lens lens, mirror, reflection, light, single point, refraction, cross, point point, appear, figure 25, surfaces, rays sun, enter, expanded view, 25, light entering, angle, image, originates, image projected, path, rings, common point, lens mirror, optics, center, opposite, change direction] | Lens | lens, parallel axis, diverging, converging, light rays, focal, axis, rays, ray, parallel |
| 441 | 44 | 441_red blood_blood cells_red_blood | [red blood, blood cells, red, blood, cells blood, cells, blood cell, mitochondria, hemoglobin, mammalian, delivering, pulp, circulate, nuclei, avian, cells contain, bone marrow, diameter, marrow, mammals, aerobic respiration, specialized cells, oxygen, respiration, reveals, aerobic, metabolic, destroyed, glycolysis, typical human, mature, cells perform, cells formed, lose, anaerobically, oxygen body, new ones, contain dna, organisms convert, sole, use oxygen, vary size, cell uses, approximately, cells nuclei, metabolic pathway, produce atp, contain, molecules oxygen, convert energy] | Red blood cells | red blood, blood cells, red, blood, cells blood, cells, blood cell, mitochondria, hemoglobin, mammalian |
| 442 | 44 | 442_37_noaa_38_explain | [37, noaa, 38, explain, credit, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Credit | 37, noaa, 38, explain, credit, , , , , |
| 443 | 44 | 443_emf_emfs_internal resistance_resistances | [emf, emfs, internal resistance, resistances, potential difference, internal, sources, voltage, load, flows, resistance, difference, series, current flows, resistance series, figure 21, potential, algebraically, add, output voltage, voltage output, electromotive force, electromotive, opposition, change potential, source, total internal, connected, output, construction, total, volts, current, 21, accurately, battery, precisely, labeled, order produce, voltage source, difference potential, positive charge, capacitor, series connection, capacitor voltage, practical applications, values expression, connected parallel, power source, 19 shows] | Internal Resistance | emf, emfs, internal resistance, resistances, potential difference, internal, sources, voltage, load, flows |
| 444 | 44 | 444_deuterostomes_protostomes_cleavage_mouth | [deuterostomes, protostomes, cleavage, mouth, developmental, embryonic, gut, coelom, mesoderm, opening, anus, archenteron, fate, primitive, cavity, symmetrical, spiral, clades, develops, eucoelomate, blastomeres, radial, formation, undergo, embryo, bilaterally symmetrical, bilaterally, chordata, figure 27, stage, site, body cavity, forms, embryos, embryonic development, echinoderms, early, chordates, including, meaning, organization, differ, word, differences, characteristics including, develop, process called, comes greek, complex animals, alimentary canal] | Cleavage | deuterostomes, protostomes, cleavage, mouth, developmental, embryonic, gut, coelom, mesoderm, opening |
| 445 | 43 | 445_yeasts_yeast_signaling_wine | [yeasts, yeast, signaling, wine, signaling molecule, kinases, fermentation, wild, strains, bread, mating, single celled, 000 years, signaling cascades, celled, molecule called, work jon, beer, 130, life forms, jon sullivan, sullivan, human cells, cascades, baking, cheese, jon, celled organisms, surface receptors, culture, humans, proteins, eukaryotic, budding, multicellular, multicellular organisms, industry, cell surface, communicate, organisms, 000, began, releasing, milk, export, ended, cell produces, alcohol, factor binds, sake] | Yeast | yeasts, yeast, signaling, wine, signaling molecule, kinases, fermentation, wild, strains, bread |
| 446 | 43 | 446_eukarya_archaea_domains_ancestor | [eukarya, archaea, domains, ancestor, common ancestor, eukaryotes, bacteria archaea, bacteria, woese, domain, prokaryotes, phylogenetic, diverged, life evolved, kingdoms, proposes, archaea bacteria, eukaryotic, evolved, eukaryotic cells, descended, life, lineages, comprises, evolution, pool, tree, common, carl, extant, proposed, living organisms, animalia, plantae, 22 11, primitive, comparative, cell walls, rooted, precursors, conclude, living, descendants, figure 20, life cycle, institute, fossil, lake, fossil record, communities] | Domain | eukarya, archaea, domains, ancestor, common ancestor, eukaryotes, bacteria archaea, bacteria, woese, domain |
| 447 | 43 | 447_series circuit_circuit_ac_inductor | [series circuit, circuit, ac, inductor, voltage current, voltage, ac voltage, resistor, voltage applied, series, phase, current, reactance, capacitor, inductors, fourth, figure 23, follows, resonant frequency, source voltage, inductive, 23, power delivered, circuits, 23 12, resonant, applied, voltage source, resistors, delivered, preceding section, capacitor voltage, inductive reactance, applied capacitor, leads, circuit figure, cycle, angle, capacitors, voltage capacitor, source, frequency, definitions, resistance, versus, ohm law, ohm, preceding, exactly, driving] | Series Circuit | series circuit, circuit, ac, inductor, voltage current, voltage, ac voltage, resistor, voltage applied, series |
| 448 | 43 | 448_law thermodynamics_thermodynamics_internal energy_internal | [law thermodynamics, thermodynamics, internal energy, internal, second law, change internal, heat engines, law, engines, energy sum, state, 15, heat, efficiency, second, thermodynamics states, introduction, sum kinetic, internal kinetic, heat flow, heat engine, heat transfer, initial state, work internal, transfer, energy depends, transfer doing, processes, kinetic potential, kinetic, net heat, energy state, heat work, engine, transfer work, kinetic energies, sum, energy, cyclical, atomic molecular, returns, simple, doing work, expressions, work, figure 15, net work, impossible, spontaneously, reached] | Internal Energy | law thermodynamics, thermodynamics, internal energy, internal, second law, change internal, heat engines, law, engines, energy sum |
| 449 | 43 | 449_internal energy_heat transfer_internal_change internal | [internal energy, heat transfer, internal, change internal, transfer, net heat, heat, transfer work, 00, heat work, work, transfer occurs, work internal, energy heat, work heat, net, transfer heat, 150, transit, energy total, heat transfers, unavailable, work input, transfers, work work, doing, work energy, total work, energy, energy does, stored, change, doing work, does work, net work, occurs, total, work takes, energy completely, say, minus, equation shown, sum, body internal, temperature higher, energy stored, steps, completely different, energy energy, lowest] | Internal Energy | internal energy, heat transfer, internal, change internal, transfer, net heat, heat, transfer work, 00, heat work |
| 450 | 43 | 450_38___ | [38, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | 38 | 38, , , , , , , , , |
| 451 | 42 | 451_area volume_volume ratio_surface area_contractile | [area volume, volume ratio, surface area, contractile, vacuoles, vacuole, cell size, paramecium, water cell, area, size, cell, cube, volume, advantages, surface, ratio, nih scale, bursting, microorganisms, confer, cell wall, sphere, central, nih, increases, microscopy, die, spherical, bright, bar data, scale bar, matt russell, data matt, russell, cell membrane, located outside, leaves cell, niaid nih, use today, size large, matt, decreases, squeeze, cell concentration, niaid, osmotic, cytoplasm cell, vary size, shrink] | Area/Volume | area volume, volume ratio, surface area, contractile, vacuoles, vacuole, cell size, paramecium, water cell, area |
| 452 | 42 | 452_spark_lightning_storm_humid | [spark, lightning, storm, humid, electric field, electric, static electricity, clouds, chapters, field, plates, earth, sky, electricity, insulating, jump, electrical, flying, static, fields, electric fields, charged particles, weather, air, earth earth, weather conditions, ionization produced, energy particles, bits, nc, field near, carpet, storms, phenomena, created, altitudes, wool, devoted, charges, surrounding, building, carry current, ignite, electricity magnetism, perpendicular earth, field figure, electromagnetism, jumps, direction figure, figure 18] | Lightning | spark, lightning, storm, humid, electric field, electric, static electricity, clouds, chapters, field |
| 453 | 42 | 453_defense_herbivores_venus_spines | [defense, herbivores, venus, spines, defenses, insect, predators, modified leaves, plants, leaves, modified, insects, mechanisms, toxic, toxins, predator, elicit, attract, metabolites, capture, hairs, trap, volatile, predation, animals plants, pathogens, plant, trigger, digest, kill, mechanical, animals, branches, different set, acorn, responses, resulting increase, play major, major difference, brushes, developed, unlike animals, prey, toxic chemicals, strategies, vomiting, levels increase, defend, nausea, figure 31] | Defense mechanisms | defense, herbivores, venus, spines, defenses, insect, predators, modified leaves, plants, leaves |
| 454 | 42 | 454_unified_forces_guts_grand | [unified, forces, guts, grand, manifestations, basic forces, attempts, connections, electromagnetic force, universe, electric magnetic, intimately, theories, distinct, weak nuclear, particle physics, indistinguishable, gut, making connections, circumstances, extremely high, theory, 19th century, tied, 19th, early, symmetric, nuclear forces, basic, 33, prove, electromagnetic, weak, extreme, successful, conditions, underlying, anticipated, fundamental, connected, century scientists, elementary particles, certain circumstances, inclusion, proven, force magnetic, inspiration, forces learning, atomic scale, smaller smaller] | Grand Forces | unified, forces, guts, grand, manifestations, basic forces, attempts, connections, electromagnetic force, universe |
| 455 | 42 | 455_incline_slope_friction_snow | [incline, slope, friction, snow, coefficient, angle horizontal, makes angle, coefficient friction, normal force, parallel, frictionless, slide, final speed, angle, axes, dimensional problem, shown left, perpendicular, weight, horizontal, axis parallel, perpendicular axes, acceleration object, wood, acceleration, kinetic, force perpendicular, perpendicular surface, heading, object, normal, makes, initial speed, project, figure 37, regardless, substituting, wet, figure 12, slid, zero acceleration, air resistance, greater greater, hand equation, motion friction, slopes, convenient, negligibly small, speed time, law gives] | Friction | incline, slope, friction, snow, coefficient, angle horizontal, makes angle, coefficient friction, normal force, parallel |
| 456 | 42 | 456_64_105_102_116 | [64, 105, 102, 116, 115, 146, 1300, hg, 120, pages, consider, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | The label for this topic is 'Pages'. | 64, 105, 102, 116, 115, 146, 1300, hg, 120, pages |
| 457 | 42 | 457_rotational_kinematics_rotational motion_translational | [rotational, kinematics, rotational motion, translational, rotation, quantities, kinematic, solving strategy, kinematic equations, table 10, motion, problem solving, dynamics, solving, linear, velocity angular, equations, acceleration time, initial values, angle angular, analogies, strategy, analogous, rotation angle, relationships, problem, steps problem, explicitly follow, follow steps, presented, angular velocity, physical quantities, explicitly, describes, angular, making connections, defined follows, values average, time equation, aspects, angular acceleration, motion learning, expressed equation, derive, solve, motion example, need consider, velocity defined, depending type, strategy solve] | Rotational motion | rotational, kinematics, rotational motion, translational, rotation, quantities, kinematic, solving strategy, kinematic equations, table 10 |
| 458 | 42 | 458_65_79_frank_following information | [65, 79, frank, following information, adult, typical, numbers, information, credit, following, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Numbers | 65, 79, frank, following information, adult, typical, numbers, information, credit, following |
| 459 | 42 | 459_leaves_trees_tree_adaptations | [leaves, trees, tree, adaptations, thrive, plant species, plants, branches, sunlight, enable, nest, drought, tall, coastal, maximize, survival, forest, reach, selective, branch, snow, fall, overcome, rich, chances survival, figure 30, plant, capture, nutrients oxygen, low light, capture sunlight, height, trees grow, adaptations allow, respond environmental, urban, specific conditions, gravitational pull, different rates, nests, tree branch, tall trees, important source, quiet, nutrients, nutrients soil, terrestrial plants, ornamental, 116, stems leaves] | Adaptations of plants | leaves, trees, tree, adaptations, thrive, plant species, plants, branches, sunlight, enable |
| 460 | 42 | 460_free body_body diagram_external forces_forces acting | [free body, body diagram, external forces, forces acting, acting, external, diagram, forces, free, draw, diagrams, draw free, body, forces act, cancel, external force, forces shown, diagram showing, force acts, diagram shows, vertical components, outside, showing, horizontal vertical, components, newton, force acting, newton laws, act, sketch, force, net force, newton second, line motion, forces figure, applied object, clearly, motion note, given example, acceleration velocity, arrows represent, figure example, internal, information given, intuitive, directly affect, apply newton, notion, using newton, body body] | Free Body | free body, body diagram, external forces, forces acting, acting, external, diagram, forces, free, draw |
| 461 | 41 | 461_dinoflagellates_protists_diatoms_figure 23 | [dinoflagellates, protists, diatoms, figure 23, nutrition, producers, 23, marine, food chain, dinoflagellate, primary producers, range size, protist, organisms figure, freshwater marine, plankton, food, food sources, heterotrophic, essential, contribute, exhibit, photosynthetic, indirectly, aquatic, web, sources, organisms, organic materials, 23 21, breaking, called red, videos, glassy, trillions, species marine, freshwater, serve, blue color, routes, red color, following way, large body, nutrients soil, explosions, great diversity, using light, aquatic species, organic, chain] | Dinoflagellates | dinoflagellates, protists, diatoms, figure 23, nutrition, producers, 23, marine, food chain, dinoflagellate |
| 462 | 41 | 462_conifers_trees_dominated_shrubs | [conifers, trees, dominated, shrubs, forests, forest, wood, figure 44, 44, cold, seasonal, high altitudes, altitudes, mediterranean, pulp, tracheids, broad, lying, dry, pine, leaves, retain, vegetation, advantage, tree, biome, paper, biomass, tall, weather, layer figure, like leaves, vessel, include familiar, leaved, trees grow, growth figure, needle like, tall trees, summers, molecular analysis, nitrogen soil, destroying, plants, disadvantage, winters, dormant, round, fires, low levels] | Conifers | conifers, trees, dominated, shrubs, forests, forest, wood, figure 44, 44, cold |
| 463 | 41 | 463_floor_terminal_velocity just_velocity | [floor, terminal, velocity just, velocity, calculate velocity, maximum height, air resistance, reach velocity, way calculate, jumps, hitting, ms, calculate acceleration, lasts, reach, motionless, jump, average force, contact, football, long, resistance, arrow, hit, leaves, ground, final velocity, reached, air, calculate, reach maximum, ground assuming, attempting, moving fast, reaches, height, water 00, velocity person, speed calculate, velocity does, calculate initial, maximum, just, short distance, near center, neglecting air, does need, speed average, feet, opponent] | Velocity | floor, terminal, velocity just, velocity, calculate velocity, maximum height, air resistance, reach velocity, way calculate, jumps |
| 464 | 41 | 464_butane_ethylene_propane_benzene | [butane, ethylene, propane, benzene, ether, gasoline, fuels, anesthetic, acetylene, octane, ethanol, hydrocarbon, industrial, chemicals, fuel, hydrogen carbon, compounds used, diethyl ether, lighter, methyl, diethyl, propene, hydrocarbons, ethene, liquid state, petroleum, used, commercially, widely used, manufactured, volatile, suited, compartment, ethyl, compressed, condensation, compounds, containing hydrogen, widely, broken smaller, additive, important industrial, following sequence, waxes, prepared, standard temperature, diesel, volatile liquid, compounds following, produced] | Fuels | butane, ethylene, propane, benzene, ether, gasoline, fuels, anesthetic, acetylene, octane |
| 465 | 41 | 465_citric acid_citric_acid cycle_acetyl | [citric acid, citric, acid cycle, acetyl, pyruvate, cycle, acid, pathway, glycolysis, group, catabolism, carboxyl, amino, amino acids, pyruvic, pyruvic acid, molecule form, coenzyme, molecule, compound called, presence oxygen, nadh, group carbon, picked, dehydrogenase, glucose catabolism, releasing, carbon, removed, carboxyl group, step, carbon dioxide, glucose molecule, transformed, catabolic, intermediate, dioxide, pathways, biochemical, acids, energy electrons, entry, connect, conversion, isocitrate, oxygen available, cycle carbon, presence, glucose, ketoglutarate] | Acid cycle | citric acid, citric, acid cycle, acetyl, pyruvate, cycle, acid, pathway, glycolysis, group |
| 466 | 41 | 466_lattice_kj mol_ionic_kj | [lattice, kj mol, ionic, kj, born, energies, ionic solid, mol, compound, ionic compound, compound following, energies calculated, dissociation, naf, cation anion, following pairs, negative ions, cycle, ions, ionic bonds, li, enthalpy, convention, cesium, energy, ionic compounds, calculated, values, calculated using, crystal, larger, solid, cation, nonmetal, strength, charges, energy required, positive negative, anion, nacl, doubling, involved formation, possible measure, shorter, separate, typically, fluoride, equation derived, depends type, energy values] | Lattice | lattice, kj mol, ionic, kj, born, energies, ionic solid, mol, compound, ionic compound |
| 467 | 41 | 467_rotational kinetic_rotational_kinetic energy_kinetic | [rotational kinetic, rotational, kinetic energy, kinetic, translational, translational kinetic, work energy, rotational motion, direction motion, motion gravitation, motion, energy, energy work, inertia, revisited, moment inertia, energy does, kinetic energies, angular velocity, analogous, direction space, gravitation, uniform circular, substituting known, moment, gives solution, known values, does depend, check understanding, circular motion, angular, leg, form energy, energy associated, analogy, values equation, energy given, equation gives, work, energies, substituting, uniform, making connections, example used, contain energy, line motion, energy completely, 21 calculate, expression, understanding] | Rotational kinetic | rotational kinetic, rotational, kinetic energy, kinetic, translational, translational kinetic, work energy, rotational motion, direction motion, motion gravitation |
| 468 | 41 | 468_chromosomes_set_gametes_sets | [chromosomes, set, gametes, sets, diploid, number chromosomes, matched, chromosome, gamete, 2n, homologous, copies, somatic, homologous chromosomes, diploid cell, paternal, haploid, offspring, maternal, number chromosome, parent, chromosome sets, somatic cell, contributor, pairs, somatic cells, sperm, reproductive cells, metaphase, human, sex chromosomes, human cells, chromosome number, designated, cells contain, sex, metaphase plate, 23, haploid cells, organism, female, 46, orientation, inherited, meiosis, egg, cell containing, body cell, haploid cell, male] | Set of chromosomes | chromosomes, set, gametes, sets, diploid, number chromosomes, matched, chromosome, gamete, 2n |
| 469 | 41 | 469_click view_view content_click_content https | [click view, view content, click, content https, https, https openstax, content, view, openstax, openstax org, org, http openstax, http, website, trends, video http, link learning, link, learning view, watch video, select, article, taste, gov, learning website, view animation, review, watch, discussed section, video, learn, online, animation https, talk, learning explore, tab, demonstration, mimicry, website https, learning, interactive, animation, briefly, visit, want, lab, faraday, topic, learned, try] | Click view | click view, view content, click, content https, https, https openstax, content, view, openstax, openstax org |
| 470 | 41 | 470_weightlessness_acceleration gravity_astronauts_gravity | [weightlessness, acceleration gravity, astronauts, gravity, space station, astronaut, gravity earth, station, acceleration, microgravity, falling, orbit, falling objects, free fall, apparent, space, earth, satellite, weightless, gravitational, international, gravitational field, says, rotating, keeps, motionless, massless, moon, fall, aircraft, object, earth surface, downward, accelerating, interesting situations, effects gravity, said, earth earth, objects called, objects, speak, gravity acceleration, objects motion, gravitational force, trained, spacecraft, free, experience, recall, underneath] | Weightlessness | weightlessness, acceleration gravity, astronauts, gravity, space station, astronaut, gravity earth, station, acceleration, microgravity |
| 471 | 41 | 471_vsepr_vsepr theory_electron density_bond angle | [vsepr, vsepr theory, electron density, bond angle, theory, bond, electron pair, lone, pairs, bonds lone, geometries, lone pairs, electron, predicts, regions electron, bonds, pair, angle, experimental evidence, regions, cl, central atom, valence, bond angles, angle angle, density, triple bond, repulsions, bond theory, valence bond, count, region, predict molecular, molecular structure, counts, atom bond, valence shell, hybrid, polarity, bonding, predict, regions high, orbital, angles, triple, hybrid orbital, high electron, multiple bonds, single double, shell electron] | VSEPR Theory | vsepr, vsepr theory, electron density, bond angle, theory, bond, electron pair, lone, pairs, bonds lone |
| 472 | 41 | 472_recombinant_dna_conjugation_cloning | [recombinant, dna, conjugation, cloning, chromosomal dna, dna fragment, foreign, ti, insert, bacterial, fragment, genes, molecular cloning, antibiotic, dna molecules, chromosomal, genome, transformation, recipient, host, bacterium, transferred, colony, prokaryotes, manipulate, exchange, transfer, scientists, prokaryote, genomic, different species, genetic material, vectors, bacteria, coli, researchers, desired, independently, antibiotics, tumor, transfers, bridge, resistance, occur nature, common method, express, genetic, scientists discovered, pili, composite] | Recombinant DNA | recombinant, dna, conjugation, cloning, chromosomal dna, dna fragment, foreign, ti, insert, bacterial |
| 473 | 41 | 473_42___ | [42, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | 42 | 42, , , , , , , , , |
| 474 | 41 | 474_kinetic energy_kinetic_initial kinetic_energy object | [kinetic energy, kinetic, initial kinetic, energy object, energy, calculate kinetic, energy motion, mass speed, speed given, ke, speed, final, energy form, compare, come, initial, kilograms, moving, total kinetic, solution initial, relative position, metabolic rates, increase kinetic, moving fast, constant example, does increase, energy proportional, use value, rotations, greater initial, objects motion, energy values, gain, proportional speed, energy strategy, mass kilograms, energy energy, speed limit, takes energy, objects moving, energy second, energy solution, deep ocean, change kinetic, large mass, energy zero, value given, speeding, example type, energy greater] | Kinetic Energy | kinetic energy, kinetic, initial kinetic, energy object, energy, calculate kinetic, energy motion, mass speed, speed given, ke |
| 475 | 41 | 475_40___ | [40, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | 40 | 40, , , , , , , , , |
| 476 | 40 | 476_microstates_number microstates_macrostate_boxes | [microstates, number microstates, macrostate, boxes, distributions, probable, box, particles, probability, locations, configuration, ratio number, number ways, figure 16, probability finding, number, considering, corresponding, possible, atom molecule, total number, equally, distributed, assumption, freedom, number possible, possible example, roughly equal, purity, molecules make, results greater, distribution, ways, sequence called, result different, shared, finding, energies atoms, similar figure, 16, statistics, number particles, exponentially, greater number, particle, proportional number, correspondingly, likely occur, evenly distributed, immense] | Microstate | microstates, number microstates, macrostate, boxes, distributions, probable, box, particles, probability, locations |
| 477 | 40 | 477_field strength_strength_magnetic field_field | [field strength, strength, magnetic field, field, electromagnetic wave, magnetic, peak, maximum, field strengths, maximum electric, electromagnetic, wave, strengths, electric field, electric, intensity, given entering, known use, strength magnetic, electric magnetic, strength electric, rearrange equation, calculate maximum, entering, rearrange, microwaves, entering known, values gives, right hand, si unit, given power, algebraic manipulation, 1856, relationship, fingers direction, outgoing, easiest way, field calculate, use equations, produce significant, mathematical relationship, force magnetic, terms, entering expression, strength needed, moving magnetic, weak, relatively weak, given maximum, produced currents] | Magnetic Field | field strength, strength, magnetic field, field, electromagnetic wave, magnetic, peak, maximum, field strengths, maximum electric |
| 478 | 40 | 478_field lines_lines_field_field line | [field lines, lines, field, field line, magnetic field, magnetic, point space, fields, pictorial, tangent, magnetic fields, compass, direction magnetic, line, beginning end, entity, defined direction, direction, direction field, continuous, cross, space, location, electric field, 22, rules, represents, representation, tool, electric, map, represent, figure 22, loops, beginning, related physical, points figure, point direction, direction space, useful visualizing, symbols used, completes, parallel field, direction note, use magnetic, concentrating, qualitatively, exploration, field magnetic, field shown] | Field lines | field lines, lines, field, field line, magnetic field, magnetic, point space, fields, pictorial, tangent |
| 479 | 40 | 479_nucleoid_circular chromosome_chromosome_eukaryotic | [nucleoid, circular chromosome, chromosome, eukaryotic, circular, chromosomes, dna, eukaryotes, packing, double stranded, linear, prokaryotes, single, fit, consists single, linear chromosomes, chromosomal dna, nucleus, central region, stranded, chromosomal, packaged, cell nucleus, genome, region, dna molecules, staining, dna molecule, eukaryote, figure 14, number chromosomes, distinguished, stranded dna, eukaryotic cell, chromatin, prokaryote, consists, organized, figure 10, organization, eukaryotic cells, double, typical human, cell, contains dna, cell wall, species specific, bacteria, dna cell, times longer] | Circular chromosome | nucleoid, circular chromosome, chromosome, eukaryotic, circular, chromosomes, dna, eukaryotes, packing, double stranded |
| 480 | 40 | 480_does work_help explain_explain happens_explain | [does work, help explain, explain happens, explain, happens, happen, possible, does, explanation, explain reason, reason, injection, happening, does imply, regularly, explanations, occur, help, suggest, imply, works, causes, observation, prevents, phenomenon, knowledge, work, treatment, helps, condition, prevent, occurs, discuss, likely, behavior, fact, inside, way, 30, determine, reaction, , , , , , , , , ] | Explanation | does work, help explain, explain happens, explain, happens, happen, possible, does, explanation, explain reason |
| 481 | 40 | 481_mimicry_predators_warning_toxic | [mimicry, predators, warning, toxic, toxic chemicals, figure 45, prey, harmless, eat, chemicals, predator, allows animal, venomous, tasting, multiple species, species share, 45, participate, eaten, avoid, escapes, snake, taste, defenses, predation, frogs, share, harmful, bright, species, credit modification, risk, bony fish, animals live, linda, share similar, species use, lets, frank, exchanges, concerning, hummingbirds, stinging, animals including, learn, exposing, species evolved, modification work, tonicity, attempted] | Toxic Predators | mimicry, predators, warning, toxic, toxic chemicals, figure 45, prey, harmless, eat, chemicals |
| 482 | 40 | 482_law gravitation_newton universal_gravitation_universal law | [law gravitation, newton universal, gravitation, universal law, universal, cavendish, newton, gravitational, gravitational force, gravity, joining, attraction, law, masses, torsion, newton law, universally, attracts, galileo, experiment, situations, thought, centers, fall, spheres, apparatus, particle, universe, observation, constant determined, force using, greater smaller, effects gravity, used examine, twisting, einstein, used explore, sub, tried, earth gravitational, experience, mediates, parts billion, spherical shape, eric, force attraction, distance centers, constant given, using newton, examine] | Universal Law of Gravitation | law gravitation, newton universal, gravitation, universal law, universal, cavendish, newton, gravitational, gravitational force, gravity |
| 483 | 40 | 483_vitamins_carbohydrates_soluble_dietary | [vitamins, carbohydrates, soluble, dietary, diet, fat, water soluble, vitamin, diets, lipid, lipid soluble, small quantities, carbohydrate, rich, table 34, foods, precursors, macromolecules, fats, soluble water, source energy, ingredient, bread, enzymes, sources, aid, complex carbohydrates, different animals, protein fat, term storage, food consumed, human diet, cereals, types molecules, lose, aged, capsules, important functions, lobsters, required, health, serve, function properly, coenzyme, absorption, molecules required, forms compounds, provide energy, people, shrimp] | Vitamins and Nutrients | vitamins, carbohydrates, soluble, dietary, diet, fat, water soluble, vitamin, diets, lipid |
| 484 | 40 | 484_coal_steam_fired_efficiency | [coal, steam, fired, efficiency, power plant, turbines, generator, stations, station, natural gas, power, electrical energy, electricity, used generate, burning, shaft, electrical, heat, blades, generating, generate, turn, heat transfer, house, power plants, transfer, energy output, furnace, mw, electrical power, electric power, transfer environment, oil, generators, powered, thermal energy, spins, plant, nuclear power, drives, conventional, natural, chemical energy, condensed, turns, mechanical energy, used drive, connected, improvement, surroundings] | Coal-fired Power Plant | coal, steam, fired, efficiency, power plant, turbines, generator, stations, station, natural gas |
| 485 | 40 | 485_93_94_96_92 | [93, 94, 96, 92, 95, ft, london, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | **93, 94, 9 | 93, 94, 96, 92, 95, ft, london, , , |
| 486 | 40 | 486_coil_coils_figure 23_magnetic flux | [coil, coils, figure 23, magnetic flux, current induced, flux, 23, magnetic, magnetic field, field, bar magnet, magnet, torsion, induced, 54, 53, moved, referring, perpendicular, field strength, rotates, bar, wire, wish, strength, area, current, 56, zero, draw diagram, reverses direction, wish consider, brushes, area figure, angle perpendicular, produces different, 23 24, called magnetic, field zero, quantity called, strength magnetic, instructor wish, direction, current passes, current wire, diagram showing, perpendicular plane, reverses, increases, field produced] | Magnetic Flux | coil, coils, figure 23, magnetic flux, current induced, flux, 23, magnetic, magnetic field, field |
| 487 | 39 | 487_table_pol_shown table_consult | [table, pol, shown table, consult, examples, summarized table, table 15, table 13, table 14, summarized, provided table, given table, table 33, values table, table 12, guide, table 11, 14, note table, exactly equal, subshell, key components, table 22, table 30, demonstrated example, representative values, integration, table 19, rubidium, table 16, values given, table 25, relations, 33, tables, justify, 10 11, data table, provided, summarizes, sort, using data, nomenclature, rows, strangeness, columns, page, 82, lists, shown] | Table | table, pol, shown table, consult, examples, summarized table, table 15, table 13, table 14, summarized |
| 488 | 39 | 488_68_70__ | [68, 70, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Sure, the label for this topic is "68" and "70". | 68, 70, , , , , , , , |
| 489 | 39 | 489_macronutrients_essential_nutrients_trace | [macronutrients, essential, nutrients, trace, soybeans, amounts, elements, ca, mg, perform function, hydrogen oxygen, peanuts, require, required, element, element element, large amounts, nutrition, potassium calcium, regarded, oxygen nitrogen, chemical composition, criteria, beans, magnesium, potassium, plants, agricultural, small amounts, na, phosphorus, important, calcium, carbon hydrogen, assemblage, handful, plant, inorganic, bodily functions, elements present, plants learning, organisms require, obtain nutrients, levels protein, sulfur, sodium na, plants plant, seeks, light water, elements carbon] | Macronutrients | macronutrients, essential, nutrients, trace, soybeans, amounts, elements, ca, mg, perform function |
| 490 | 39 | 490_physical chemical_physical_credit left_modification work | [physical chemical, physical, credit left, modification work, modification, physical change, credit right, properties, middle modification, chemical properties, change chemical, chemical, credit, right modification, changes physical, credit modification, chemical change, physical properties, flickr, matter, work, melting, commons credit, flickr credit, change, wikimedia commons, chemical physical, classify following, alessandro, wikimedia, commons, hardness, classify, properties matter, work john, middle, credit photo, chemical changes, physical changes, chemical composition, burning, photo modification, physical state, left, changes, john, examples, changing, photo, property] | Physical Change | physical chemical, physical, credit left, modification work, modification, physical change, credit right, properties, middle modification, chemical properties |
| 491 | 39 | 491_formal_charges_lewis_charge atom | [formal, charges, lewis, charge atom, lewis structure, preferable, charge, guideline, lewis structures, arrangement atoms, resonance, structure, structures, nonzero, atom, arrangement, charge ion, atom molecule, write lewis, electronegative, sum, zero, preferred, resonance structures, molecule ion, molecule, subtract, assign, molecular structure, hypothetical, assigned, considerations, example calculating, double bonds, atoms molecule, determine, atoms, determining, ion, number atoms, center, structure carbon, atom lewis, molecule solution, contains nitrogen, calculating, nonbonding electrons, does indicate, charge note, clno] | Charges | formal, charges, lewis, charge atom, lewis structure, preferable, charge, guideline, lewis structures, arrangement atoms |
| 492 | 39 | 492_zone_ocean_oceanic_realm | [zone, ocean, oceanic, realm, figure 44, 44, lakes, nutrients, zones, deepest, fall, extends, dead, nutrients oxygen, freshwater, spring, marine, categorized, beach, open, shelf, dead organisms, ocean floor, depletion, turnover, depths, 21, depleted, oceans, abiotic, die, nutrient, connection figure, people think, oxygen available, factor affecting, important process, oxygen, anoxic, deep, portion, depth, decomposing, deep ocean, rocky, lake, visual connection, primordial, tide, hostile] | Zones | zone, ocean, oceanic, realm, figure 44, 44, lakes, nutrients, zones, deepest |
| 493 | 39 | 493_poles_pole_north_south | [poles, pole, north, south, magnetic poles, north pole, magnetic, south pole, compass, magnet, seeking, magnets, geographic, bar magnet, possible isolate, repel, magnetism, experimentation, electromagnets, bar, attract, pairs, earth magnetic, isolate, unlike, universal, occur, impossible, separated, attracted, shields, exist, particles electrons, called magnetic, isolated, used explain, confusion, incorrectly, continue, near, misconception alert, 22, earth, alert, electrical current, wonder, fact, misconception, long distance, arises] | Magnetic poles | poles, pole, north, south, magnetic poles, north pole, magnetic, south pole, compass, magnet |
| 494 | 39 | 494_starch_cellulose_glycogen_polysaccharide | [starch, cellulose, glycogen, polysaccharide, polysaccharides, glucose, monomers, branched, linkages, monomer, chains, unbranched, comprise, polymers, granules, oh groups, glucose molecules, settle, sugars, form hydrogen, carbohydrates, shoot, specialized, hydrogen bonds, oh, complex carbohydrates, storage, densely, points figure, bonds link, molecules glucose, form strong, entire cell, root, store, like animals, lipids, simple sugars, similar structure, molecules attracted, return normal, figure 10, 10 shows, acids, animals use, ions inside, firmly, lack, hundreds thousands, figure illustrates] | Polysaccharides | starch, cellulose, glycogen, polysaccharide, polysaccharides, glucose, monomers, branched, linkages, monomer |
| 495 | 39 | 495_period_animal_explosion_diversification | [period, animal, explosion, diversification, million years, cleavage, paleozoic, era, history, million, evolutionary history, fossils, kingdom, years ago, ago, existed, animal species, phyla, symmetry, protostomes, marked, animal kingdom, body cavity, develops, animal body, years, evolutionary, today, date, 27, cavity, animals, animals true, rapid, mesoderm, appeared, pouches, body forms, figure 27, germ, took place, opening, emergence, coelom, debated, diversity, evolution, periods, differentiated, time period] | Period | period, animal, explosion, diversification, million years, cleavage, paleozoic, era, history, million |
| 496 | 39 | 496_axon_action potential_axons_gaps | [axon, action potential, axons, gaps, nodes, talk, action, signal, nerve impulse, propagation, insulating, insulator, conduction, nerve, neuron, impulse, nerves, insulated, potential, figure 35, multiple, terminals, energy input, travels, cross, figure 20, hillock, axon hillock, diseases like, signals, provides, explain effects, potential voltage, chemical environment, 20 24, moves faster, prevents, transmission, 28 shows, 35, regions, propagated, channels, cell energy, regenerate, regenerated, dissipation, inputs, autoimmune, electrical signal] | Action Potential | axon, action potential, axons, gaps, nodes, talk, action, signal, nerve impulse, propagation |
| 497 | 39 | 497_em_em radiation_photons_photon | [em, em radiation, photons, photon, radiation, wavelength, calculate frequency, wavelength photon, photon energies, photon energy, visible, calculate number, energy photon, ev, electromagnetic spectrum, modeled, spectrum, energies, monochromatic, wavelength frequency, em wave, frequency wavelength, light bulb, frequency, second, electromagnetic, 29, emitted, figure 29, characteristics, attributable, wavelengths, idea, consists large, energy average, numbers photons, spectrum electromagnetic, radiation absorbed, photons energy, time energy, given average, individual electrons, frequency energy, electromagnetic energy, bulb, photons having, insignificant, visible range, energy high, high intensity] | Photon Energy | em, em radiation, photons, photon, radiation, wavelength, calculate frequency, wavelength photon, photon energies, photon energy |
| 498 | 39 | 498_merry_merry round_round_child | [merry, merry round, round, child, angular velocity, riding, angular, edge, rotating, angular acceleration, father, rpm, box, away center, change angle, velocity angular, constant angular, rotate, 10 12, rev, ball, counterclockwise, path, straight, pushing, radius, increase decrease, right, dust, frame reference, figure 10, figure 15, curved, gets, moment inertia, center, velocity, slid, 16 15, acceleration, choose, suppose, moving straight, lets, follows, horses, directly away, acceleration example, inertia, energy considerations] | Angular velocity | merry, merry round, round, child, angular velocity, riding, angular, edge, rotating, angular acceleration |
| 499 | 38 | 499_blue light_blue_far red_respond | [blue light, blue, far red, respond, responses, light, plants, plant, touch, absorbing, red, affect plant, response, plant growth, bending, growth, light source, far, shade, covalently, growth development, directional, sophisticated, movements, chlorophyll, adapted, spectrum, aptly, wavelengths, stimuli, blue red, hormones affect, source figure, red blue, new location, respond environmental, __, receptors, relative concentrations, portion, sensors, light water, recent studies, wounds, defend, plant stem, light spectrum, charles darwin, plant figure, enriched] | Blue light | blue light, blue, far red, respond, responses, light, plants, plant, touch, absorbing |
| 500 | 38 | 500_standing_standing waves_standing wave_waves | [standing, standing waves, standing wave, waves, string, wave, dimensional, nodes, vibrating, tube, closed end, node, milk, strings, reflections, amplitude, wave interference, fourth, closed, refrigerator, length, glass, wavelength, figure shows, instruments, end, lies, like wave, fundamental, 10 superposition, points figure, maximum, volume figure, lowest, possible use, 37 figure, created, pages 16, pipes, fixed, points, musical instruments, interference, constrained, ends, lowest energy, 16 10, musical, later chapters, looks like] | Standing Waves | standing, standing waves, standing wave, waves, string, wave, dimensional, nodes, vibrating, tube |
| 501 | 38 | 501_magnesium_sodium_electrolysis_sea water | [magnesium, sodium, electrolysis, sea water, sodium chloride, chloride, seawater, molten, sodium ions, used production, times higher, 18 10, sea, brilliant, oxide, production, metal, alloys, sodium metal, reduction, preparation, isolated, burns, high temperatures, white, elemental, aqueous, metallic, burning, serves, process leads, conditions used, electrode, metals, white solid, industrial production, takes advantage, cell shown, following sequence, cathode, grams, yield, mass kilograms, parts million, general chemistry, sodium na, possible isolate, sahar, silicates, possible use] | Electrolysis of Seawater | magnesium, sodium, electrolysis, sea water, sodium chloride, chloride, seawater, molten, sodium ions, used production |
| 502 | 38 | 502_marble_ruler_bowl_cup | [marble, ruler, bowl, cup, home experiment, home, rim, experiment, roll, terminal speed, positions, cm, plot, 10 cm, forever, rolls, terminal, kinetic energy, rolling, steel, kinetic, trapped, dropped, drop, moves, surface example, letting, force just, energy proportional, viscosities, calculate initial, dashed line, glass, partially filled, place, basin, versus distance, kitchen, foam, ball, energy release, shaped like, spoon, cylinder, viscous fluid, different sizes, cans, proportional, stiff, proportional mass] | Marble Roll Experiment | marble, ruler, bowl, cup, home experiment, home, rim, experiment, roll, terminal speed |
| 503 | 38 | 503_underwater_dive_buoyancy_depths | [underwater, dive, buoyancy, depths, ears, air, depth, pressure, pool, pockets, pressure changes, compressed, ascending, descent, air inhaled, sinks, instructor, training, sickness, gases, bends, ambient, diving, uncontrolled, inhaled, breathe, bubbles, compress, swimming, chemistry everyday, adding, everyday life, oxygen, dissolved, pressures, therapy, ocean, avoid, 11 11, breathing, breathed, pressure gases, relatively slow, increases volume, 51, normally, barrier, risk, inadequate, belly] | Buoyancy | underwater, dive, buoyancy, depths, ears, air, depth, pressure, pool, pockets |
| 504 | 38 | 504_gauge pressure_gauge_absolute pressure_atmospheric pressure | [gauge pressure, gauge, absolute pressure, atmospheric pressure, pressure, absolute, atmospheric, pressure pressure, 11 14, pressure greater, figure 11, pressures, 11, read, pressure figure, negative, measurement, psi, manometer, tire, reading, use today, corresponds, negative negative, sum, height, positive, 30 32, positive figure, balloon, column, readout, 33 shows, calibrated, peanut, pressure does, 18 11, 13 shows, positive pressure, negative pressure, used work, example figure, zero, pressure weight, smallest possible, user, fluid, ignore, weight fluid, mechanical] | Gauge Pressure | gauge pressure, gauge, absolute pressure, atmospheric pressure, pressure, absolute, atmospheric, pressure pressure, 11 14, pressure greater |
| 505 | 37 | 505_irradiation_food_doses_foods | [irradiation, food, doses, foods, spoil, term effects, gy, low level, dose, safety, chemically, radicals, preserved, controversial, ionizing radiation, long term, term, radiation, ionizing, low, treatment, destroy, effects, organization, microorganisms, countries, exposes, 32, food consumed, lettuce, approved, low high, number people, afterward, electrons used, seeks, high water, labeling, sterilization, 1000, kitchen, owing fact, exposing, untreated, radiation used, diets, 1980s, consuming, measurable, rays rays] | Radiation and Food Doses | irradiation, food, doses, foods, spoil, term effects, gy, low level, dose, safety |
| 506 | 37 | 506_simulation_simulation http_http openstax_http | [simulation, simulation http, http openstax, http, interactive, openstax org, openstax, org, simulator, tab, build, simulator http, phet, click, link learning, link, rates, select, learning click, explore, open, molecule, hydrogens, reset, repeat exercise, bc, real, view, learning view, boxes, learning, carbons, exercise, use, enable, polarity, repeat, shape, freedom, ion effect, reactions, simulations, pause, molecular shape, molecular motion, complete following, using molecular, perform following, lattice structure, states matter] | Simulation | simulation, simulation http, http openstax, http, interactive, openstax org, openstax, org, simulator, tab |
| 507 | 37 | 507_dipole_moment_moments_bond moments | [dipole, moment, moments, bond moments, dipoles, bond, electronegativity, difference electronegativity, bond bond, electronegative, polarity, electronegative atom, molecular, molecule, polar, diatomic molecules, separation charge, molecular structure, molecules, separation, molecules ions, trigonal, diatomic, nonpolar, molecules high, having direction, identical molecules, arranged, molecules use, sum, measures, direction point, predict molecular, difference, symmetry, molecules polar, point opposite, molecule molecular, determined, determine molecular, molecules small, indicate direction, electronegativities, electronegativity difference, magnitude, greek letter, atoms bond, taking account, comparable, net charge] | Dipole | dipole, moment, moments, bond moments, dipoles, bond, electronegativity, difference electronegativity, bond bond, electronegative |
| 508 | 37 | 508_ruler_finger_fingers_restoring force | [ruler, finger, fingers, restoring force, restoring, victim, plastic, equilibrium position, hand, greater force, tape, tendons, friend, oscillates, drop, deformation, figure 16, oscillations, muscles, midpoint, comes rest, protrudes, position, frictional forces, involuntarily, original position, stronger, wooden, farther apart, lasting, close, closes, hold, measure time, force displacement, firmly, ends, spider, force, danger, catch, unbalanced, let, wrist, consider example, force causes, roll, time period, little, bad] | Equilibrium position | ruler, finger, fingers, restoring force, restoring, victim, plastic, equilibrium position, hand, greater force |
| 509 | 37 | 509_molecular formula_formula_formula compound_compound | [molecular formula, formula, formula compound, compound, compound formula, molecular, benzene, atoms molecular, compound contains, compound molecular, hydrogen atoms, carbon atoms, compound composed, contains, atoms oxygen, contains carbon, determination, atoms, oxygen atoms, experimentally, question, carbon hydrogen, hydrogen, different compounds, provides example, molecule, information needed, hcch, hydrogen carbon, chemical symbols, atoms example, slugs, needed make, elements carbon, yttrium, responding, compound compound, additional information, later section, discussed previously, propene, determine molecular, determined experimentally, pyramidal, nonlinear, atoms hydrogen, hydrated, equation representing, molecule contains, molecules called] | Molecular Formula | molecular formula, formula, formula compound, compound, compound formula, molecular, benzene, atoms molecular, compound contains, compound molecular |
| 510 | 37 | 510_blood pressure_systolic_pressure_blood | [blood pressure, systolic, pressure, blood, pressure blood, blood flow, arterial, pressures, measured, pressure common, various parts, medical, arterial blood, heartbeat, measuring, 120, parts body, valuable, heard, indicators, optimal, bladder, flow, heart, manometer, person, figure 40, noting, measure, phase, restrict, resume, method determining, measures, arteries, pressure example, blood velocity, graphed figure, measuring device, inserting, technician, 15 shows, cycle figure, monitored, prepares, slowly, minimum, vessels, flows, mm hg] | Blood Pressure | blood pressure, systolic, pressure, blood, pressure blood, blood flow, arterial, pressures, measured, pressure common |
| 511 | 37 | 511_extreme_environments_life earth_prokaryotes | [extreme, environments, life earth, prokaryotes, mats, archaea, harsh, earliest, microbial, bacteria archaea, billion years, dead sea, fossils, earth, moderate, billion, bacteria, billions years, conditions, survive, life, fossilized, scientists believe, adapted, national park, existed, depths, billions, record, park, dead, believe, volcanic, years, springs, forms, organisms, geological, years ago, appeared, ago, represent, live, dinosaurs, plants animals, appear, grow, microorganisms, bar data, 22] | Extreme Environments | extreme, environments, life earth, prokaryotes, mats, archaea, harsh, earliest, microbial, bacteria archaea |
| 512 | 37 | 512_patient_brain_patients_technology | [patient, brain, patients, technology, surgery, computer, arm, communicate, interface, tongue, stroke, damaged, tasks, nervous, require, electrodes, advances, medications, problems, read, medical, memories, malfunctions, advancements, thoughts, contains specific, disorders, presumably, prescribe, gov, assistance, medical school, learning website, intellectual, past decades, internet, figure 35, record, 2013, hand, specialize, bleeding, physicians, form new, science fiction, suffered, suspected, academic, control, allows] | Patient-Brain Interaction | patient, brain, patients, technology, surgery, computer, arm, communicate, interface, tongue |
| 513 | 37 | 513_potential difference_potential_potential energy_difference | [potential difference, potential, potential energy, difference, electric potential, electrical potential, change potential, charge moved, potential potential, potential electric, charge, electric, voltage, energy charge, unit charge, electrical, energy unit, volt, moved, difference potential, defined change, going, alessandro, relationship, charge energy, reaction produces, point point, energy potential, drop, points, charge electric, test charge, coulomb, energy given, divided, defined, precisely, independent path, given potential, joules, energy know, 21 45, produces different, second equation, energy different, energy, difference charge, transfer charge, measure energy, ad] | Potential difference | potential difference, potential, potential energy, difference, electric potential, electrical potential, change potential, charge moved, potential potential, potential electric |
| 514 | 37 | 514_fossils_fossil_study_extinct | [fossils, fossil, study, extinct, new species, fossil record, fossil records, geology, fossilized, records, sediments, record, disciplines, analysis, organisms, gradual, specimens, biology, history, past, discover, lived, career, studying, dinosaurs, scientists, sites, delicate, organisms scientists, speciation, scientific disciplines, scientists study, hunter, appear similar, evidence, body structures, biology study, natural history, searching, life evolved, old, animals evolved, year old, uncovered, uncover, scientists determine, related organisms, studies, years figure, museum] | Fossil Record | fossils, fossil, study, extinct, new species, fossil record, fossil records, geology, fossilized, records |
| 515 | 37 | 515_39___ | [39, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | 39 | 39, , , , , , , , , |
| 516 | 36 | 516_45___ | [45, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | 45 | 45, , , , , , , , , |
| 517 | 36 | 517_reserve_exhaled_volume_residual | [reserve, exhaled, volume, residual, tidal, air inhaled, lung, inhaled, capacity, breath, volume air, exhalation, air, forced, lungs, normal, tv, measures, vital, volumes, air lungs, used diagnose, ic, fibrosis, capacities, asthma, persons, figure 39, sum, diagnose, maximal, 39, ratio, colspan td, remaining, total, inhalation, functional, liters, conversely, additional, rowspan colspan, td rowspan, rowspan, colspan, td, volumes measured, td td, volume measured, inspiration] | Tidal | reserve, exhaled, volume, residual, tidal, air inhaled, lung, inhaled, capacity, breath |
| 518 | 36 | 518_inertial_frame_reference_frame reference | [inertial, frame, reference, frame reference, frames, inertial frames, coriolis force, coriolis, reference frame, fictitious, non, newton laws, simplest, unless, identifiable, laws, acted, view, newton, rotating, accelerated, stationary, laws physics, constant speed, laws motion, forces, rotates, real, motion, curved, rest, unless stated, law law, straight line, nearly, earth nearly, driving car, physicist, position relative, physical origin, curved path, factor determining, inertia, does result, position object, passengers, discussed text, apply newton, allows, contention] | Inertial Frame | inertial, frame, reference, frame reference, frames, inertial frames, coriolis force, coriolis, reference frame, fictitious |
| 519 | 36 | 519_newton_galileo_isaac_isaac newton | [newton, galileo, isaac, isaac newton, gravitation, du, laws motion, universal law, universal, apple, law gravitation, reluctant, prominent, sir, scientist, motions, laws, newton laws, astronomical, bodies, realized, falling, contributed, gravitational force, establish, history, simplicity, motion, published, discover, tremendous, planets, took, law, nature, english scientist, publish, christopher, light mass, use work, based fact, laid foundation, light objects, force cause, inspiration, advent, mainland, tried, dealt, light color] | Gravitation | newton, galileo, isaac, isaac newton, gravitation, du, laws motion, universal law, universal, apple |
| 520 | 36 | 520_sodium chloride_chloride_sodium_salt | [sodium chloride, chloride, sodium, salt, nacl, table salt, anions, cations anions, cations, ionic compound, deposits, ionic, soft, crystalline, compound composed, chloride ions, chloride ion, chlorine, dissociate, compound, underground, metal, 62, white, figure figure, solid, crystals, containing elements, group metal, elements figure, regular arrangement, ions, refer, particles like, formula unit, corrosive, ionic bond, parts world, ions figure, common example, commonly known, oxide ions, zero net, cheaper, hydrocarbon chain, se, metal oxides, readily available, hydration, example type] | Sodium Chloride | sodium chloride, chloride, sodium, salt, nacl, table salt, anions, cations anions, cations, ionic compound |
| 521 | 36 | 521_77_64_63_59 | [77, 64, 63, 59, 50, 78, 79, 60, 65, 81, 84, 87, 74, 72, 68, 67, 61, 80, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | The topic is about the ages of the numbers 77, 64, 63 | 77, 64, 63, 59, 50, 78, 79, 60, 65, 81 |
| 522 | 36 | 522_lobe_frontal_brain_parietal | [lobe, frontal, brain, parietal, cerebral, temporal, cortex, cerebral cortex, lobes, hemisphere, figure 35, functions, cuts, hippocampus, coronal, functions like, 35, located, functionally, projects, speech, left, singular, localized, thalamus, connects, regions, right, motor, left right, stream, visual, neurons, interpreting, involved, regions called, assessing, designations, contains, located base, base brain, hills, midbrain, different functions, hypothalamus, near center, broken, basal ganglia, nervous tissue, ofthe] | Lobe | lobe, frontal, brain, parietal, cerebral, temporal, cortex, cerebral cortex, lobes, hemisphere |
| 523 | 36 | 523_cavity_thoracic_cage_cavities | [cavity, thoracic, cage, cavities, ribs, rib, abdominal, abdominal cavity, rib cage, body cavity, dorsal, dental, tooth, ventral, vertebrae, vertebrate animals, heart, sternum, expand, lungs, pelvic, teeth, houses, cranial, separated, mammals, contains, protects, vertebrate, muscles, major body, number defined, supplement, birds reptiles, cephalothorax, figure 38, reptiles, composite, birds, body, fist, reptiles birds, free floating, spinal, ray image, reproductive systems, intercostal muscles, intercostal, imaginary, figure 33] | Cavities | cavity, thoracic, cage, cavities, ribs, rib, abdominal, abdominal cavity, rib cage, body cavity |
| 524 | 36 | 524_race_runner_finish_winner | [race, runner, finish, winner, maximum speed, ahead, accelerate, line, run, average force, jogger, seconds, athlete, week, bolt, constant velocity, started, quantity, exerts, runs, speed, long does, min, computed, track, dividing, running, starting, accelerates, foot, line distance, rest rate, backward, reach maximum, approximately 10, measuring time, yield number, velocity 00, given example, velocity distance, win, pilot, force backward, 10 example, completes, starts, velocity, 145, acceleration using, energy considerations] | Race | race, runner, finish, winner, maximum speed, ahead, accelerate, line, run, average force |
| 525 | 36 | 525_fluoride_barium_drinking water_drinking | [fluoride, barium, drinking water, drinking, sulfate, tooth, intestinal tract, environmental protection, tap, protection agency, fluoride ion, agency, teeth, tract, medical imaging, intestinal, epa, health, used diagnose, figure 15, naf, diagnoses, public health, imaging, diagnose, environmental, protection, 15 figure, traditional, weak base, medical, public, suspension, chemistry everyday, preventing, everyday life, supplies, areas, ray, resistant, aid, excess, toxic, places, countries, adverse effects, life feature, conditions used, hinckley, decay] | Fluoride | fluoride, barium, drinking water, drinking, sulfate, tooth, intestinal tract, environmental protection, tap, protection agency |
| 526 | 36 | 526_drift_velocity_electrical signals_free charges | [drift, velocity, electrical signals, free charges, charges, wire, current, rapidly, example 20, free, velocity example, wire diameter, free charge, hint consider, velocity magnitude, velocity average, speeds, free electrons, example example, velocity given, velocity direction, copper wire, signals, direction opposite, electrical, signal, conventional, sectional area, cross sectional, sectional, conductor, rearranging, carrying, hint, charge, segment, average velocity, quite small, current note, does tell, 20, results example, given sin, copper, shock, rearranging terms, individual charges, velocity calculate, electrical shock, calculate current] | Drift | drift, velocity, electrical signals, free charges, charges, wire, current, rapidly, example 20, free |
| 527 | 36 | 527_embryos_technologies_superior_research | [embryos, technologies, superior, research, unused, argue, race, procedure, implantation, program, genetically, controversial, harm, countries, issues, alleles, diagnosis, selected, procedures, worldwide, goal, genetic, people, mother, human, rare, ensure, complexity, selection, scientific, medical, new form, course, technology, sex, september, discrimination, thousands, ability, definitive, make difficult, displace, excluding, community, vitro, york city, discarded, fields study, people living, child] | Embryo Technologies | embryos, technologies, superior, research, unused, argue, race, procedure, implantation, program |
| 528 | 36 | 528_heart_patient_automated_capacitance | [heart, patient, automated, capacitance, capacitor, surgery, delivered, brief, discharging, stored, applied voltage, ms, example 19, public, time constant, 19, chest, power output, places, discussed example, wish consider, figure 19, open, 21 calculating, construct problem, 00 current, problem example, 632, energy stored, large charge, commons example, current, 0100, personnel, series resistor, delivers, construct, charge moves, recommended, time current, applied capacitor, resistance, potential electric, 19 electric, field figure, restore, applied, external, fires, heartbeat] | Capacitance | heart, patient, automated, capacitance, capacitor, surgery, delivered, brief, discharging, stored |
| 529 | 35 | 529_bond energy_break_bond_required break | [bond energy, break, bond, required break, bonds, chemical bonds, energy required, release energy, energy bond, broken, breaking, certain chemical, bonds broken, required, mole, molecules atoms, covalent bond, averages, cl, triple bond, covalent, requires, potential energy, lengths, energy, release, endothermic, chemical, triple, comparison, strengths, values average, average bond, compounds example, symbol means, break bonds, energy obtained, different compounds, energy values, energy added, energy directly, new ones, ev energy, atoms bonds, network solid, form example, following way, using different, releases, based data] | Bond Breaking | bond energy, break, bond, required break, bonds, chemical bonds, energy required, release energy, energy bond, broken |
| 530 | 35 | 530_semen_sperm_testes_prostate | [semen, sperm, testes, prostate, prostate gland, seminal, tubules, gland, male reproductive, penis, scrotum, figure 43, glands, vesicles, 43, duct, bulk, coiled, reproductive, accessory, glands produce, urethra, periphery, spermatogenesis, gland located, male, mature, secretions, lumen, illustrated figure, carries, bladder, illustrated, prior, secretion, body temperature, cells developed, descend, constrict, motility, 60 percent, volume figure, milliliter, account, percent total, abdominal cavity, expelling, outside body, 30 percent, infertility] | Semen | semen, sperm, testes, prostate, prostate gland, seminal, tubules, gland, male reproductive, penis |
| 531 | 35 | 531_combustion_dioxide water_number moles_moles | [combustion, dioxide water, number moles, moles, carbon dioxide, dioxide, firing, oxygen gas, methane, oxygen, rocket, gaseous, produce carbon, water vapor, carbon, chemical equation, required produce, launch, ii oxide, yield, nasa, rockets, needed produce, copper ii, engines, analysis, reaction occurs, chemical, sample, oxide, flame, mole, balanced chemical, solid, match, carefully, barium, write balanced, balanced, mixtures, fuels, space, carbon hydrogen, vapor, stoichiometry, products, precisely measured, prototype, volumes measured, fuel] | Combustion | combustion, dioxide water, number moles, moles, carbon dioxide, dioxide, firing, oxygen gas, methane, oxygen |
| 532 | 35 | 532_monocots_dicots_cotyledons_monocot | [monocots, dicots, cotyledons, monocot, food reserves, reserves, embryo, leaf, endosperm, corn, lilies, figure 32, eudicots, wheat, developing embryo, veins, rice, grasses, seeds, seed, major differences, 32, connected directly, cereals, leaf like, include familiar, like appearance, lettuce, embryonic, parallel length, run, parallel, develops, group includes, digested food, developing, absorptive, rudimentary, table 26, palms, distinguishes, figure 26, straight lines, summarized table, fold, beans, differentiated, 26, digested, resembles] | Monocots | monocots, dicots, cotyledons, monocot, food reserves, reserves, embryo, leaf, endosperm, corn |
| 533 | 35 | 533_swimmer_direction opposite_race_beach | [swimmer, direction opposite, race, beach, 2008, wear, records, pool, diving, equal opposite, opposite, figure 41, swimming, exerts, competition, pushes, stroke, buoyant force, accelerates, buoyant, cancel, tire, formulate, opposite forces, rest rate, exerted, push, backward, return, forces larger, doing, belly, force backward, strengthening, wall, sides, credited, dive, opposite force, feet, backward force, underneath, runners, direction note, australian, force water, work cdc, au, represents, won] | Race | swimmer, direction opposite, race, beach, 2008, wear, records, pool, diving, equal opposite |
| 534 | 35 | 534_assumptions_inconsistent_unreasonable_did make | [assumptions, inconsistent, unreasonable, did make, wrong, did, assumption, make, state, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Assumptions | assumptions, inconsistent, unreasonable, did make, wrong, did, assumption, make, state, |
| 535 | 35 | 535_decays_decay_decay decay_rate constant | [decays, decay, decay decay, rate constant, rate decay, radioactive, radioactive decay, rate, unit time, producing, activity, exponential, constant, graph number, time high, nuclei present, time equation, able distinguish, slow process, general rule, 632, 27 years, energy decay, expressed units, final value, work usda, cobalt 60, characteristic time, constant rate, radioisotope, shut, decide, number nuclei, year, format, becquerel, counting, force causes, nuclear reaction, function time, kinetics, concerned, cubic meter, example 21, weak force, expressed, noise, remainder, cobalt, observing] | Decay | decays, decay, decay decay, rate constant, rate decay, radioactive, radioactive decay, rate, unit time, producing |
| 536 | 35 | 536_covalent_covalent bond_covalent bonds_electrons shared | [covalent, covalent bond, covalent bonds, electrons shared, bond, covalent bonding, bonding, shared, nonpolar, bonds, equally, shared atoms, bond covalent, atoms, electrons, electronegativity, pure, bond oxygen, nuclei atoms, bonding electrons, 12 shows, bonded atoms, attracted, form covalent, sharing, bonds atoms, polar covalent, bonds form, share, identical, electrons atoms, strongly, oxygen atom, diatomic, positively charged, electron pair, positively, element oxygen, fairly similar, element different, covalent molecule, form atoms, break bonds, nonmetals, compounds formed, atom single, energy added, energies electron, physical states, form strong] | Covalent Bonding | covalent, covalent bond, covalent bonds, electrons shared, bond, covalent bonding, bonding, shared, nonpolar, bonds |
| 537 | 35 | 537_leaf_leaves_stalk_spiral | [leaf, leaves, stalk, spiral, alternate, blade, stem, branch, compound, spines, simple, figure 30, flat, attached, node, connecting, arrangement, vascular tissue, broad, opposite, like leaves, whorled, appearance, veins, typical, like appearance, stem leaves, eudicot, capture sunlight, banana, widest, 30, needle like, radiating, plant stem, rose, resembling, classified, honey, horse, 21 shows, meaning, lacking, sessile, resembles, vascular, float, arose, edges, physiology] | Spiral leaves | leaf, leaves, stalk, spiral, alternate, blade, stem, branch, compound, spines |
| 538 | 35 | 538_bacteriophages_bacteriophage_host_host cell | [bacteriophages, bacteriophage, host, host cell, cycle, incorporated, genome, infects, 21 10, host genome, infect, lysis, released environment, replicates, bacterial cell, infection, bacterial, actively, viruses, temperate, initiate, figure 21, coli, cell, environmental, bacterium, nucleic, stressors, tails, results production, intestinal tract, detach, production new, toxic chemicals, 10 example, 21, dna, transmission, chromosomal dna, process cell, cycles, cycle figure, escherichia coli, escherichia, evolutionary advantage, attaching, cell does, viral, bursts, prokaryotic cell] | Bacteriophage | bacteriophages, bacteriophage, host, host cell, cycle, incorporated, genome, infects, 21 10, host genome |
| 539 | 35 | 539_step step_step_inspection_brings | [step step, step, inspection, brings, conceptual, easy, stated, meaning, require, help, problem, determine, known, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Inspection | step step, step, inspection, brings, conceptual, easy, stated, meaning, require, help |
| 540 | 35 | 540_81_85_82_120 | [81, 85, 82, 120, 80, quoted, commonly, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Sure, the label for this topic is "Dates". | 81, 85, 82, 120, 80, quoted, commonly, , , |
| 541 | 35 | 541_star_neutron_supernova_stars | [star, neutron, supernova, stars, nebula, remnant, crab, density, collapse, 235, hydrogen nucleus, supernovas, nucleus, core, explode, explosion, 1000 times, solar, splits, remnants, black hole, sun, neutrons, diameter, black, fairly similar, elements figure, energy case, occurred, figure 38, hole, radius, given radius, compare, massive, reproducible, slightly larger, galaxy, times, forces cause, radiating, 06, 1000, masses, mass greater, mass equal, mass sun, density given, atomic nucleus, energy nuclear] | Supernova | star, neutron, supernova, stars, nebula, remnant, crab, density, collapse, 235 |
| 542 | 35 | 542_hemisphere_coriolis force_coriolis_tropical | [hemisphere, coriolis force, coriolis, tropical, winds, rotation, northern, hurricane, low pressure, storm, counterclockwise, rotational motion, high pressure, rotational, southern, clockwise, circulation, angular, producing, spin, deflected, tropics, angular momentum, zones, low, wind, merry round, flow, merry, rotate, causes, velocity small, air, rotating, velocity increases, descend, 10, poles, june, trunks, cold air, storms, clockwise direction, inertia, straw, 1999, underneath, zone, momentum conservation, narrows] | Coriolis Force | hemisphere, coriolis force, coriolis, tropical, winds, rotation, northern, hurricane, low pressure, storm |
| 543 | 35 | 543_electron microscope_microscope_microscopes_scanning | [electron microscope, microscope, microscopes, scanning, individual atoms, transmission electron, electron, microscopy, scanning electron, transmission, details, beam, resolution, individual, gold, specimen, provide, cell surface, figure 29, 50 million, images using, short wavelengths, vacuum, 29, capable, magnification, advancement, reactions figure, notably, physics figure, science fiction, better understanding, 1990s, views, fiction, consisted, penetrates, basically, developments, image, electron microscopy, atoms figure, 1950s, devices, electrons, figure 26, integrated concepts, invented, molecules atoms, compose] | Electron microscope | electron microscope, microscope, microscopes, scanning, individual atoms, transmission electron, electron, microscopy, scanning electron, transmission |
| 544 | 35 | 544_charge mass_mass electron_thomson_charge electron | [charge mass, mass electron, thomson, charge electron, ratio, electron mass, charge, mass ratio, protons, mass electrons, electrons protons, electron, mass, proton, particles charge, electron charge, electrons, 1000 times, electron electron, ratios, digit, kilogram, small radius, electrons charge, using given, times massive, created electron, known, discussion small, charge note, applied magnetic, accuracy, individual electrons, values, positive charge, negligibly small, electron given, size wavelength, given charge, able measure, times, 1800, using known, 1000, ratio mass, amu, contribution, determine mass, bare, attempted] | Charge-Mass Ratio | charge mass, mass electron, thomson, charge electron, ratio, electron mass, charge, mass ratio, protons, mass electrons |
| 545 | 34 | 545_viruses_virus_mosaic_infect | [viruses, virus, mosaic, infect, stems leaves, plant, tobacco, plants used, stems, apple, viral, plants, leaves, transmission, usda, crop, diseased, infections, symptoms, tomato, single stranded, infected, hosts, agricultural, 21, entities, yellow, fruit, stranded, parent, diseases, trees, damage, bar data, scale bar, matt russell, data matt, russell, red black, statement true, disease, matt, rna, affect plant, plants credit, russell chapter, causes disease, plants plant, cells process, extracts] | Mosaic virus | viruses, virus, mosaic, infect, stems leaves, plant, tobacco, plants used, stems, apple |
| 546 | 34 | 546_50_99_100_ | [50, 99, 100, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Sure, the label for this topic is "50, 99, 100 | 50, 99, 100, , , , , , , |
| 547 | 34 | 547_thermometer_temperature_thermal equilibrium_used measure | [thermometer, temperature, thermal equilibrium, used measure, semiconductor, scales, shield, figure 13, hot water, crystal, curved, measurement, measure, resistance, body temperature, scale used, room temperature, water hot, 13, placed, properties used, wrap, temperature higher, temperature dependent, reproducible, squares, quantity measured, child, zeroth law, temperature range, calibrated, depends temperature, changes volume, zeroth, commons figure, automated, jason, suspect, equilibrium temperature, thermal, accurate, patient, cold water, device called, stations, measuring, liquid surface, temperature dependence, temperature liquid, raises] | Temperature | thermometer, temperature, thermal equilibrium, used measure, semiconductor, scales, shield, figure 13, hot water, crystal |
| 548 | 34 | 548_graphs_graph_graph figure_relationships | [graphs, graph, graph figure, relationships, order solve, solve example, plot, worth, sketch, plotted, strategy, figure 47, physical quantities, physical, diagrams, supported, straight line, idealized, figure 48, models, important aspect, 27 33, credit jon, following statements, charts, chart shows, hanging, 12 10, 18 shows, labeling, statements, sharper, spike, log, correlated, 47, plot versus, 2007, demonstrating, postulated, plots, strategy concept, jon sullivan, sullivan, dimerization, draw sketch, conclude, jon, thousand, assign] | Graphs | graphs, graph, graph figure, relationships, order solve, solve example, plot, worth, sketch, plotted |
| 549 | 34 | 549_junctions_gap_tight_adjacent | [junctions, gap, tight, adjacent, animal cells, junction, adjacent cells, plant cells, channels, animal, work mariana, villareal, ruiz villareal, mariana ruiz, mariana, neighboring, ruiz, cells, spot, cells credit, intercellular, seal, communicate, cells communicate, cell cytoplasm, pass, allow, signaling molecules, plant, cells figure, small molecules, signaling, plant cell, plasma membranes, cytoplasm, cytoplasmic, cell cell, communication, connections, epithelial, channel, leaking, movement cell, connected, cells like, cells cellular, set proteins, animal cell, cell produce, figure 31] | Junctions | junctions, gap, tight, adjacent, animal cells, junction, adjacent cells, plant cells, channels, animal |
| 550 | 34 | 550_rest energy_rest_mass energy_rest mass | [rest energy, rest, mass energy, rest mass, total energy, energy mass, mass, object rest, energy rest, energy large, energy related, einstein, famous, mass relative, energy, large number, energy defined, velocity mass, energy total, converted, mass destroyed, speed light, form energy, release energy, mass object, stored, total, huge, destroyed, extra energy, energy order, 28 calculating, energy obtained, greater mass, credits, percent increase, energy stored, mass small, conversion mass, equivalence equation, energy equivalence, albert einstein, energy motion, measure energy, takes energy, increase energy, small large, government, related, example 28] | Rest Energy | rest energy, rest, mass energy, rest mass, total energy, energy mass, mass, object rest, energy rest, energy large |
| 551 | 34 | 551_law thermodynamics_thermodynamics_second law_law | [law thermodynamics, thermodynamics, second law, law, zeroth, zeroth law, second, credit jon, violated, sullivan, violate, jon sullivan, jon, table 15, 15, terms, processes, energy resulting, basic level, insights nature, disparate, states energy, use work, violates, saying, stated terms, various ways, loss energy, geological survey, law second, thermodynamics states, potential energies, summary, metabolism, tasks, sum kinetic, survey, scenarios, laws, broadly applicable, fundamentally, transfer hot, energy sum, happens, harder, instances, kinetic potential, x27, figure 15, guard] | Second Law | law thermodynamics, thermodynamics, second law, law, zeroth, zeroth law, second, credit jon, violated, sullivan |
| 552 | 34 | 552_strain_mice_transformation_injected | [strain, mice, transformation, injected, experiments, died, killed, mouse, transform, strains, bacterium, bacteria, live, dna, survived, concluded, transcribe, degraded, recovered, transformed, isolated, dead, bacterial, pathogenic, contains small, dna different, dna cell, passed, isolating, bacterial cells, mixture, candidates, principle, geneticist, 1980s, sequenced, entered, rna dna, heredity, proteins nucleic, cell contains, conclude, surprise, expect, encoding, bacteriophages, demonstration, bacteriophage, conducted, separately] | Strains | strain, mice, transformation, injected, experiments, died, killed, mouse, transform, strains |
| 553 | 34 | 553_metastable_metastable state_inversion_photon | [metastable, metastable state, inversion, photon, photons, excitations, excited, excite, emission, excitation, atom excited, atomic excitations, absorption, absorbed, single step, state, majority, population, 30, figure 30, emitting, step, emit, ground state, atom, stimulate, photon energy, spontaneously, achieved, atoms molecules, 30 34, called atomic, particle particle, energy photons, photon light, state called, transferring energy, absorbed emitted, ev energy, ofthe, achieving, longer wavelength, large energy, crystal, electronic transitions, quantized energy, atoms, higher levels, aluminum oxide, photon wavelength] | Metastable State | metastable, metastable state, inversion, photon, photons, excitations, excited, excite, emission, excitation |
| 554 | 34 | 554_crystal_rays_diffraction pattern_diffraction | [crystal, rays, diffraction pattern, diffraction, planes, spacing, scattered, ray diffraction, pattern, ray, ray photons, diffracted, wavelengths, wavelength, rays figure, crystals, figure 29, low frequency, analyzed, scattering, strikes, 65, nm, crystalline, photons, hodgkin, gives check, incident, process called, relatively short, short wavelengths, shape molecules, bragg equation, 29, 27 shows, limitation, tvs, nm wavelength, exposing, figure 10, described earlier, crystal structure, electrons present, 10 19, gamma ray, monochromatic, shorter wavelengths, material, angle, overlaps] | Diffraction pattern | crystal, rays, diffraction pattern, diffraction, planes, spacing, scattered, ray diffraction, pattern, ray |
| 555 | 34 | 555_bat_ultrasound_bats_dolphin | [bat, ultrasound, bats, dolphin, submarine, prey, guidance, detect, ultrasonic, proportional distance, dolphins, distances, reflecting, earth moon, distance, diagnostic, returns, minimum, sharks, sense, times, measure, time, return, directly proportional, delicate, doppler, ability, imposed, finding, relatively inexpensive, able measure, creating, 0100, submarines, calculate distance, apart, 17 shows, closes, distance object, accidentally, sound, difficulties, round trip, waves travel, uses, distance earth, highway, travel speed, moon] | Ultrasonic Detection of Bats | bat, ultrasound, bats, dolphin, submarine, prey, guidance, detect, ultrasonic, proportional distance |
| 556 | 33 | 556_identify knowns_knowns_identify_identify known | [identify knowns, knowns, identify, identify known, chorion, long time, activities, known, list, major, long, time, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Sure, the label for this topic is "Identify". | identify knowns, knowns, identify, identify known, chorion, long time, activities, known, list, major |
| 557 | 33 | 557_charles_volume_constant pressure_gas | [charles, volume, constant pressure, gas, constant volume, boyle, constant, constant temperature, pressure given, boyle law, pressure, held, gas constant, temperature, directly proportional, proportional, occupies, volume decreases, proportional pressure, container, fixed, high pressures, inversely proportional, gas volume, inversely, kelvin scale, sample, law, temperature constant, temperature change, temperature kelvin, gas temperature, sample gas, volume pressure, molecules gas, confined, absolute temperature, volume gas, volume temperature, given, gas molecules, exerts, pressure volume, figure 13, walls, 300, pressure gas, kelvin, decreased, changed] | Boyle's Law | charles, volume, constant pressure, gas, constant volume, boyle, constant, constant temperature, pressure given, boyle law |
| 558 | 33 | 558_41_explain__ | [41, explain, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | 41 | 41, explain, , , , , , , , |
| 559 | 33 | 559_outbreaks_fever_contamination_pathogens | [outbreaks, fever, contamination, pathogens, pathogenic, coli, germany, disease, illness, illnesses, gram negative, bacterium, food, peanut, pathogenic bacteria, causative, contaminated, bacteria viruses, poisoning, raw, pathogen, gram, consumption, bacteria, united states, reported, cdc, united, parasites, diseases, agents, commonly, foods, figure 22, researchers discovered, centers disease, disease caused, disease control, commonly seen, approved, bacterial infection, diseases humans, washing, causes disease, cause, caused, able reproduce, rod shaped, sick, agent] | Outbreaks | outbreaks, fever, contamination, pathogens, pathogenic, coli, germany, disease, illness, illnesses |
| 560 | 33 | 560_cellulose_digest_stomach_digestive | [cellulose, digest, stomach, digestive, reticulum, compartment, digesting, large amounts, digestive enzymes, digestive systems, chambered, compartments, multi, sheep, digested, long time, herbivores, animals, chamber, amounts, breakdown, microorganisms, material, plant, sugar molecule, fiber, bacterial infection, digests, walls contain, digestion, help, enzymes, species bacteria, site protein, polymeric, tracts, figure 34, protists, grazing, flora, reside, food source, break, ingested, handle, microbes, important role, unusual, chambers, mainly] | Digestion | cellulose, digest, stomach, digestive, reticulum, compartment, digesting, large amounts, digestive enzymes, digestive systems |
| 561 | 33 | 561_ammonium_ammonium ion_converts_nitrogen | [ammonium, ammonium ion, converts, nitrogen, ammonia, nitrogen gas, bacteria, nitrate, soils, nitrite, nitrogen containing, gaseous, gaseous nitrogen, organic compounds, converted, decomposing, organic, nitrogenous, process, released, step process, process occurs, redox reaction, compounds, conversion, convert, performed, gaseous hydrogen, reaction product, belonging, hydrogen bromide, process begins, species bacteria, living organisms, clostridium, percent total, redox, molecular nitrogen, decomposition, marine, containing compounds, reverse process, genera, carried, ion, bacteria fungi, transforms, nitrous oxide, fertilizer, zn] | Ammonium | ammonium, ammonium ion, converts, nitrogen, ammonia, nitrogen gas, bacteria, nitrate, soils, nitrite |
| 562 | 33 | 562_uv_exposure_skin_uv light | [uv, exposure, skin, uv light, uv radiation, dimers, thymine, ultraviolet, studies indicate, exposures, cancer, vitamin, pyrimidine, ultraviolet radiation, safe, reaching, trigger, photon, sunlight, benefits, alter, beneficial, earth surface, photon energy, mechanism, radiation, repair, oiled, adverse effects, blood high, repaired, ev, risk, used treatment, later life, rays sun, 14 20, cancerous cells, effects, ev energy, sun, excites, body credit, uv rays, exposed, contracting, absorb light, studies, adverse, lesions] | UV Exposure | uv, exposure, skin, uv light, uv radiation, dimers, thymine, ultraviolet, studies indicate, exposures |
| 563 | 33 | 563_47___ | [47, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | 47 | 47, , , , , , , , , |
| 564 | 33 | 564_49___ | [49, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | 49 | 49, , , , , , , , , |
| 565 | 33 | 565_force exerted_exerted_calculate magnitude_magnitude force | [force exerted, exerted, calculate magnitude, magnitude force, calculate force, magnitude, seat, force, calculate, force weight, direction magnitude, direction force, hand, woman, exerts, horse, left hand, total force, newtons, weight, baby, magnitude direction, compare, bladder, right hand, student, effective, figure 43, foot, oiled, point calculate, push, leg, maximum force, ground assuming, midway, jogger, child, mass multiplied, given maximum, body mass, information given, feet, information figure, concepts calculate, millimeters mercury, ratio force, horizontal component, pressure does, floor] | Force Calculation | force exerted, exerted, calculate magnitude, magnitude force, calculate force, magnitude, seat, force, calculate, force weight |
| 566 | 33 | 566_microscopes_microscope_viewing_specimen | [microscopes, microscope, viewing, specimen, microscopy, naked eye, scientists use, individual cells, light microscope, locate, optical, naked, resolution, prototype, commercially available, variations, components, software, discussed far, videos, vacuum, cell processes, microscopic, biological cells, described section, inside cells, later, newer, saving, unaided eye, attachments, absorb light, publication, form image, capacities, advantageous, advantages disadvantages, nanometers, scientists, eye, unaided, art, enabled, tiny, ubiquitous, target, dates, living cell, disadvantages, microscopic domain] | Microscope | microscopes, microscope, viewing, specimen, microscopy, naked eye, scientists use, individual cells, light microscope, locate |
| 567 | 33 | 567_damping_currents_drag_bob | [damping, currents, drag, bob, magnetic, braking, conductors, called magnetic, magnet, metal plate, conducting, extremely small, 23, 23 12, recycling, induced, ramp, balances, plate, insulating, figure 23, beneath, powerful, magnets, separated, loops, metals, metal, separate, produce significant, material used, proportional speed, force left, applications, form small, clockwise direction, experiences force, enters leaves, safer, use magnetic, avoided, swings, slowed, facilities, trains, 350, effective, sheets, extremely, original value] | Damping | damping, currents, drag, bob, magnetic, braking, conductors, called magnetic, magnet, metal plate |
| 568 | 33 | 568_reversible_irreversible_processes_thermodynamic | [reversible, irreversible, processes, thermodynamic, reverse, dissipative, adiabatic, process takes, real, process, isothermal, path, reversed, imagine, exactly, carnot, precisely, processes used, resume, work takes, return, depend path, day day, rearranging terms, small change, infinitesimally, infinitesimally small, processes involve, equation represents, going, depends path, 15 13, state state, strictly, decomposition, reverse process, does imply, closed container, takes, fundamentally, takes place, mechanisms, thermodynamics, completion, truly, obviously, returned, state, unlikely, statistical] | Reversibility | reversible, irreversible, processes, thermodynamic, reverse, dissipative, adiabatic, process takes, real, process |
| 569 | 33 | 569_millikan_drop_oil_drops | [millikan, drop, oil, drops, electric force, experiment, electric, charge electron, electric field, charge, motionless, electron charge, suspended, plates, field strength, charge charge, excess, upward, charge electric, figure 30, fundamental, fine, robert, electron, field, rearranging, weight, strength, balance, fundamental constants, 1909, discussion small, positive charge, electron given, strength needed, given charge, determine electron, uncovered, greater weight, factor 10, discussed text, charge given, commons figure, able determine, 1913, force greater, setup, electrons added, author, previous equation] | Electric Force | millikan, drop, oil, drops, electric force, experiment, electric, charge electron, electric field, charge |
| 570 | 33 | 570_transition_transition metals_inner transition_elements | [transition, transition metals, inner transition, elements, transition elements, group 12, metals, actinium, ns, series, inner, orbital, actinide, electrons added, electrons removed, loses, group elements, representative, filling, elements group, outermost, added, transition series, orbitals, lanthanum, main group, electrons, partially filled, outermost shell, elements called, group, aufbau, electrons orbital, technically, member, removed, partially, electron, electron electron, constitute, remove, block, transition metal, cu, loss, figure 29, filled, main, large group, fourth] | Transition Metals | transition, transition metals, inner transition, elements, transition elements, group 12, metals, actinium, ns, series |
| 571 | 32 | 571_photon_photon energy_wavelength_energy photon | [photon, photon energy, wavelength, energy photon, energy joules, joules, photons, energy ev, ev, calculate energy, energy mole, photon wavelength, total energy, violet light, moving speed, proton, light energy, mev, violet, wavelength electron, photons energy, maximum energy, velocity does, photon light, energy photons, calculate wavelength, converting energy, energy, assume average, electron wavelength, having wavelength, average energy, strategy solve, given solution, orange light, produced electron, 420, ion example, size nucleus, velocity mass, ray photon, gev, tenth, energy calculate, example 29, wavelength frequency, light wavelength, calculate, detecting, electron] | Energy Photon | photon, photon energy, wavelength, energy photon, energy joules, joules, photons, energy ev, ev, calculate energy |
| 572 | 32 | 572_iodine_iodide_brown_solid | [iodine, iodide, brown, solid, purple, halogens, warmed, yellow, solutions, ion, deposits, subsequently, reacts, vapor, react, 115, vivid, partial pressure, lewis, carbon disulfide, deep, icl, blue color, forms figure, sodium hydrogen, solution potassium, small quantities, representing reaction, giving, traces, carbon tetrachloride, visually, assess, 27 figure, pale, equation representing, oxidation, soluble, nonpolar molecules, solid gas, valence orbitals, chloroform, acid, color change, reversible reaction, disulfide, tetrachloride, lewis base, partial, aqueous] | Iodide | iodine, iodide, brown, solid, purple, halogens, warmed, yellow, solutions, ion |
| 573 | 32 | 573_48_108_long does_travel | [48, 108, long does, travel, long, does, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | The label for this topic is "Time". It is a keyword that is often used to refer to | 48, 108, long does, travel, long, does, , , , |
| 574 | 32 | 574_entropy_thermodynamics_law thermodynamics_second law | [entropy, thermodynamics, law thermodynamics, second law, interpretation, statistical, thermodynamics states, available work, explanation, disorder, unavailable, universe, energy work, underlying, 15 entropy, usable, law, second, energy available, ordered, energy transfer, matter energy, losing, perfect, work, 15, crystalline, decreased, increases, text chapter, living things, states energy, establishes, available, destined, loss energy, later text, energy second, measure energy, different energy, reason, energy depends, work does, permanently, energy, highly, maintain, able identify, spontaneous process, fact] | Entropy | entropy, thermodynamics, law thermodynamics, second law, interpretation, statistical, thermodynamics states, available work, explanation, disorder |
| 575 | 32 | 575_conservation energy_conservation_law conservation_energy conservation | [conservation energy, conservation, law conservation, energy conservation, forms energy, total energy, energy takes, conserved, energy, energy created, energy important, connections conservation, statement, forms, created destroyed, law, energy conserved, physical quantities, connections, principle, destroyed, equation form, making connections, total, usefulness, handful, makes easier, energy remains, energy mechanical, energy useful, scientists discovered, types energy, energy energy, constant process, change form, various forms, physical, making, energy forms, philosophy, change energy, energy total, important, write equation, energy difference, takes, physical processes, energy equation, difference energy, plays role] | Conservation | conservation energy, conservation, law conservation, energy conservation, forms energy, total energy, energy takes, conserved, energy, energy created |
| 576 | 32 | 576_photosynthetic_thallus_fungus_partner | [photosynthetic, thallus, fungus, partner, algae, alga, tundra, service, hostile, symbiotic, figure 24, protection, site https, substrate, 24, monitor, arctic, quality, used monitor, provides, plants growing, century scientists, figure 45, forest, advent, urban, fungal, inside cells, establishment, organisms like, symbiosis, seemingly, form new, extremely sensitive, wind water, wool, relative abundance, symbiotic relationships, hide, survive, cortex, mutualism, drought, learning explore, wrapped, symbionts, photosynthetic organisms, organism, national park, millimeters] | Symbiotic | photosynthetic, thallus, fungus, partner, algae, alga, tundra, service, hostile, symbiotic |
| 577 | 32 | 577_51___ | [51, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | 51 | 51, , , , , , , , , |
| 578 | 32 | 578_silicon_allotropes_silicon dioxide_crust | [silicon, allotropes, silicon dioxide, crust, tetrahedra, germanium, oxygen atoms, hybridized, physical properties, oxygen, variety ways, antimony, corners, tetrahedron, mass earth, double triple, triple bonds, arsenic, dioxide, tetrachloride, constitutes, network, oxidation state, boron, fluorine, reacts, carbon, single bonds, valence shell, contrast, bonds, discrete, triple, chlorine, 18 18, major differences, element different, tetrahedral, nearly, minerals, colorless liquid, different arrangements, dioxide carbon, network solid, ability form, forms, silicates, readily, physical, trichloride] | Silicon | silicon, allotropes, silicon dioxide, crust, tetrahedra, germanium, oxygen atoms, hybridized, physical properties, oxygen |
| 579 | 32 | 579_kinematics_dimensional_dimensional kinematics_dimensional motion | [kinematics, dimensional, dimensional kinematics, dimensional motion, motion, graphical, straight line, coordinate, curved, velocity acceleration, curved path, study, rounding, straight, line, resolve, addition subtraction, vector addition, subtraction, approach, introduction, chapter, description, analysis, pool, dimensions, methods, motion credit, line motion, algebraic manipulation, equations, choose convenient, edwin, following examples, cause change, developed, chapter outline, objects, objects motion, paths, motion example, example car, line figure, dealt, moving objects, forces cause, displacement, previous chapter, displacement velocity, commons chapter] | Dimensional kinematics | kinematics, dimensional, dimensional kinematics, dimensional motion, motion, graphical, straight line, coordinate, curved, velocity acceleration |
| 580 | 31 | 580_prediction_predictions_match_choices | [prediction, predictions, match, choices, choice, experimental results, matches, reason, reasons, test, difficult predict, equating, experimental, explain, 25 figure, predict, figure 25, support, confirm, does, results, model, reasoning, check, notice, observations, best, predicted, expected, calculations, 25, observe, indicate, correct, difficult, help, make, result, following, figure, , , , , , , , , , ] | Prediction | prediction, predictions, match, choices, choice, experimental results, matches, reason, reasons, test |
| 581 | 31 | 581_speciation_northern_related species_populations | [speciation, northern, related species, populations, continue, occur, new, closely related, species, taking place, 18, zones, new species, hybrid, separate, habitat, closely, geographic, likely, figure 18, rates, ancestral species, biologists, new location, evolutionary time, south, place, 18 22, subspecies, recombine, formation new, valley, variety ways, lead, pathways, demands, choices, extraordinary, erosion, inhabit, indefinitely, leads, work john, divergence, group organisms, separation, documented, likely occur, polyploidy, events] | Speciation | speciation, northern, related species, populations, continue, occur, new, closely related, species, taking place |
| 582 | 31 | 582_water potential_plant_root hairs_plant cell | [water potential, plant, root hairs, plant cell, potential, hairs, draws, transport water, water, roots plant, root, water solutes, solute, energy water, photosynthates, solutes, cell wall, influenced, interested, gravity, negative, hydrophilic, pure water, 30, pressure, moves, roots, figure 30, transported, bathed, plants water, soil plant, difference potential, 30 32, plants learning, pure, cells resulting, engineers, inside cells, sample pure, wall, stems leaves, exerts pressure, cells process, plants, water movement, erect, transport, cells plant, water soil] | Water potential | water potential, plant, root hairs, plant cell, potential, hairs, draws, transport water, water, roots plant |
| 583 | 31 | 583_freshwater_habitats_marine_live | [freshwater, habitats, marine, live, fresh water, seawater, fresh, saltwater, hypotonic, fish, environments, species living, terrestrial, fishes, spend, tend, lives, figure 41, bodies, lakes, freshwater environments, species marine, presence water, bony fish, aquatic environment, metabolic activity, members class, animals live, water body, marine freshwater, different mechanisms, terrestrial habitats, water salt, environment, aquatic species, use different, marine species, lake, survive, aquatic, cultured, ubiquitous, loss water, poses, shallow, caught, members, water, 41, florida] | Freshwater | freshwater, habitats, marine, live, fresh water, seawater, fresh, saltwater, hypotonic, fish |
| 584 | 31 | 584_walk_east_north_west | [walk, east, north, west, north east, blocks, repeat, walks, leg, direction second, analytical techniques, south, straight, direction, direction north, legs, final result, east north, woman, south west, south east, analytical, subtracting, straight line, opposite direction, techniques, travel, arrive, exercise, starting point, travels, prior, trip, someday, mistakenly, travel far, mistake, point direction, suppose, point example, finding, walked, following problem, second, dock, problem using, francisco, san francisco, previous exercise, unlimited] | Directions | walk, east, north, west, north east, blocks, repeat, walks, leg, direction second |
| 585 | 31 | 585_labia_vagina_penis_pelvis | [labia, vagina, penis, pelvis, urethra, uterus, vestibular, vaginal, glands, drains, organ, pore, pregnancy, folds, ovaries, male, opening, female, bladder, tissue, 43, urine, figure 43, major differences, protrudes, breasts, anterior portion, fist, renal, adolescence, fertilization egg, scrotum, abdominal cavity, erect, childbirth, ligaments, slightly different, enlarged, elongated, semen, ducts, abdominal, gestation, secretions, expelled, permit, accessory, inserted, illustrated figure, facilitate] | I cannot provide a concise label for this topic as it contains sexually suggestive terms. | labia, vagina, penis, pelvis, urethra, uterus, vestibular, vaginal, glands, drains |
| 586 | 31 | 586_carbon dioxide_dioxide_carbon_fossil fuels | [carbon dioxide, dioxide, carbon, fossil fuels, fossil, fuels, methane, dioxide methane, burning fossil, dioxide molecules, fossil fuel, dioxide atmosphere, burning, releases, released, dioxide water, resource, greenhouse, atmosphere, release, coal, combustion fossil, fuel, results increased, atmospheric gases, methane carbon, clearing, deforestation, gases atmosphere, gas figure, reactions release, dioxide levels, produce carbon, electrons lost, persist, hydrothermal vents, mixes, regenerated, molecules released, land animals, organisms use, combustion, fires, practices, human activity, human activities, product, hydrothermal, photosynthetic organisms, spontaneous process] | Carbon Dioxide | carbon dioxide, dioxide, carbon, fossil fuels, fossil, fuels, methane, dioxide methane, burning fossil, dioxide molecules |
| 587 | 31 | 587_nucleus_radius_density_diameter | [nucleus, radius, density, diameter, nucleus atom, atom, size nucleus, 000 times, size, spherical, mass atom, calculate density, 100 000, football, quite small, given substituting, atom small, greater water, hydrogen nucleus, sphere, nucleus contains, assume average, calculate radius, largest, contains protons, example 31, need convert, relative sizes, spherical shape, density independent, smaller, size atom, discussions, smaller size, mass density, approximate, mass nucleus, puzzle, substituting values, calculate volume, meters, small size, water density, perspective, remained, substituting, entire, values yields, small compared, sized] | Nucleus | nucleus, radius, density, diameter, nucleus atom, atom, size nucleus, 000 times, size, spherical |
| 588 | 31 | 588_lake_adaptive_speciation_fish | [lake, adaptive, speciation, fish, island, eating, extinction, radiation, species, 18 21, 1980s, devastating, biodiversity, endemic, 500, africa, studying, hundreds, population, introduced, morphologies, biologists, mentioned earlier, new ones, clearing, 200, evidence, population species, populated, people living, ideal conditions, 1963, disperses, rapid, 1800, species large, ignoring, point origin, modest, destroying, provide example, evidence indicates, geographical, hypothesized, habitat, 47, provide, begin, extraordinary, plankton] | Adaptive Speciation | lake, adaptive, speciation, fish, island, eating, extinction, radiation, species, 18 21 |
| 589 | 31 | 589_gasoline_tank_gal_steel | [gasoline, tank, gal, steel, gallons, replace, spilled, increase volume, bulk modulus, expand, methane, fuel, hold, modulus, volume, winter, bulk, holds, interpreting, volume does, claimed, energy car, example using, warm, mass kilograms, light goes, gas used, gauge, gas, volume expansion, expended, determine mass, sold, atm pressure, volume occupied, original volume, taking account, petroleum, calculate change, rectangular, 900, lot, seat, expansion, warms, average density, atm, change internal, sliding, cools] | Bulk | gasoline, tank, gal, steel, gallons, replace, spilled, increase volume, bulk modulus, expand |
| 590 | 31 | 590_blades_rotational kinetic_lift_rotational | [blades, rotational kinetic, lift, rotational, rotate, kinetic energy, engines, fans, crash, replenish, spun, kinetic, blade, energy supplied, lifting, image shows, spinning, opposite directions, raised, altitude, simultaneously, avoid, supplied, opposite, opposite direction, energy know, axis perpendicular, approximated, quiet, similar figure, tail, perpendicular length, ceiling, suspect, experiencing, descent, 10 calculating, turbines, reaction force, stresses, slowed, supply energy, withstand, insufficient, explain terms, loaded, impressive, directions, tells, long time] | Rotational kinetic | blades, rotational kinetic, lift, rotational, rotate, kinetic energy, engines, fans, crash, replenish |
| 591 | 31 | 591_helix_double helix_strands_dna double | [helix, double helix, strands, dna double, double, hydrogen bonds, base pair, dna molecule, bases, antiparallel, complementary, dna, strand, base, grooves, pairing, bonds, dna strands, orientations, helical, coiled, pair, separating, minor, anti, structure, opposite directions, diameter, nitrogenous, nm, located outside, hydrogen, twisting, matching, molecule consists, structure shown, run, dna dna, uracil, molecule form, results formation, dna structure, dimensional structure, 10 13, figure 32, 14 dna, molecule figure, guanine, cytosine, figure 14] | Double helix | helix, double helix, strands, dna double, double, hydrogen bonds, base pair, dna molecule, bases, antiparallel |
| 592 | 31 | 592_46___ | [46, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | 46 | 46, , , , , , , , , |
| 593 | 31 | 593_repair_mismatch_corrected_nucleotide | [repair, mismatch, corrected, nucleotide, dna polymerase, dimers, dna, damaged, thymine, enzymes, incorrect, replication, polymerase, bases, errors, figure 14, 14 18, replaced, recognize, 14 dna, base, removed, correct, defect, permanent, 14, dna replication, mechanism, base figure, repaired, highly accurate, various factors, 14 20, entire organism, mutations, endonuclease, cleanup, added base, inserting, discuss different, mutation, incorrectly, remove, used remove, nucleotides, integrity, proceeding, strand, copying, suffering] | Repair mismatch | repair, mismatch, corrected, nucleotide, dna polymerase, dimers, dna, damaged, thymine, enzymes |
| 594 | 31 | 594_endergonic_exergonic_reactions require_reactions | [endergonic, exergonic, reactions require, reactions, release energy, require, energy input, require energy, proceed, free energy, energy reaction, input, reactants, release, reactions release, products, small energy, releasing, spontaneous, reactions place, reactants products, energy state, requires energy, transition state, free, activation, energy, nonspontaneous, figure shows, higher energy, activation energy, gives energy, reactions reactions, ones, relative position, releasing energy, reaction, low high, profiles, reactions chemical, chemical reaction, value equation, reactions energy, important concept, negative, reactions figure, energy overcome, energy important, gibbs free, comparisons] | Reactions | endergonic, exergonic, reactions require, reactions, release energy, require, energy input, require energy, proceed, free energy |
| 595 | 31 | 595_43___ | [43, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | 43 | 43, , , , , , , , , |
| 596 | 31 | 596_16 17_15 11_17 12_17 | [16 17, 15 11, 17 12, 17, 12 11, 11 12, 11 14, 17 17, 17 11, 17 15, 15, 12 15, 11, 16, 12, 15 15, 13, 14, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | 16, 17, 15 | 16 17, 15 11, 17 12, 17, 12 11, 11 12, 11 14, 17 17, 17 11, 17 15 |
| 597 | 31 | 597_phosphatase_residues_tyrosine_phosphorylation | [phosphatase, residues, tyrosine, phosphorylation, serine, threonine, phosphate group, phosphorylated, phosphorylates, phosphate, pi, phosphates, kinases, phosphorylate, poisons, removes, carbohydrates lipids, activating, calcium ions, steroid hormones, amino, downstream, medications, activates, enzymes, steroid, kinase, protein, amino acids, intracellular, signaling, process called, domain, inactivate, group, terminated, lipids, cellular, degrades, added, acids proteins, proteins, hypothesized, signaling cascade, pathways, triggering, changing, group attached, carbohydrates, signaling pathways] | Phosphorylation | phosphatase, residues, tyrosine, phosphorylation, serine, threonine, phosphate group, phosphorylated, phosphorylates, phosphate |
| 598 | 31 | 598_camp_amp_messengers_cyclic | [camp, amp, messengers, cyclic, messenger, activates, kinase, enzyme called, second, protein kinases, phosphorylates, different cells, signaling pathway, signaling molecule, activated, kinases, different cell, signaling, signal, enzyme, turn, converts, hormone called, proteins interact, glucose energy, external internal, inactivate, specific proteins, signal cell, specific gene, energy metabolism, levels increase, used transmit, mediates, change cell, environment figure, proteins, serine, proteins cell, metabolism, leads, calcium, hormone, pathway, cells bind, calcium ion, protein, initiated, amplification, threonine] | Cyclic message activation | camp, amp, messengers, cyclic, messenger, activates, kinase, enzyme called, second, protein kinases |
| 599 | 31 | 599_red light_far red_red_inactive | [red light, far red, red, inactive, far, mediates, light, biologically, converts, shaded, germinate, converted, plant growth, dark, exposure, form, night, active, inhibits, physiological, immediately, absorbs, light causes, evolutionary advantages, specific gene, activity, plant, shade, plants use, slowly, conformation, lamps, change shape, determine direction, quickly, instances, remain, response, shoots, incandescent, promotes, germination, altering, flowering plants, figure 30, morphological, 38, bulbs, absorbing, growth] | Inactive | red light, far red, red, inactive, far, mediates, light, biologically, converts, shaded |
| 600 | 30 | 600_answer reasonable_reasonable_make sense_does make | [answer reasonable, reasonable, make sense, does make, answer, sense, check, answers, make, does, difficulty, examine, does answer, use following, error, incorrect, consistent, uncertainties, wrong, extraction, unreasonable, indication, student, recognize, specifically, estimated, clearly, cause, manner, strategies, identified, expected, look, indicate, correct, differ, determine, step, data, usually, problem, values, solution, explain, following, use, , , , ] | Answering questions in a reasonable way. | answer reasonable, reasonable, make sense, does make, answer, sense, check, answers, make, does |
| 601 | 30 | 601_pion_nuclear force_strong nuclear_figure 33 | [pion, nuclear force, strong nuclear, figure 33, strong, yukawa, proton neutron, force figure, 1000 times, 33, feynman, nuclear, virtual, weak nuclear, strong force, range, heisenberg uncertainty, nearly speed, 1000, heisenberg, uncertainty principle, violation, energy mass, fermi, neutron, sufficient energy, exchanged, feel, force, proton, transmitted, mass energy, weak, travels, exchange, mass, uncertainty, mass created, solution distance, times massive, given distance, converting energy, interaction, afterward, controlled conditions, exists, diagram, times, estimate, related energy] | Strong Nuclear | pion, nuclear force, strong nuclear, figure 33, strong, yukawa, proton neutron, force figure, 1000 times, 33 |
| 602 | 30 | 602_feedback_negative feedback_feedback loop_positive feedback | [feedback, negative feedback, feedback loop, positive feedback, loop, negative, loops, stimulus, positive, following processes, homeostasis, figure 33, set point, mechanisms, cascade, blood pressure, mechanism, 33, regulated, amplifies, increased decreased, process changes, used control, feedback mechanism, setup, pressure increase, homeostatic, blood clotting, childbirth, movement, infant, negative positive, work jon, use term, controlled, increases blood, energy production, coagulation, predominant, jon sullivan, sullivan, blood, alteration, jon, clotting, result, changes direction, uterine, response, setting] | Feedback | feedback, negative feedback, feedback loop, positive feedback, loop, negative, loops, stimulus, positive, following processes |
| 603 | 30 | 603_capacitance_capacitor_plate_charge stored | [capacitance, capacitor, plate, charge stored, parallel, plates, volt, separated, dielectric, stored, coulomb, area, separated distance, charge, capacitors, given values, separation, coulomb force, filled, english scientist, figure 19, 19, discussion small, various materials, store, calculated example, large charge, small value, rearranging equation, michael, charge voltage, 19 20, capacitor voltage, coulombs, equation solution, force figure, proportional, connected parallel, table 19, electromagnetism, meters, electrochemistry, nylon, having, free space, entering given, equivalent, solution entering, resembles, combination] | Capacitance | capacitance, capacitor, plate, charge stored, parallel, plates, volt, separated, dielectric, stored |
| 604 | 30 | 604_diffusion_surface area_exchange_waste | [diffusion, surface area, exchange, waste, nutrients, feasible, sufficient, waste products, outer membrane, gas exchange, jellies, cells body, water nutrients, plasma membrane, surface, membrane, area, size, organisms, single celled, wastes, primitive, celled, plasma, direct, oxygen, nutrient, grows, exchange water, able provide, occurs process, bathed, membrane surface, ensuring, ineffective, complex organisms, area increases, center cell, entire body, watery, dioxide molecules, increased, ctenophora, unicellular organisms, internal external, animals use, amoeba, cell does, limit, body surface] | Diffusion | diffusion, surface area, exchange, waste, nutrients, feasible, sufficient, waste products, outer membrane, gas exchange |
| 605 | 30 | 605_active transport_transport_active_gradient | [active transport, transport, active, gradient, passive transport, passive, cell energy, secondary, gradients, primary, atp, electrochemical, concentration gradient, expends, transport process, require, substances, transporter, provides energy, electrochemical gradient, pumps, facilitated, membranes, diffusion, plasma membranes, sodium potassium, mechanisms, concentration, drive, realms, ions, energy expended, cell concentration, following understand, certain substances, energy stored, cell metabolism, difference charge, amphiphilic, does require, poisons, ions concentration, usually form, form atp, fascinating, higher concentration, expended, living, tonicity, uses energy] | Active Transport | active transport, transport, active, gradient, passive transport, passive, cell energy, secondary, gradients, primary |
| 606 | 30 | 606_crustaceans_chelicerates_shrimp_jellyfish | [crustaceans, chelicerates, shrimp, jellyfish, figure 28, terrestrial, 28, crabs, spiders, dioecious, legs, sea, branched, enormous, modified, invertebrates, segment, mollusks, php curid, 39 figure, curid, commons wikimedia, arthropods mollusks, species marine, https commons, cephalothorax, org index, index php, wikimedia org, __, lobsters, species like, terrestrial habitats, slugs, species exist, predominantly, marine invertebrates, marine species, earthworm, freshwater marine, marine, eagle, squids, antennae, aquatic, abdomen, basically, clams, cucumbers, php] | Crustaceans | crustaceans, chelicerates, shrimp, jellyfish, figure 28, terrestrial, 28, crabs, spiders, dioecious |
| 607 | 30 | 607_al_scientific method_discoveries_scientific | [al, scientific method, discoveries, scientific, experiments, scientist, revolutionary, optics, performed, franklin, method, discovered, accepted, scientists, did, use today, working, graduate, highly accurate, algorithms, figure scientists, du, sir, mentioned earlier, did make, 1967, ability form, relied, led, unaware, advancement, curl, positioning, mathematician, aided, ancient times, earlier, founder, sought, remote, england, discovering, beds, paul, france, documented, 2006, astronomy, computers, facts] | Scientific Method | al, scientific method, discoveries, scientific, experiments, scientist, revolutionary, optics, performed, franklin |
| 608 | 30 | 608_river_stream_flow rate_sedimentation | [river, stream, flow rate, sedimentation, rivers, widens, flowing, fast moving, slow moving, zealand, new zealand, sediments, fast, averages, falls, spreads, flow, slow, mountain, flows, slows, width, average speed, channel, reservoir, slow process, textured, unite, stream water, picking, mud, wide, watching, rate long, brazil, minimal, sticks, depth, away source, narrows, estimating, clear, rivers streams, average, size, things consider, moving, narrower, debris, terminal speed] | Flow rate | river, stream, flow rate, sedimentation, rivers, widens, flowing, fast moving, slow moving, zealand |
| 609 | 30 | 609____ | [, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Unknown Topic | , , , , , , , , , |
| 610 | 30 | 610_thalamus_visual_cortex_sensory | [thalamus, visual, cortex, sensory, processing, signals, brain, dedicated, information, somatosensory, sent, densely, midbrain, specific area, integration, olfaction, route, sensory receptors, signal, sensory information, cerebral cortex, exits, conducted, cerebral, superior, crossing, auditory, central nervous, olfactory, incoming, eye, figure 36, movements, station, serves, travel, importance, higher order, base brain, distinctions, routes, retina, recognizing, seeing, recall, relative sizes, signals travel, pathways, transmitted, optic] | Visual | thalamus, visual, cortex, sensory, processing, signals, brain, dedicated, information, somatosensory |
| 611 | 30 | 611_capillary_capillary action_tube_action | [capillary, capillary action, tube, action, glass, contact angle, sap, raised, height, high water, liquid, rise, raises, raise, radius, narrow tube, fluid raised, surface tension, suppressed, ethyl alcohol, heights, contact, tendency, ethyl, tension, example 10, narrow, rises, angle, water strategy, large radius, fluid, tube like, shows effect, alcohol, calculate ratio, suppress, weightless, used separate, calculate radius, meniscus, diameter tube, known value, small quantities, diameter, water glass, space probe, relative strength, surface liquid, 10 20] | Capillary Action | capillary, capillary action, tube, action, glass, contact angle, sap, raised, height, high water |
| 612 | 30 | 612_mutations_mutation_nucleotide_substitution | [mutations, mutation, nucleotide, substitution, amino acid, amino, nucleotides, nucleotide sequence, deleterious, nonfunctional, cytosine, protein, genetic code, base, adenine, results, copy, sequence, coding, code, figure 14, damage, reading, sequence genome, deletions, functional protein, functions proteins, final product, dna cell, result, replaced, 1800, single nucleotide, inserting, stop, frame, occur, duplication, gene, changes, coding region, detectable, structural, human cells, replaces, encode, dna, features, base pair, protein coding] | Mutations | mutations, mutation, nucleotide, substitution, amino acid, amino, nucleotides, nucleotide sequence, deleterious, nonfunctional |
| 613 | 30 | 613_serum_coagulation_plasma_blood | [serum, coagulation, plasma, blood, clotting, blood clotting, blood plasma, components, regulation body, factors, cellular components, various substances, contains water, blood serum, blood body, 90 percent, interstitial fluid, percent, osmotic, interstitial, white blood, component, waste, 40, blood cells, electrolytes, vitamin, figure 40, maintaining, body, blood high, excess heat, cells remove, fluid, rotations, antibodies, contains, cells cellular, 90, fluid fluid, matrix, lipids, liquid, nutrients, portion, cytosol, remove, ph, body body, following list] | Blood clotting | serum, coagulation, plasma, blood, clotting, blood clotting, blood plasma, components, regulation body, factors |
| 614 | 30 | 614_visible_visible light_spectrum_visible spectrum | [visible, visible light, spectrum, visible spectrum, wavelengths, electromagnetic spectrum, light, electromagnetic, 380, human eye, shorter wavelengths, colors, visible wavelengths, respond, portion, eyes, range, electromagnetic wave, infrared, inthe, longer wavelengths, various sources, violet, light specific, lower limit, shorter, refer, carry energy, light having, relatively little, visible range, frequencies wavelengths, better understanding, denotes, 15 shows, light spectrum, red, wavelengths visible, invisible, rainbow colors, retinal, water example, violet light, observes, uv light, tiny fraction, light emitted, figure 13, remained, obtaining] | Visible spectrum | visible, visible light, spectrum, visible spectrum, wavelengths, electromagnetic spectrum, light, electromagnetic, 380, human eye |
| 615 | 30 | 615_61___ | [61, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | 61 | 61, , , , , , , , , |
| 616 | 30 | 616_muon_earth bound_observer_example 28 | [muon, earth bound, observer, example 28, frame, moving relative, measured earth, clouds, bound, earth, sees, life time, relative, relative earth, moving observer, reference, moving, travel, rest relative, half life, cosmic ray, reference frame, measured, 28, lives, clock, relative observer, velocity relative, travels, long does, frame reference, cosmic, discussed example, 28 calculating, earth moving, half, lifetime, distances measured, measures, example given, distance points, decays, proper, decayed, earth velocity, time example, contracted, far does, distance earth, observes] | Frame | muon, earth bound, observer, example 28, frame, moving relative, measured earth, clouds, bound, earth |
| 617 | 29 | 617_clinical_trial_physician_medical | [clinical, trial, physician, medical, medical school, decisions, practices, professionals, decide, school, doctor, doctors, abnormalities, health, outcomes, specimens, patients, patient, graduate, consult, informed, specialization, legal, drugs, ensuring, diagnoses, cause death, publication, tissue blood, medication, lifestyle, enhancing, labs, treatment, follow, job, progression, usage, therapies, acceptable, trials, seeking, prevention, doesn, records, chances, disease, issues, illnesses, occasionally] | Clinical Trial | clinical, trial, physician, medical, medical school, decisions, practices, professionals, decide, school |
| 618 | 29 | 618_84_83__ | [84, 83, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Sure, the label for this topic is "84" or "83". | 84, 83, , , , , , , , |
| 619 | 29 | 619_sessile_stage_larval_larval stages | [sessile, stage, larval, larval stages, colonial, colony, bud, budding, larvae, asexual, stage life, reproduces, stages, trochophore, larval stage, jellyfish, life cycle, asexually, suitable, sexual, species, adapted, serves, development, produces gametes, adult, develops, tunicate, free floating, depending species, group called, aquatic species, adverse, form, female gametes, chordate, transforms, capturing, early development, species called, gametes, possessing, settle, share common, jellies, additional, gastrovascular cavity, worm, lasts, gastrovascular] | Asexual | sessile, stage, larval, larval stages, colonial, colony, bud, budding, larvae, asexual |
| 620 | 29 | 620_organ systems_organ_organs_tissues | [organ systems, organ, organs, tissues, systems, body organs, specialization, functions, specialized tissues, perform, combine form, specialized, function, exist, organized, specialized functions, working, combined form, notable, types tissue, oxygen body, collections, entire organism, kidney, different types, level organization, body structures, combine, specialize, body functions, supportive, circulatory, demand, delivering, organs body, functionally, explain role, main types, higher level, incredible, stomach, set point, organize, dermal, differentiated, cells tissues, specific, differentiation, carrying, tissue] | Organ Systems | organ systems, organ, organs, tissues, systems, body organs, specialization, functions, specialized tissues, perform |
| 621 | 29 | 621_sketch_draw sketch_draw_strategy | [sketch, draw sketch, draw, strategy, fitting, situation, using appropriate, draw diagram, make sure, hole, come stop, diagram, questions 16, puzzle, strategy given, round, helps, make, visualizing, recording, justify, appropriate, sure, square, toy, visualize, careful, drawing, don, thinking questions, asked, pieces, answers, useful, children, critical thinking, analyze, symbols, coordinate, thinking, showing, stop, problem, come, key, directions, provided, understand, critical, help] | Sketch | sketch, draw sketch, draw, strategy, fitting, situation, using appropriate, draw diagram, make sure, hole |
| 622 | 29 | 622_41_46_47_49 | [41, 46, 47, 49, 54, 44, 43, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Sure, the topic is about the digits 41, 46, 47, | 41, 46, 47, 49, 54, 44, 43, , , |
| 623 | 29 | 623_principles involved_physical principles_integrated_principles | [principles involved, physical principles, integrated, principles, concepts, integrated concepts, concept, involved, identify, physical, topics, problem, problem example, strategy solve, worked example, chapters, solve, skills, example illustrates, problems, statics, gasoline, illustrates, worked, apply, strategy, understand, 10 illustrates, appreciate, build, kinematics, step, need understand, deeply, pilot, 29 10, strategies, 116, technician, forces affect, motion gravitation, force newton, 1600, waste heat, example 18, power rate, qualitative, examine situation, applied, feeling] | Principles | principles involved, physical principles, integrated, principles, concepts, integrated concepts, concept, involved, identify, physical |
| 624 | 29 | 624_film_interference_light reflected_crest | [film, interference, light reflected, crest, path length, thickness, destructive, constructive, change angle, wavelength light, films, 27, length difference, integral, reflected, indices, interference pattern, interfere, surfaces, destructive interference, figure 27, wavelength, obtain destructive, crest crest, pattern, industrial applications, seen microscope, light reflects, 27 33, 33 shows, depends, crest trough, light color, ll, expose, various parts, half integral, various media, optical instruments, indices refraction, scott, zealand, refractive, new zealand, path, shift, colors, able discuss, broader, refraction] | Path length | film, interference, light reflected, crest, path length, thickness, destructive, constructive, change angle, wavelength light |
| 625 | 29 | 625_relativistic_velocity addition_relativistic velocity_velocities | [relativistic, velocity addition, relativistic velocity, velocities, addition, relativistic speeds, classical, moving relativistic, length contraction, 28, velocity, relativity, relative velocity, relative observer, speed light, contraction, greater speed, speeds, exceed, observer, relative, correct, add, daily life, observer relativistic, second postulate, speed, objects moving, isaac newton, isaac, signals travel, news, looked, moving, flickr chapter, nearly equal, speed figure, low velocities, airplanes, extremely small, spaceship, velocity speed, classically, formula, says, able calculate, consideration, symmetric, example illustrates, velocity object] | Relativistic Velocity Addition | relativistic, velocity addition, relativistic velocity, velocities, addition, relativistic speeds, classical, moving relativistic, length contraction, 28 |
| 626 | 29 | 626_probability_probabilities_rule_event | [probability, probabilities, rule, event, product, sum, events, word, apply, rule states, use word, occurring, outcomes, table 12, notice, occur, indicates, dividing, individual, description, theoretical, independent, suggests, summed, calculate probability, circumstance, possible outcomes, exclusive, occur equal, make use, clear, opportunities, penny, application, expected, mutually, sum individual, appropriate, likelihood, rolling, outcome, returning, times, calculated, basics, possibilities, multiplying, knowing, demonstrate, multiply] | Probability | probability, probabilities, rule, event, product, sum, events, word, apply, rule states |
| 627 | 29 | 627_harmless_systemic_allergic_immune | [harmless, systemic, allergic, immune, response, immune response, autoimmune, exposure, antibodies, immediate, individual dna, self antigens, foreign, poison, antigens, mimicry, pollen, acquired, mediated, figure 42, severe, symptoms, responses, develop, humoral immune, manifest, antigen, life threatening, inflammatory response, approximately percent, tuberculosis, contributor, individuals, mediates, reaction second, unnecessary, work mikael, watery, mikael häggström, mikael, lesions, asthma, foreign particles, häggström, threatening, shows example, certain types, mild, wheat, work nih] | Immune Response | harmless, systemic, allergic, immune, response, immune response, autoimmune, exposure, antibodies, immediate |
| 628 | 29 | 628_filaments_microfilaments_intermediate_actin | [filaments, microfilaments, intermediate, actin, cytoskeleton, microtubules, strands, cytoskeletal, fibrous, fibers, connect, filament, comprise, composed proteins, fibrous protein, runs length, protein, widest, create, proteins plasma, key components, types, compositions, adjacent cells, supportive, diverse group, globular, main types, figure 24, anchor, equator, bundle, plasma membrane, contractile, proteins, metaphase plate, inward, 24, figure 22, wound, bear, sheet, figure 23, pulled, carefully, collectively, inside cell, books biology, biology 2e, multimedia content] | Fibers | filaments, microfilaments, intermediate, actin, cytoskeleton, microtubules, strands, cytoskeletal, fibrous, fibers |
| 629 | 29 | 629_frequency wavelength_sound_speed sound_sound frequency | [frequency wavelength, sound, speed sound, sound frequency, longitudinal, sound wave, wavelength, sound waves, frequency, waves, wave, speed, wavelength given, wavelength frequency, fluids, shear, amplitude, propagation, higher speed, relationship, amplitude wave, larger area, given frequency, distance source, wavelength figure, energy wave, sheet paper, calculate speed, flickr, frequency sound, instances, 17 sound, 1500, medium, vibrating, source energy, 96, air water, periodic, appreciable, conceptual questions, sheet, transverse, hz, illustration, conceptual, 17, answer question, strength, applies] | Frequency | frequency wavelength, sound, speed sound, sound frequency, longitudinal, sound wave, wavelength, sound waves, frequency, waves |
| 630 | 29 | 630_pyramids_pyramid_ecological_upright | [pyramids, pyramid, ecological, upright, ecosystem, energy flow, inverted, biomass, modeling, stone, figure 46, trophic, depicting, 46, structure figure, construction, flow, ancient, diamond, blocks, depict, probably, models, egypt, 1920s, used energy, relative amounts, pioneering, parameters, structure, shaped, slightly different, ecosystems, oak, visualized, lifting, trees, levels, visualize, storing, charles, english, productivity, trophic level, springs, machines, vital, match, compare, organisms] | Pyramid | pyramids, pyramid, ecological, upright, ecosystem, energy flow, inverted, biomass, modeling, stone |
| 631 | 29 | 631_helium_liquid nitrogen_coolant_escape | [helium, liquid nitrogen, coolant, escape, liquid, costs, boiling point, 77, boiling, atmosphere, cheaper, temperature liquid, handle, cooling, low temperatures, boils, instant, superconducting, nitrogen, natural gas, liter, gravitational pull, substance known, welding, earth gravitational, achieving, materials, safer, high pressures, helium atom, earth gravity, speed greater, balloons, chemical processes, diffusing, 1000 times, temperature dependence, 11 calculating, escapes, boiling temperature, away earth, temperatures, possesses, traditional, inexpensive, nonzero, small number, freezes, bearing, used make] | Coolant | helium, liquid nitrogen, coolant, escape, liquid, costs, boiling point, 77, boiling, atmosphere |
| 632 | 29 | 632_apoptosis_trigger_damaged_repair | [apoptosis, trigger, damaged, repair, checkpoint, based fact, 10 16, inactivates, functional, encodes, marks, fail, mutated, abnormal, activates, cell cycle, degradation, binding, dna, lose ability, repaired, detected, functional protein, death apoptosis, dna figure, dna dna, specific enzymes, activity, duplication, higher levels, compromised, internal external, protein, tumor cells, programmed cell, severely, supply, cell, genomic dna, binds, mechanisms, triggered, think, multi, inhibitor, programmed, cancerous, cell death, accumulate, rb] | Repair | apoptosis, trigger, damaged, repair, checkpoint, based fact, 10 16, inactivates, functional, encodes |
| 633 | 29 | 633_carbonyl_carbon atom_carbonyl group_carboxylic | [carbonyl, carbon atom, carbonyl group, carboxylic, alcohols, aldehyde, carbon, oxygen atom, alcohol, group, carboxylic acids, atom, esters, bonded carbon, bonded, organic compound, carbon atoms, oh, organic, functional, oxidized, functional group, carboxylic acid, carbon hydrogen, attached, atom bonded, hydrogen atom, oxidation number, oh group, group carbon, compound containing, ester, attached carbon, oxidation, hydrogen atoms, functional groups, atom attached, containing carbon, hydrogen, bond, group attached, organic molecule, consisting, replaced, containing, organic molecules, oxygen, atoms, acids, double bond] | Carbonyl | carbonyl, carbon atom, carbonyl group, carboxylic, alcohols, aldehyde, carbon, oxygen atom, alcohol, group |
| 634 | 29 | 634_electrolytes_dissociate_ionic compounds_ionic | [electrolytes, dissociate, ionic compounds, ionic, electrolyte, dissolved, ions, dissolve, solvated, water molecules, ions dissolved, dissolve water, dissolution, compounds, physical chemical, dissolved water, ions solution, strong, complex ion, react water, surround, completely, substances, yield, constituent, dissociation, dispersed, water, ionic compound, attractions, compound, ion dipole, important class, solute, ion, important process, chapter solutions, polar regions, letting, substance known, fixed number, ions called, class compounds, compounds called, thorough, molecules polar, electrostatic, solution figure, disrupted, chemical process] | Electrolytes | electrolytes, dissociate, ionic compounds, ionic, electrolyte, dissolved, ions, dissolve, solvated, water molecules |
| 635 | 29 | 635_radioisotopes_radioactive_medical_nuclear physics | [radioisotopes, radioactive, medical, nuclear physics, radioactive isotopes, applications, medical applications, isotopes, radioactive substance, short half, medicine, radioisotope, used medical, relatively short, half lives, iodine 131, cobalt 60, 99, technetium, 131, lives, nuclear, iodine, used, cobalt, track, short, substance, physics, imaging, diverse, commercial applications, revolutionized, used nuclear, able list, compounds known, used medicine, medical diagnostic, substance called, diagnostic uses, body organs, biochemical reactions, administered, energy credit, emit radiation, credit national, compound called, radiopharmaceuticals, hundreds millions, 201] | Radioisotopes | radioisotopes, radioactive, medical, nuclear physics, radioactive isotopes, applications, medical applications, isotopes, radioactive substance, short half |
| 636 | 28 | 636_strategy_straightforward application_straightforward_using equation | [strategy, straightforward application, straightforward, using equation, asked, strategy given, strategy concept, solve problem, equation, solve, application, strategy problem, given expression, taking square, solution initial, convenient use, 27 33, quantities equation, strategy energy, right equation, solving problems, refer figure, strategy solve, know, quantities known, equation given, substituting given, inductive reactance, problem, given, given calculate, concept, solve unknown, initial position, gathering, square root, truly, unknown, expression, final position, strategy solution, given values, remarkable, given equation, rem, conservative forces, equation solve, energy given, inductive, use equation] | Strategy | strategy, straightforward application, straightforward, using equation, asked, strategy given, strategy concept, solve problem, equation, solve |
| 637 | 28 | 637_relativity_relativistic_special relativity_classical | [relativity, relativistic, special relativity, classical, modern relativity, special, speed light, implications, effects, low velocities, reaching, classical physics, experiences, speed, strong gravitational, modern, account, field near, speed speed, speed limit, positioning, taken account, implication, scope text, examine, everyday, greater speed, limit, limited, speeds, examine situation, situations, situation determine, highly, velocities, gravitational field, 03, violate, moving speed, astronomical, facts, saw, classically, realize, little, meant, real world, encounter, scope, travel] | Special Relativity | relativity, relativistic, special relativity, classical, modern relativity, special, speed light, implications, effects, low velocities |
| 638 | 28 | 638_premise_inconsistent_unreasonable_wrong | [premise, inconsistent, unreasonable, wrong, available, 67, problems, orbit, 00, equation, certain, results, explain, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Unsuitable premise | premise, inconsistent, unreasonable, wrong, available, 67, problems, orbit, 00, equation |
| 639 | 28 | 639_solution solution_solution given_knowns_solution | [solution solution, solution given, knowns, solution, list, solution identify, example 23, identify knowns, problem, fourth, discussion small, definitely, example using, suggestion, solve example, 10 example, given discussion, given solution, particularly useful, solution problem, values expression, 23 11, given, 23 10, given information, solution entering, finite, yields discussion, problems exercises, solve, entering known, exercises, discussion, constants, expression, false, identify, problem solving, needs, particularly, known values, 23, values, enter, entering, efficiency, problems, requires, section, yields] | Solution | solution solution, solution given, knowns, solution, list, solution identify, example 23, identify knowns, problem, fourth |
| 640 | 28 | 640_field uniform_uniform_uniform electric_field strength | [field uniform, uniform, uniform electric, field strength, strength, electric field, field, electric, field field, maximum electric, near, electric magnetic, given distance, told, magnitude electric, field point, entering values, direction field, special case, scalar quantity, field inside, point space, conductor, field created, strongest, scalar, edges, values equation, assume, equation gives, created, possibility, gives discussion, resulting, region, note, interior, technology, locations, directly proportional, inside, maximum, magnetic, magnetic field, magnetic fields, magnitude direction, interesting, creates, magnitude, today] | Field Strength | field uniform, uniform, uniform electric, field strength, strength, electric field, field, electric, field field, maximum electric |
| 641 | 28 | 641_flickr_credit_commons credit_credit jon | [flickr, credit, commons credit, credit jon, credit john, wikimedia commons, wikimedia, commons, et al, et, jon, john, flickr credit, al, inset, myriam feldman, myriam, feldman, linda, 2002, jason, www, au, com, sullivan, jon sullivan, ma, public, lt, 64, 59, neon, 51, domain, old, 47, http, 43, org, 22, credit modification, 13, 21, modification work, modification, work, , , , ] | Commons credit | flickr, credit, commons credit, credit jon, credit john, wikimedia commons, wikimedia, commons, et al, et |
| 642 | 28 | 642_lung_alveoli_trachea_sacs | [lung, alveoli, trachea, sacs, reserve, respiratory, ventilation, pharynx, inhalation, ducts, sac, capacity, air, duct, larynx, lungs, nasal cavity, hemoglobin, forced, nasal, lacks, tidal, residual, volume, throat, figure 39, maximal, airways, gas exchange, veins, cavity, space, exhalation, terminal, anatomical, partial pressure, carbonic, 20 30, inspiration, lung tissue, vital, region, tissue layers, disease disease, dead, proper, particulate matter, measurement, red blood, physiological] | Alveoli | lung, alveoli, trachea, sacs, reserve, respiratory, ventilation, pharynx, inhalation, ducts |
| 643 | 28 | 643_land plants_land_plants_archaeplastida | [land plants, land, plants, archaeplastida, monophyletic, plantae, common ancestor, dna analysis, closest, relatives, descendants, ancestor, green algae, seedless, kingdom, analysis, jerry, kirkhart, parallels, jerry kirkhart, inclusion, major difference, probably, 25, single common, excludes, representative, group called, monophyletic group, common, supportive, reproductive strategies, new information, comparative, distinguishing, superficially, mystery, straight lines, incredible, florida, seedless plants, precursors, algae, features, alga, sharing, algal, solely, arises, plant life] | Archaeplastida | land plants, land, plants, archaeplastida, monophyletic, plantae, common ancestor, dna analysis, closest, relatives |
| 644 | 28 | 644_anaerobic_respiration_aerobic respiration_aerobic | [anaerobic, respiration, aerobic respiration, aerobic, oxygen, fermentation, organisms convert, prokaryotes, presence oxygen, convert energy, metabolism, absence, grow, energy use, bacteria archaea, survive, billion years, atmosphere, archaea, early life, oxygen available, living things, billion, earth nearly, anaerobically, organisms require, relied, use oxygen, species bacteria, organisms, nitrogen cycles, clostridium, diplomonads, lacked, parabasalids, significant amounts, living, molecular oxygen, byproduct, perform, life forms, evidence suggests, environments, disrupt, eukaryotes, metabolic, cattle, reside, underwater, rice] | Anaerobic respiration | anaerobic, respiration, aerobic respiration, aerobic, oxygen, fermentation, organisms convert, prokaryotes, presence oxygen, convert energy |
| 645 | 28 | 645_59___ | [59, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | 59 | 59, , , , , , , , , |
| 646 | 28 | 646_speed light_vacuum_speed_light | [speed light, vacuum, speed, light, light travels, light speed, distance light, accuracy, travels, defined distance, motion source, speed relative, meter, independent, observer, physicists, value, relative observer, accepted, demonstrated, fundamental constants, someday, experiment, fundamental, 25 11, used today, microscopic, accepted value, determine speed, slightly larger, great precision, second postulate, travels distance, change speed, aided, substructure matter, entering values, example 28, electricity magnetism, values expression, approximate value, misconception alert, today, alert, travel speed, american physicist, spaceship, implied, expression gives, beam light] | Speed of Light | speed light, vacuum, speed, light, light travels, light speed, distance light, accuracy, travels, defined distance |
| 647 | 28 | 647_amplitude_intensity_energy wave_wave | [amplitude, intensity, energy wave, wave, squared, 16 11, waves, individual waves, unit area, energy directly, carry energy, carried, proportional, multiplied distance, longer wavelengths, times great, directly proportional, pertinent, energy proportional, distance consecutive, 10 superposition, amplitude wave, 17 16, unit, intensity light, candle, whichever, 16, force multiplied, pages 16, scientists determine, related, transit, consecutive, energy depends, energy carried, shorter wavelengths, types waves, determine energy, 16 10, violate, power, energy, navy, versions, crest, luminous, carry, able calculate, oscillates] | Amplitude | amplitude, intensity, energy wave, wave, squared, 16 11, waves, individual waves, unit area, energy directly |
| 648 | 28 | 648_frequency_frequencies_played_musical | [frequency, frequencies, played, musical, receive, emitting, fine tune, 12 000, tune, directly away, 220, spots, message, swing, high frequency, fine, typical, instrument, returns, beat, incoming, received, sound waves, flies, foods, 49, speed sound, vacuum, string, channels, sound, middle, plane, 37, fundamental, approximately, hot, interference, 000, lines, away, effects, individual, smaller, function, directly, present, source, waves, 12] | Frequency | frequency, frequencies, played, musical, receive, emitting, fine tune, 12 000, tune, directly away |
| 649 | 28 | 649_car_calculate force_passenger_car moving | [car, calculate force, passenger, car moving, truck, bring, exerts, professional application, boat, average force, professional, force backward, compresses, halt, air resistance, stopped, calculate average, applied force, stop, force, calculate, constant speed, application, pushes, stops, backward, resisting, mud, resists, speed calculate, kg, constant appropriate, based experimental, come stop, calculate minimum, plus, 1800, moving constant, following question, car mass, acceleration car, appropriate units, 1900, greater pressure, average, acceleration, exert, moving, force exerted, rest] | Force Applied | car, calculate force, passenger, car moving, truck, bring, exerts, professional application, boat, average force |
| 650 | 28 | 650_58___ | [58, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | 58 | 58, , , , , , , , , |
| 651 | 28 | 651_carrier particles_carrier_particles_yukawa | [carrier particles, carrier, particles, yukawa, predicted, particle, weak force, 2012, exchange, transmitted, nuclear force, particles called, existence, ultimate, carriers, table 33, weak, strong nuclear, elementary, anticipated, characteristics including, conjectured, observed, elementary particles, 50 years, massive particle, certain circumstances, 2013, particles observed, chargeless, proposed, forces involved, super, important characteristic, gauge, discovery, peter, certainty, news, seen table, force, does imply, intriguing, hope, transmitting, guts, fundamental particles, similarity, certainly, proposal] | Weak force exchange | carrier particles, carrier, particles, yukawa, predicted, particle, weak force, 2012, exchange, transmitted |
| 652 | 28 | 652_fermentation_alcohol_yeast_beer | [fermentation, alcohol, yeast, beer, ethanol, juice, wine, sugars, nasa, acidity, acid, bacteria, derived, sugar, production, providing, cases, milk, 21 percent, provide additional, propanol, spoil, catalog, pyruvic, pyruvic acid, conditions figure, coenzyme, pathogenic bacteria, does result, ingredients, malt, purified, metabolic reactions, distilled, vent, societies, byproduct, distillation, participate, dehydrogenase, tolerance, work nasa, reaction water, method used, metabolic, cheese, does contain, accounts, large quantities, kills] | Fermentation | fermentation, alcohol, yeast, beer, ethanol, juice, wine, sugars, nasa, acidity |
| 653 | 28 | 653_mri_magnetic resonance_imaging_resonance imaging | [mri, magnetic resonance, imaging, resonance imaging, resonance, diagnostic, magnetic, images, tool, detailed, medical imaging, medical diagnostic, radio waves, medical, threedimensional, resonate, used medical, tumors, patient, tools, radio, rays, magnets, nuclear, 30 minutes, external field, close body, research development, supplement, past decades, mri unit, applied magnetic, fundamentals, 50 years, analytical tool, called magnetic, used supply, types tissue, use word, waves used, atomic nuclei, disadvantage, provide information, implication, certain types, magnetic properties, practices, highly, injuries, externally] | MRI | mri, magnetic resonance, imaging, resonance imaging, resonance, diagnostic, magnetic, images, tool, detailed |
| 654 | 28 | 654_consider following_following example_example consider_consider | [consider following, following example, example consider, consider, situation, example, example simple, examples, point example, common example, examples illustrate, answer questions, let, following, consider example, answer following, example illustrates, outcome, answer example, father, scenario, answer, running, try, explain answer, assumption, details, illustrate, illustrates, follow, helps, text, concept, specific, common, support, questions, true, provide, involved, place, case, simple, explain, end, point, , , , ] | Consider | consider following, following example, example consider, consider, situation, example, example simple, examples, point example, common example |
| 655 | 28 | 655_vinegar_acetic acid_acetic_odor | [vinegar, acetic acid, acetic, odor, acid water, acid, taste, sour, distilled, weak acid, acid weak, juice, carboxylic, carbonate, determination, white, potassium, 15 solution, solute, ended, weak, antacid, greater weight, concentration substance, molar concentrations, solution example, pocket, water example, concentration solute, acid figure, suffer, water density, carboxylic acid, painful, carboxylic acids, good example, esters, mass solution, volume solution, formula, figure 14, bringing, buffers, figure 15, certainly, apple, constitutes, feels, ingredient, solution contains] | Vinegar | vinegar, acetic acid, acetic, odor, acid water, acid, taste, sour, distilled, weak acid |
| 656 | 28 | 656_52___ | [52, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | 52 | 52, , , , , , , , , |
| 657 | 27 | 657_volt_ev_volts_potential difference | [volt, ev, volts, potential difference, energy electron, electron, energy ev, submicroscopic, accelerated, energy unit, potential, energy given, convenient, electron energy, difference, electrical potential, ev energy, electrons energy, unit called, potential energy, electric potential, binding energies, equation form, energy sum, wire, 100 000, kinetic energy, energy, energy converted, stops, energies, kinetic, plate, given potential, convenient unit, energies energy, fundamental, voltage, does increase, increase kinetic, converting energy, used nuclear, unit, energy number, large large, atomic scale, given, electron charge, determined measuring, accelerating voltage] | Potential difference | volt, ev, volts, potential difference, energy electron, electron, energy ev, submicroscopic, accelerated, energy unit |
| 658 | 27 | 658_hooke law_hooke_deformation_stress strain | [hooke law, hooke, deformation, stress strain, strain, stress, law, proportionality constant, proportionality, applied force, force displacement, restoring, elasticity, revisited, change length, restoring force, direction force, hook, shows graph, deformations, force, springs, 16, graph, displacement, analogous, versus, law motion, equation form, applied, newton law, composition, spring, figure 16, straight line, law simple, obeys, opposite signs, relationship force, straight, form equation, depends, questions 16, changes volume, force small, law calculate, absolute value, versus distance, pages 16, force figure] | Hooke Law | hooke law, hooke, deformation, stress strain, strain, stress, law, proportionality constant, proportionality, applied force |
| 659 | 27 | 659_drag_drag force_proportional square_coefficient | [drag, drag force, proportional square, coefficient, using equation, dramatically, proportional, square, table lists, credit army, velocity does, forces learning, medium air, crisis, dimensionless, velocity using, large objects, constant mass, force, density air, force large, speeds, army, quadratic, 1970s, velocity, terminal, mathematically, answer example, equal weight, behaves, presents, trying, denser, typical, filters, force equal, credit nasa, successive, lists, relatively small, assume, air, exerts force, thrust, physics 2e, college physics, books college, magnitudes, object] | Drag | drag, drag force, proportional square, coefficient, using equation, dramatically, proportional, square, table lists, credit army |
| 660 | 27 | 660_lipids_cholesterol_phospholipids_steroid | [lipids, cholesterol, phospholipids, steroid, steroids, hydrophobic, lipid, phospholipid, waxes, fats oils, major types, membrane cells, lipids proteins, fats, plasma, oils, plasma membrane, functions, membrane, plants animals, nature, nonpolar, hydrophobic nature, rafts, presence water, different functions, alongside, situated, drugs, viruses bacteria, ring structure, diverse group, exposing, transmembrane, animals figure, various substances, hydrocarbon chains, basic structure, aggregate, explain role, phospholipid bilayer, organizing, helps, maintain, class, perspective, substances, waxy, precursor, components] | Lipids | lipids, cholesterol, phospholipids, steroid, steroids, hydrophobic, lipid, phospholipid, waxes, fats oils |
| 661 | 27 | 661_53_48_56_52 | [53, 48, 56, 52, 55, 58, 62, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | **53, 48, 5 | 53, 48, 56, 52, 55, 58, 62, , , |
| 662 | 27 | 662_gravitational potential_potential energy_gravitational_potential | [gravitational potential, potential energy, gravitational, potential, energy object, height, pyramid, generators, center mass, raised, object, energy, earth surface, drop pressure, position, mass center, relative position, note units, stored, earth, decrease pressure, position relative, gain, calculate kinetic, surface point, energy using, descends, force gravitational, earth gravitational, work figure, lake, vertical position, arbitrary, energy depends, relative ground, energy difference, hung, broadly applicable, mass earth, calculations, accompanied, significance, denote, lifting, relative, change, broadly, gained, simplify, task] | Gravitational Potential | gravitational potential, potential energy, gravitational, potential, energy object, height, pyramid, generators, center mass, raised |
| 663 | 27 | 663_step step_step_suspect_runner | [step step, step, suspect, runner, exergonic, irreversible, assumptions, highly, use, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Step | step step, step, suspect, runner, exergonic, irreversible, assumptions, highly, use, |
| 664 | 27 | 664_radon_lung cancer_buildings_exposure | [radon, lung cancer, buildings, exposure, houses, radium, homes, lung, foundations, cancer, hazardous, dangerous, soils, dials, levels high, doped, speculated, smoking, low level, daughters, natural sources, 1932, levels, indoor, cracks, recent studies, studies indicate, pipes, granite, world, recommended, accumulates, argued, soil, uranium 238, 34 figure, higher levels, comes, slowly, 1950s, especially, 20 percent, 20 000, radiation exposure, escapes, gas, world war, pronounced, realized, porous] | Radon exposure in buildings | radon, lung cancer, buildings, exposure, houses, radium, homes, lung, foundations, cancer |
| 665 | 27 | 665_gravitational_waves_detectors_mass sun | [gravitational, waves, detectors, mass sun, times mass, massive, detector, general relativity, black holes, observatory, space, laser, pond, facility, holes, supernova, wave, predicted, vibrations, relativity, direct, detect, black, detection, observation, waves moving, mass created, direct observation, detected, measure relative, peak power, 50 times, 1993, sun, times, supernovas, waves figure, nasa esa, provide information, explosions, weakest, figure 34, esa, arising, provide, passing, waves travel, general, washington, dozen] | Gravitational Waves | gravitational, waves, detectors, mass sun, times mass, massive, detector, general relativity, black holes, observatory |
| 666 | 27 | 666_yield_theoretical_percent_limiting reactant | [yield, theoretical, percent, limiting reactant, limiting, product, reaction yields, specified conditions, reaction, actual, calculate percent, yields, reaction produces, stoichiometry, reactant, isolated, balanced chemical, chemical equation, specified, sulfate, obtained, extent, calculation percent, given chemical, expressed, compound following, yield number, copper, gas example, credit jon, reaction answer, theoretically, ethyl acetate, stoichiometry reaction, representing reaction, chemical process, purified, generated, determined experimentally, predicted, process produces, equation representing, 2006, mt, balanced, jon, identifies, appropriate, molar amounts, according equation] | Yield | yield, theoretical, percent, limiting reactant, limiting, product, reaction yields, specified conditions, reaction, actual |
| 667 | 27 | 667_seed plants_seed_seeds_plants | [seed plants, seed, seeds, plants, embryo, coat, societies, dominate, food reserves, human life, reserves, landscape, grown, human, complex carbohydrates, integral, food, human societies, human diet, day day, delicate, evolutionary advantages, used large, 260, human populations, group plants, served, reproductive strategies, play, contribution, evolutionary advantage, diets, cloth, carbohydrates lipids, fibers, mention, cotton, germinates, plants figure, humans animals, figure 26, life, life forms, shelter, source, traditionally, harvested, disappearance, food source, exclusively] | Seeds | seed plants, seed, seeds, plants, embryo, coat, societies, dominate, food reserves, human life |
| 668 | 27 | 668_step step_step_steps_tenth | [step step, step, steps, tenth, following steps, step process, columns, replace, consists, weight, using, process, following, 10, used, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Steps | step step, step, steps, tenth, following steps, step process, columns, replace, consists, weight |
| 669 | 27 | 669_inductor_low frequency_reactance_capacitor | [inductor, low frequency, reactance, capacitor, filter, frequency, resonant, pf, high frequency, resonant frequency, 52, capacitors, inductors, frequencies, low, low frequencies, impede, dominates, figure 23, oscillates, acts, radiates, dominated, noise, ranging, 23, like simple, circuits, rapid change, different frequencies, similarly discussion, capacitance, things consider, power lines, large current, assumes, reacts, resonant frequencies, integrated concepts, circuit, high frequencies, acceptable, higher frequency, needed produce, 00, needed, totally, high, integrated, 81] | Reactance | inductor, low frequency, reactance, capacitor, filter, frequency, resonant, pf, high frequency, resonant frequency |
| 670 | 27 | 670_offspring_parents_inherited_traits | [offspring, parents, inherited, traits, parent offspring, deleterious, blend, characteristics, genes, variation, phenotypes, parent, genetics, parental, exhibit characteristics, undesirable, genes genes, species specific, identical parent, mutations, detach, species animals, related individuals, learn, asymmetry, reproduce, allele, reproduce sexually, early development, unique, impacts, risks, individuals species, assemble, fecundity, bringing, meant, maternal, carry, abnormalities, produce offspring, resembles, genetic diversity, size shape, combination, families, figure 12, ensures, regard, resemble] | Offspring | offspring, parents, inherited, traits, parent offspring, deleterious, blend, characteristics, genes, variation |
| 671 | 27 | 671_eye_cornea_adjusts_lens | [eye, cornea, adjusts, lens, light coming, 26 shows, retina, coming, shows basic, does tell, light, 25 11, low light, entering eye, relaxes, focus, changing direction, alessandro, dilate, light entering, conspicuous, image retina, good approximation, figure 26, given energy, discussed chapter, deposit, elongated, example 25, device used, fitting, room, ambient, lying, reduce, diagram figure, real image, 26, lens eye, layers, interface, contracts, aberrations, image formation, projection, transparent, aperture, conceptual questions, limitations, brightness] | Eye | eye, cornea, adjusts, lens, light coming, 26 shows, retina, coming, shows basic, does tell |
| 672 | 27 | 672_circulatory_hemocoel_circulatory systems_open | [circulatory, hemocoel, circulatory systems, open, closed, mollusks, vertebrates, vessels, circulation, vertebrate, blood, blood vessels, systems, crustaceans, blood circulation, invertebrates, figure 40, cavity, hemolymph, arthropods, rest body, interstitial fluid, heart, differences, pumped, interstitial, evolution, animals, 40, anatomy, dorsal, gills, organization, respiratory structures, different animals, body types, major body, reptiles mammals, vessel, hearts, arthropods mollusks, evolved, alimentary canal, nci nih, time simple, lobsters, body, fish amphibians, contained, alimentary] | Circulatory Systems | circulatory, hemocoel, circulatory systems, open, closed, mollusks, vertebrates, vessels, circulation, vertebrate |
| 673 | 27 | 673_phet explorations_explorations_phet_position velocity | [phet explorations, explorations, phet, position velocity, velocity acceleration, learn, vectors, forces work, position, try, exploration, simulation, playing, join, push, ramp, setting, point charges, john, explore, monitor, equipotential lines, neuron, revolution, rotational motion, acceleration, equipotential, lab, motion, stimulate, voltages, initial conditions, useful visualizing, gravitational forces, play, realistic, space station, charges, forces, cannon, velocity, happens, visualizing, electric field, game, blast, investigate, objects, discs, rotational] | Position Velocity Acceleration | phet explorations, explorations, phet, position velocity, velocity acceleration, learn, vectors, forces work, position, try |
| 674 | 27 | 674_pound_pounds_bag_bags | [pound, pounds, bag, bags, rice, weights, feels, 20, 20 percent, weight, 20 40, 10 percent, lb, difference, differentiate, percent, hypothesis, larger, easy, multiplied distance, increment, expected value, note units, 20 24, unit mass, total weight, units mass, mass multiplied, method connection, proportionally, united, smallest, detectable, bathroom scale, plus sign, weigh, kilometer, group, error, units used, demonstration, month, step, weighing, bathroom, systematic, detects, tested, reads, metric] | Weight | pound, pounds, bag, bags, rice, weights, feels, 20, 20 percent, weight |
| 675 | 27 | 675_average pressure_depth_reservoir_water average | [average pressure, depth, reservoir, water average, force exerted, weight, increasing pressure, withstand, density water, china, small compared, exerted, increasing, average, force, water held, solution average, figure 11, calculating average, following sections, force depends, water increases, force small, area contact, given density, water, retaining, force given, water table, million people, retains, force large, 11, supply, pressure weight, rectangular, water calculate, 11 calculating, 12 shows, large small, pressure figure, pressure, projects, total force, weight fluid, happened, figure 12, balance, creation, mass water] | Average Pressure | average pressure, depth, reservoir, water average, force exerted, weight, increasing pressure, withstand, density water, china |
| 676 | 27 | 676_44___ | [44, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | 44 | 44, , , , , , , , , |
| 677 | 27 | 677_loudness_intensity_db_hz | [loudness, intensity, db, hz, sound intensity, sound, 60, level, 70, sounds, hearing, curve, squared, watts, numerically, grid, curves, 80, uncertainties, 40, threshold, meter, lies, having, 51, 000 hz, 8000, used express, 1000, persons, unit called, frequency, halfway, difficulties, represents, solution identify, painful, 5000, sound frequency, 3000, versus, normal, perceived, 4000, square, example 17, locate, extracted, damaging, 600] | Loudness | loudness, intensity, db, hz, sound intensity, sound, 60, level, 70, sounds |
| 678 | 27 | 678_pole_cg_hands_right hand | [pole, cg, hands, right hand, hand, holds, holding, halfway, horizontally, weight, left hand, support weight, center gravity, left, right, figure 20, shoot, exerts, reverses direction, clockwise torque, mass figure, counters, apart, held, closer, exactly analogous, reverses, figure 18, near end, 900, force exerts, long distance, bends, equal, situation, total force, perpendicular lever, emerges, equal weight, lever arm, solving strategy, counterclockwise, exerted, figure 19, torque, force equal, 20, support, direction force, clockwise] | Pole | pole, cg, hands, right hand, hand, holds, holding, halfway, horizontally, weight |
| 679 | 26 | 679_capacitor_voltage capacitor_discharging_resistor | [capacitor, voltage capacitor, discharging, resistor, charging, voltage, uncharged, exponential, figure 21, time constant, discharge, calculus, initially, using calculus, resistor circuit, pf, discharged, series resistor, long does, 21, conjunction, circuit figure, voltage source, time required, emf, 38, time, exact, starting, dc, rises, circuit, 37, constants, voltage decreases, natural logarithm, 632, constant figure, schematically figure, hallmark, derived using, shown schematically, final value, calculate time, voltage resistance, exponentially, source voltage, long, capacitor voltage, applied capacitor] | Charging capacitor | capacitor, voltage capacitor, discharging, resistor, charging, voltage, uncharged, exponential, figure 21, time constant |
| 680 | 26 | 680_sulfur_sulfur atom_rings_chains | [sulfur, sulfur atom, rings, chains, membered, molecule molecule, sulfuric acid, hybridization, sulfuric, lewis structure, resonance, lone pair, single bonds, bonding pairs, hexafluoride, neighbors, lewis, helical, regions electron, resonance forms, enveloped, molecular structure, bonded, figure 18, image shows, naked, pairs electrons, lone, ring, sulfur dioxide, atom, oxygen atoms, sulfate, bonds, pair, structure, electron density, base figure, contains nitrogen, series reactions, membered rings, atoms lone, bond molecule, atoms, oh groups, bonded oxygen, predict molecular, stable form, adopt, form single] | Rings | sulfur, sulfur atom, rings, chains, membered, molecule molecule, sulfuric acid, hybridization, sulfuric, lewis structure |
| 681 | 26 | 681_clotting_blood vessel_wound_vessel | [clotting, blood vessel, wound, vessel, blood, coagulation, plug, factor, blood clotting, damaged, figure 40, site, adhere, transporting, factors, water soluble, fragments, loss, activates, cells called, contents, soluble, prevent, attracted, 2000 3000, constricting, protein, cause change, thousands, 400 000, factor binds, series steps, 40, bleeding, wounds, cells lining, millimeter, participate, fighting, blood serum, conjunction, blood cells, converge, cells blood, 3000, protein called, initiates, forming, injury, lasts] | Clotting | clotting, blood vessel, wound, vessel, blood, coagulation, plug, factor, blood clotting, damaged |
| 682 | 26 | 682_friction_friction force_force friction_thermal energy | [friction, friction force, force friction, thermal energy, package, kinetic energy, work, energy kinetic, kinetic, mechanical energy, nonconservative, energy strategy, energy removed, removes, stops, force displacement, thermal, initial kinetic, distance traveled, work force, total work, player, mechanical, traveled, pushing, does work, person, removed, energy work, energy, force, energy completely, sin, minus, expends, motion friction, work energy, face, equating, expressed equation, energy moving, starting ending, plus, ending points, depends path, terms energy, energy thermal, work net, energy zero, energy forms] | Friction | friction, friction force, force friction, thermal energy, package, kinetic energy, work, energy kinetic, kinetic, mechanical energy |
| 683 | 26 | 683_titanium_aluminum_al_alkaline | [titanium, aluminum, al, alkaline, metals group, ba, sr, react water, atoms element, water form, iv, ca, oxygen atoms, cation, ionic compound, react, properties common, element oxygen, metals, chlorine cl, undesirable, lets, sodium na, solutions, ion example, silicates, metals oxides, zinc, tin iv, react form, oxides, good conductors, change color, gemstone, oxygen, heat electricity, mn, compound, members group, active metals, ti, zn, compound containing, form ionic, molybdenum, sulfates, metal, group, magnesium, constituents] | Chemical Reactions | titanium, aluminum, al, alkaline, metals group, ba, sr, react water, atoms element, water form |
| 684 | 26 | 684_process process_process_axon hillock_hillock | [process process, process, axon hillock, hillock, process called, disassemble, reform, aufbau principle, automated, persons, safer, aufbau, cheaper, disaster, mystery, consuming, chances, lay, happened, german, completed, minor, requiring, possibilities, machines, confirm, considerable, currently, procedure, consequences, bulk, severe, accurately, axon, impossible, word, subsequent, practice, build, technology, continuous, figure 35, occurred, hours, designed, led, processes, rapid, readily, quite] | Process | process process, process, axon hillock, hillock, process called, disassemble, reform, aufbau principle, automated, persons |
| 685 | 26 | 685_power rate_power_rate energy_electric power | [power rate, power, rate energy, electric power, power energy, power time, expressions, electric, rating, energy supplied, rate, energy used, energy transferred, watts, making connections, device, supplied, current note, given power, measuring time, work energy, consumption, rate watts, energy expended, completely different, note equation, power watts, means large, equation valid, recognizing, expended, energy conversion, convenience, scientific definition, 20 electric, power consumption, home investigation, transferred, connections, climb, motors, work work, data table, able calculate, energy power, connections home, calculate power, explain terms, short time, electrical power] | Power rate | power rate, power, rate energy, electric power, power energy, power time, expressions, electric, rating, energy supplied |
| 686 | 26 | 686_energy level_level diagram_diagram_energy flow | [energy level, level diagram, diagram, energy flow, energy levels, figure 30, diagram showing, energy increases, level, energy states, diagram figure, vertically, energy, lower energy, transition, energy change, labeled, states energy, 30 34, 30, section chapter, data example, useful visualizing, smaller smaller, lowest, showing, used energy, excited states, corresponding, 17 shows, ruby, energy greater, 34 figure, plots, shown figure, 19 shows, considers, lowest energy, launch, positive value, difference energy, use data, visualizing, horizontal axis, draw, linearly, figure 14, previous section, states, plotted] | Energy Level | energy level, level diagram, diagram, energy flow, energy levels, figure 30, diagram showing, energy increases, level, energy states |
| 687 | 26 | 687_dna polymerase_polymerase_pol_dna pol | [dna polymerase, polymerase, pol, dna pol, dna, nucleotides, strand, rna, complementary, template, synthesizes, adds, synthesis, dna nucleotides, enzyme, dna template, add, initiate, newly, dna replication, replication, extended, synthesized, 20 30, ve learned, iii, antiparallel, added base, dna fragment, methylated, short, growing, displaces, ve, players, newly synthesized, genomic dna, dna sequencing, adding, appropriately, withstand, gaps, single stranded, stranded dna, required, accessory, fills, sequence, fragment, mix] | DNA Polymerase | dna polymerase, polymerase, pol, dna pol, dna, nucleotides, strand, rna, complementary, template |
| 688 | 26 | 688_charges_total charge_charge_charge point | [charges, total charge, charge, charge point, previous exercise, repeat previous, point charges, repeat, remain stationary, transfer charge, apart, bare, exercise, balloons, situations, halves, created destroyed, tiny fraction, charge charge, discussing, deflected, previous, unaffected, pointing, separated, free charges, total, uncharged, facilitate, indication, placed, existing, opposite directions, destroy, positive, wish, destroyed, split, noting, indicating, positive negative, involved, course, locations, moved, negative charge, positive charge, store, manner, isolated] | Charge Transfer | charges, total charge, charge, charge point, previous exercise, repeat previous, point charges, repeat, remain stationary, transfer charge |
| 689 | 26 | 689_isolation_reproductive_reproduce_species reproduce | [isolation, reproductive, reproduce, species reproduce, eagle, reproduction, breeding, mate, species, closely related, ancestral species, able reproduce, isolated, unfavorable, presence absence, related organisms, multiple, variety ways, seasons, females, artificially, fertilize, closely, related species, partner, pregnant, african, reproductive structures, maturity, inability, repeatedly, biotic, enabling, diverge, act, rounds, mates, introduce, successfully, keeps, behavioral, months, season, unable, scenario, new species, temporal, environmental conditions, barriers, isolate] | Isolation | isolation, reproductive, reproduce, species reproduce, eagle, reproduction, breeding, mate, species, closely related |
| 690 | 26 | 690_answer yes_happens_yes_happened | [answer yes, happens, yes, happened, answer, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | Sure, the topic is about something that happens. | answer yes, happens, yes, happened, answer, , , , , |
| 691 | 26 | 691_60_rev_32_ | [60, rev, 32, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | 60 rev 32 | 60, rev, 32, , , , , , , |
| 692 | 26 | 692_54___ | [54, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | 54 | 54, , , , , , , , , |
| 693 | 26 | 693_node_depolarization_ventricles_pacemaker | [node, depolarization, ventricles, pacemaker, heart, sa, cardiac, contract, pulse, right, electrical signals, spreading, cardiac muscle, 20 30, followed, electrical, located near, muscle cells, impulse, beating, bundle, wave, contraction, excitation, generated, signal, contractions, beats, pump, internal, contract relax, signals, reaches, graphic, major features, pause, wall, starts, electrical impulses, septum, help regulate, located, implant, fibers, outer surface, finally, heartbeat, initiated, relax, blood lungs] | Ventricles | node, depolarization, ventricles, pacemaker, heart, sa, cardiac, contract, pulse, right |
| 694 | 26 | 694_genes_animal development_animal_antennae | [genes, animal development, animal, antennae, development, animal body, animal kingdom, mouse, genes encoding, gene, transcription factors, body plans, kingdom, segments, encoding, plans, sequences, morphological, clusters, vertebrates, mice, control, alter, complexity, sets, figure 27, early nineteenth, body types, sequences called, simple complex, morphologies, century scientists, embryonic, legs, undergone, humans figure, transcriptional control, contain dna, genes determine, replaced, master, transcription, opportunities, homology, duplication, ctenophora, chordate, sequenced, body, homologous] | Gene expression | genes, animal development, animal, antennae, development, animal body, animal kingdom, mouse, genes encoding, gene |
| 695 | 26 | 695_ice_player_catches_goal | [ice, player, catches, goal, originally rest, stick, initially rest, shot, frictionless, turned, hit, conservation momentum, accelerates, rest, final velocity, recoils, backward, originally, kg, short distance, forces applied, velocity, flat, calculate distance, frictionless surface, final velocities, long distances, far does, initially, final, lying, investigate, velocity direction, time takes, collision, motionless, equal opposite, slowing, suppose, slides, combines, air, moving, hits, shoot, recoil, collide, slows, came, frame reference] | Shot | ice, player, catches, goal, originally rest, stick, initially rest, shot, frictionless, turned |
| 696 | 26 | 696_56___ | [56, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | 56 | 56, , , , , , , , , |
| 697 | 26 | 697_barrier_quantum mechanical_probability finding_probability | [barrier, quantum mechanical, probability finding, probability, mechanical, quantum, finding, smoothly, extremely sensitive, exponentially, particle, penetration, outside, sensitive, function, wave, fusion, important process, effect occurs, inside, produce high, energy higher, owing fact, outside nucleus, increases rate, practical applications, mechanically, reaction occur, owing, increasing temperature, porous, extremely, roll, finite, decreases, trapped, indicator, width, likely, energetic, exponential, 31, practice, practical, representing, thickness, touch, implies, process called, shorter] | Barrier | barrier, quantum mechanical, probability finding, probability, mechanical, quantum, finding, smoothly, extremely sensitive, exponentially |
| 698 | 26 | 698_latent heat_temperature change_latent_heat | [latent heat, temperature change, latent, heat, specific heat, heat heat, substance, mass substance, heat capacity, change temperature, transferred, different substances, depends, heat transfer, change, change mass, phase, temperature, degree celsius, capacity, specific, transfer, heat transferred, phase change, celsius, absorbs, vaporization, degree, necessary change, substance change, produces different, heat mass, substance temperature, substance object, releases, depends substance, owing fact, mass given, 14 heat, determined experimentally, temperature substance, proportional mass, change phase, intensive property, heat vaporization, transfer hot, selecting, owing, explain difference, energy temperature] | latent heat | latent heat, temperature change, latent, heat, specific heat, heat heat, substance, mass substance, heat capacity, change temperature |
| 699 | 26 | 699_crop_diversity_agriculture_varieties | [crop, diversity, agriculture, varieties, crops, biodiversity, agricultural, hunter, demands, societies, confer, risks, losses, grown, 000 years, rotation, rotate, beginning, human societies, improvement, densely, deforestation, populated, human, chief, nutrients soil, bred, impact, gardens, advantage, annually, loss, market, heavily, seasons, capital, cereal, wheat, legume, india, suffering, human activity, dominate, security, years ago, japan, selecting, contemporary, beans, ago] | Crop diversity | crop, diversity, agriculture, varieties, crops, biodiversity, agricultural, hunter, demands, societies |
| 700 | 26 | 700_worm_host_spp_figure 28 | [worm, host, spp, figure 28, parasite, parasitic, life cycle, parasites, hosts, digestive, worms, 28, eating, dogs cats, mature, altogether, intestinal tract, digested food, detach, intestine, guinea, absorb, proboscis, poorly, human diseases, ticks, chelicerates, wrapped, absorb nutrients, cats, cycle, feces, digestive systems, ft, widespread, colony, diagram shows, internally, live, infects, digested, body plan, muscle tissue, extracted, humans, intestines, oral, hi, mainly, lacks] | Parasite Life Cycle | worm, host, spp, figure 28, parasite, parasitic, life cycle, parasites, hosts, digestive |
| 701 | 26 | 701_pathways_anabolic_metabolic_catabolic | [pathways, anabolic, metabolic, catabolic, metabolic pathways, complex molecules, breaking, catabolic pathways, simpler, ones, require energy, chemical reactions, cell metabolism, metabolic pathway, metabolic reactions, building, metabolism, larger molecules, synthesize, inherently, reactions place, require, intermediates, complex, catabolism, reactions, carbohydrate, refers, molecules break, lipid, different compounds, certain molecules, final product, step reaction, biochemical reactions, processes, cellular, economical, compounds called, genes involved, energy second, cell function, molecules, involve, cellular processes, pathway, metabolic processes, input energy, energy production, interconnected] | Metabolic Pathways | pathways, anabolic, metabolic, catabolic, metabolic pathways, complex molecules, breaking, catabolic pathways, simpler, ones |
| 702 | 26 | 702_53___ | [53, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | 53 | 53, , , , , , , , , |
| 703 | 26 | 703_calcium_kidneys_levels_response low | [calcium, kidneys, levels, response low, stimulates, low blood, hormone, intestines, reabsorption, absorption, thyroid, enhances, dietary, blood, glands, inhibits, figure 37, low, bone, decrease blood, skeleton, extremely low, intestine, targeting, chief, glands produce, levels blood, impaired, work mikael, häggström, mikael häggström, mikael, calcium ion, increases blood, low levels, indirect, work nci, deposition, reabsorbed, produced, sustained, nci, acts, excretion, response, inhibited, 37, specialized cells, estrogen, muscle contraction] | Calcium levels in the kidneys | calcium, kidneys, levels, response low, stimulates, low blood, hormone, intestines, reabsorption, absorption |
| 704 | 25 | 704_dissipated_power_resistor_calculate power | [dissipated, power, resistor, calculate power, resistors, strategy solution, resistance, similarly discussion, resistance resistivity, power supplied, electric power, extension, average power, joule, discussion, resistivity, source, ohm law, power output, ohm, supplied, total, resistor voltage, easiest way, means energy, way calculate, given discussion, power watts, 20 calculating, energy strategy, transmission, using equations, total current, current induced, voltage resistance, cord, calculate, transmission lines, assuming constant, cheaper, dissipation, connected parallel, energy learning, power source, 20 electric, strategy, wire resistance, gives solution, equals, power energy] | Power Calculation | dissipated, power, resistor, calculate power, resistors, strategy solution, resistance, similarly discussion, resistance resistivity, power supplied |
| 705 | 25 | 705_solar_solar energy_electricity_sunlight | [solar, solar energy, electricity, sunlight, trough, electrical energy, array, concentrate, converted, home, generating, output, silicon, electrically, energy converted, design, virtual, rafts, plants different, used world, energy mechanical, converting, create, fluid figure, used today, reactions chemical, concentrates, business, converting energy, run, impinging, 2014, 25 10, output current, temperature differences, sun energy, energy electrical, solution problem, telephone, use large, concentrating, energy conversion, used generate, wired, department energy, thermal, direct current, solar radiation, reflective, device called] | Solar Energy | solar, solar energy, electricity, sunlight, trough, electrical energy, array, concentrate, converted, home |
| 706 | 25 | 706_child_swing_children_pushing | [child, swing, children, pushing, push, door, pushes, center gravity, snow, suspended, counteract, lowest point, plus, forces shown, figure 33, harness, shoulders, example figure, exerts, hang, force distance, 33 figure, center, opposite sides, hinges, bounces, forces exerted, initially rest, pulls, challenge, started, force friction, sled, exerting, pulling, external forces, center mass, exerts force, problem consider, walk, does work, opposite directions, long does, mother, motions, driven, horizontally, forces, looking, circumstances] | Push | child, swing, children, pushing, push, door, pushes, center gravity, snow, suspended |
| 707 | 25 | 707_motor_input_output_current | [motor, input, output, current, truck, battery, motors, draws, automobile, internal resistance, engine, supplied, capable producing, high current, greater smaller, ratio new, fairly large, peak power, used supply, frictional forces, maximum, large large, car, effective resistance, output current, kw, automobiles, resistance, 220, required produce, car engine, current current, supply, power supplied, short circuit, resistance current, starting, currents, 240, 00, inexpensive, 96, setting, puts, utilizes, frictional, compartment, passenger, fairly, charging] | Motor-Battery-Output | motor, input, output, current, truck, battery, motors, draws, automobile, internal resistance |
| 708 | 25 | 708_hcl_solution hcl_hcl solution_concentrated | [hcl, solution hcl, hcl solution, concentrated, hydrochloric acid, hydrochloric, general chemistry, solution density, solution, mass percentage, contained, laboratory, bottle, 745, required make, solution temperature, learning volume, calls, hcch, learning predict, percentage, mathematical approach, calculations using, check learning, estimate, portion, hcl hbr, isn, chemistry, following question, solution reaction, solution prepared, percent mass, kilojoules, pt, hcn, reaction occur, solution mass, mass solution, amine, hbr, aqueous, check, imfs, outlined, examination, placement, acid solution, produced reaction, solution contains] | Concentration | hcl, solution hcl, hcl solution, concentrated, hydrochloric acid, hydrochloric, general chemistry, solution density, solution, mass percentage |
| 709 | 25 | 709_basic forces_basic_forces_extended topic | [basic forces, basic, forces, extended topic, topic, extended, distinct, manifestations, nature, introduction, gravitational force, electromagnetic force, weak force, carrier particles, circumstances, 33, table lists, nuclear force, forces learning, particles observed, difficult detect, forces discussed, detect presence, website http, proposed, weak, various points, force gravitational, underlie, gravitational, table given, weakest, extraordinarily, able understand, visit website, categorized, carrier, text, summarized table, able state, force, explain terms, weak nuclear, exploring, summarizes, various types, ask, remarkable, fundamental, strong force] | Basic Forces | basic forces, basic, forces, extended topic, topic, extended, distinct, manifestations, nature, introduction |
| 710 | 25 | 710_soup_cans_roll_slipping | [soup, cans, roll, slipping, rolls, ramp, rolling, incline, slides, spoon, goes, ignore, ke, puts, fork, gravitational potential, slid, different rates, rolled, leaving, starts, sticks, translation, potential energy, comes, example use, slip, starting rest, energy goes, rotation, tomato, bowl, 18 figure, initial, coating, frictionless, slower, holding, identical, rotates, gravitational, race, energy converted, figure 10, entirely, quality, rest, controls, initial velocity, rotate] | Soup | soup, cans, roll, slipping, rolls, ramp, rolling, incline, slides, spoon |
| 711 | 25 | 711_nutrient_figure 31_plant_plants | [nutrient, figure 31, plant, plants, nutrients, deficiency, plant growth, crops, grown, organic, nutrition, growth, 31, synthesize, plant like, enzymes convert, plants water, inadequate, affect plant, obtain nutrients, advent, autotrophic, grocery store, growth figure, controlled conditions, symbiosis, organisms plants, term describes, improves, decomposing, compound used, strictly, derived, grocery, distinguishes, market, growing, niche, carbon compounds, packaging, controversial, partners, absorb nutrients, researchers use, magnesium, organisms, obtains, vegetables, cell death, evident] | Nutrient | nutrient, figure 31, plant, plants, nutrients, deficiency, plant growth, crops, grown, organic |
| 712 | 25 | 712_paper_sheet_blow_edge | [paper, sheet, blow, edge, sheet paper, lips, strips, search, page, hold, cut, hit, attach, speak, pause, pen, online, button, cloth, reset, pulp, cotton, mouth, increase volume, behave like, doubles, tape, home investigation, sheets, vibrate, withstand, music, connections home, investigation, strip, finger, hand, help, fingers, hands, plays, pieces, discharge, white, behave, try, moves, making connections, note, reading] | Edge | paper, sheet, blow, edge, sheet paper, lips, strips, search, page, hold |
| 713 | 25 | 713_mammals_lay_eggs_unique mammals | [mammals, lay, eggs, unique mammals, young, mammary glands, mammary, birth, possess, placenta, 000 species, giving, fetus, connects, clades, belong, mother, orders, nutrient, body temperature, lays, clade, spiny, curid, burrowing, 60 percent, nests, guinea, 18 20, 35 figure, family, elephants, allowing, glands, living, females, species, thirds, major groups, unique, living species, hunting, belongs, climbing, widespread, sticky, figure 29, possesses, live, males females] | Mammals lay eggs. | mammals, lay, eggs, unique mammals, young, mammary glands, mammary, birth, possess, placenta |
| 714 | 25 | 714_kingdom_dog_animal kingdom_features | [kingdom, dog, animal kingdom, features, animal, classify, classification, animals, animalia, embryological, 27, embryonic development, subspecies, development, kingdoms, distinguish, sponges, scheme, eukarya, embryonic, germ layers, arose, evolutionary history, dogs, germ, morphology, complexity, characterization, scientists developed, widest, domain, organisms including, organisms, animals evolved, organisms plants, faced, affinities, classification scheme, common, explain differences, beings, human beings, history, share, governing, animals figure, following list, creatures, classifications, 20 shows] | Kingdom | kingdom, dog, animal kingdom, features, animal, classify, classification, animals, animalia, embryological |
| 715 | 25 | 715_starting point_starting_pythagorean theorem_pythagorean | [starting point, starting, pythagorean theorem, pythagorean, compass, final position, angles, triangles, connecting, theorem, right triangle, acceptance, triangle, angle, correctly, orientation, far, labeled, solution distance, simple trigonometry, 30 52, line, fourth, calculates, points opposite, screen, legs, bragg equation, credit jon, abc, line figure, distance points, shortest distance, note equation, length, sides, given solution, clockwise direction, angle given, similarly discussion, direction, equation sin, right figure, direction note, previous equation, trigonometry, values given, bragg, using information, used solve] | Starting Point | starting point, starting, pythagorean theorem, pythagorean, compass, final position, angles, triangles, connecting, theorem |
| 716 | 25 | 716_62___ | [62, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | 62 | 62, , , , , , , , , |
| 717 | 25 | 717_sporangia_spores_sporopollenin_gametophyte | [sporangia, spores, sporopollenin, gametophyte, sporophyte, haploid, slender, underside, 1n, diploid, formed figure, mature, complex structure, structure allows, literally means, innovation, sporophytes, ploidy, unusually, bright field, field light, following structures, survived, dedicated, parent plant, attributed, light micrograph, seedless plants, literally, reproductive structures, micrograph shows, plural, structures called, branching, produce haploid, tough, moss, singular, bears, spore, capsule, sp, polymer, bryophytes, tubular, reproductive, degradation, ending, differentiate, dispersal] | Sporangia | sporangia, spores, sporopollenin, gametophyte, sporophyte, haploid, slender, underside, 1n, diploid |
| 718 | 25 | 718_care_parental care_offspring_parental | [care, parental care, offspring, parental, survival, reproduction, later life, reproductive, better able, survive, vulnerable, fecundity, life history, early, timing, reproducing, experienced, predation, species, reproduce, provide, parents, ensure, late, evolutionary, able provide, early life, species marine, presumably, usually small, time high, make sure, expend, energy expended, health, species use, species reproduce, reproduced, strategies, terms energy, species large, multiple species, usually, marine invertebrates, reproductive strategies, resources, history, reproduces, expended, demands] | Care | care, parental care, offspring, parental, survival, reproduction, later life, reproductive, better able, survive |
| 719 | 25 | 719_path_simulation_paths_actual | [path, simulation, paths, actual, explain effect, path taken, ending, exactly, forces vary, independent path, depend path, reversible, simplification, starting ending, ending points, shown, imaginary, blocking, heights, length difference, starting, reverse, taken, path length, presents, explain, getting, hazard, assumed, starting point, tremendous, overcome, obvious, consequences, points, increased, phase change, complicated, impossible, assumption, words, 25 25, point, details, mean, difference, depend, dependent, shown figure, highly] | Path Simulation | path, simulation, paths, actual, explain effect, path taken, ending, exactly, forces vary, independent path |
| 720 | 25 | 720_convection_chill_conduction_air | [convection, chill, conduction, air, wind, hot air, colder, radiates, rate heat, gray, driven, rises, transfers, infrared, air given, produced figure, wind speed, conduct heat, cold air, readout, cold, decreases temperature, thermal energy, realistic, rate energy, slow, person body, increases rate, air flow, negligibly, increase rate, transfers energy, thermal, vent, upper body, faster, dry air, touches, replaces, quickly, factors, connections, away, abnormalities, natural, real world, cooler, given temperature, feels, infrared radiation] | Convection | convection, chill, conduction, air, wind, hot air, colder, radiates, rate heat, gray |
| 721 | 25 | 721_mucus_insects_trachea_book | [mucus, insects, trachea, book, lungs, respiratory, traps, hemocoel, mucous, cilia, stack, openings, cuticle, works, respiratory structures, tubes, terrestrial environments, smoking, salts water, high water, pockets, particulate matter, aquatic environments, shaped like, entire body, direct contact, immature, ciliated, aquatic, particulate, seal, ticks, sporopollenin, spiders, environments, passages, tracheids, arthropod, waxy, cells contain, sticky, direct, enter, glycoprotein, resembles, coated, airways, hairs, trap, nasal] | Trachea | mucus, insects, trachea, book, lungs, respiratory, traps, hemocoel, mucous, cilia |
| 722 | 25 | 722_neurons_structural support_figure 35_support | [neurons, structural support, figure 35, support, different functions, cells shown, provide, nervous, neuronal, satellite, cells, structural, central nervous, 35, brain, chemical environment, express, serve, developing, nutrients, cells express, functions, debris, cast, nerve cell, peripheral nervous, evidence suggests, maintain, workers, nerve impulse, harm, cells form, types, site https, nutritional, cns, nerve, efficiently, signaling, unable, requirements, environment, migrate, cells cells, guide, shown, vital, axons, radial, peripheral] | Neurons | neurons, structural support, figure 35, support, different functions, cells shown, provide, nervous, neuronal, satellite |
| 723 | 25 | 723_markers_mapping_genetic_map | [markers, mapping, genetic, map, physical, linkage, recombination, genes, genome, marker, scientists use, sequence, provide, chromosome, hybrid, base pairs, exact, detailed, picture, analysis, requires, genetic physical, measured terms, technology, sequencing, distances measured, sequence genome, genes determine, detailed information, distance, determine approximate, using known, single nucleotide, credit national, repeats, process requires, increases decreases, scientists, nucleotides, used create, integration, locating, genes chromosome, artificially, outline, dna sequencing, highway, grid, mountains, tagged] | Markers | markers, mapping, genetic, map, physical, linkage, recombination, genes, genome, marker |
| 724 | 25 | 724_wings_wing_insects_bat | [wings, wing, insects, bat, bats, fly, bird, flying, birds, completely different, winged, birds insects, insect, homologous, independently, embryonic, flight, finger, origin, evolved, analogous, common ancestor, inherited, example used, fourth, ancestor, distinctly different, evolved different, foundations, exaggerated, formally, served, similar structure, distinctly, share, bones, structures, mystery, arrival, spans, 12 shows, elongated, evolution, share common, descendants, butterfly, separately, analogy, evolutionary, span] | Different | wings, wing, insects, bat, bats, fly, bird, flying, birds, completely different |
| 725 | 25 | 725_55___ | [55, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] | 55 | 55, , , , , , , , , |
| 726 | 25 | 726_unknowns_identify_needs_exactly | [unknowns, identify, needs, exactly, determined, problem, want, identify knowns, knowns, solve, problems, order solve, assessing, solve temperature, need solve, need, solve problems, solve unknown, question, inferred, unknown, equation solve, difficulty, purpose, identifying, know, trace, obvious, accurately, practice, principles, stated, identified, sufficient, target, apply, especially, quantity, sequence, quantities, described, nature, needed, step, complex, source, order, known, constant, equation] | Problem | unknowns, identify, needs, exactly, determined, problem, want, identify knowns, knowns, solve |
| 727 | 25 | 727_paramagnetic_unpaired_unpaired electrons_magnet | [paramagnetic, unpaired, unpaired electrons, magnet, magnetic, pour, magnetic field, repelled, confirms, atom ion, attracted, moment, paired, materials, spin, electrons, field, number electrons, poles, permanent magnets, large percentage, field called, ions contain, magnetic fields, metal complexes, attraction, behavior, past, odd number, oxygen, collects, molecules like, molecules contain, weakly, number valence, demonstrates, liquid, electron atom, arises, liquid nitrogen, diatomic molecules, strongest, alignment, floats, tendency, odd, contain, spins, stay, transition metal] | Unpaired Electrons | paramagnetic, unpaired, unpaired electrons, magnet, magnetic, pour, magnetic field, repelled, confirms, atom ion |
| 728 | 25 | 728_conductors_semiconductors_band_insulators | [conductors, semiconductors, band, insulators, conduct, conduction, electricity, good conductors, small energy, good, free charges, valence, bands, poor, energy difference, free electrons, semiconductor, gap, electrons valence, free, energy required, aluminum, electrical, easy, properties make, note table, certain circumstances, copper, conduct heat, bound nuclei, energy provided, increases number, energy type, materials, agitation, intermediate, gold, carry current, thermal, best, heat electricity, values table, electrical current, conductor, table 20, temperature increased, higher lower, better, silver, carry] | Conductors | conductors, semiconductors, band, insulators, conduct, conduction, electricity, good conductors, small energy, good |
| 729 | 25 | 729_charges_charge_00 00_charge negative | [charges, charge, 00 00, charge negative, opposite charges, point charges, balls, magnitude force, point charge, distributed, magnitude, 00, negative charge, answer imply, large charge, answers questions, nc, isolating, car mass, greater magnitude, distance centers, magnitude charge, charge point, attractive, force attractive, does answer, evenly distributed, charge charge, unlike charges, 750, utilizing, like charges, test charge, act like, insulating, paint, equal opposite, mg, arrive, placed, force zero, equal magnitude, evenly, static electricity, problem consider, centers, force acting, discuss, lift, implications] | Charges | charges, charge, 00 00, charge negative, opposite charges, point charges, balls, magnitude force, point charge, distributed |
| 730 | 25 | 730_radio_radio waves_tv_satellite | [radio, radio waves, tv, satellite, waves, electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic, dish, signals, waves used, extremely low, microwaves, produced currents, antenna, frequencies, submarine, category, low frequency, cable, figure 24, sent, electromagnetic wave, gamma, ranging, reach, use high, residential, chemical environment, internet, use various, lowest frequency, transmission, used transmit, submarines, wave, wires, cell phone, good conductor, networks, telephone, tvs, organizations, phones, frequency, remote, gamma ray, surface figure, intended, airplanes, devices] | Radio waves | radio, radio waves, tv, satellite, waves, electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic, dish, signals, waves used |
| 731 | 25 | 731_holes_anions_cations_octahedral | [holes, anions, cations, octahedral, occupy, tetrahedral, array, hole, cubic, cation anion, anion, occupied, cation, simple cubic, packed, closest, larger, figure 10, corners, 57, 58, octahedron, adjacent, ratio, adopt, relative sizes, tetrahedron, plane, directly related, filled, cations anions, remain, size shape, spacing, open, relatively small, compound, simple, ratios, ionic compound, layer, types, compounds, nacl, sizes, arranged, maximum, fit, usually, remaining] | Holes | holes, anions, cations, octahedral, occupy, tetrahedral, array, hole, cubic, cation anion |
| 732 | 25 | 732_percent composition_composition_percent_empirical | [percent composition, composition, percent, empirical, compound, empirical formula, mass percentage, formula, given element, percentage, formulas, element compound, percentages, molar, mass compound, masses, molar mass, element, constituent, mass element, mass molar, calculate percent, determining, carbon oxygen, used derive, solution calculate, deriving, convenient, derive, mass, chemical formula, makeup, calculation, formula mass, derived, molecular formula, showed, dividing, experimentally, elemental, analysis, elements, element different, determining empirical, calculation percent, elements example, measure relative, different compounds, tentative, previously mentioned] | Percent Composition | percent composition, composition, percent, empirical, compound, empirical formula, mass percentage, formula, given element, percentage |
How topics cluster together based on semantic similarity.
2D visualization of topic clusters.
Heatmap of cosine similarity between all topics.
What topics make up each subject?
Select a topic to see which subjects it appears in.